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Multiculturalism in organisations
Multiculturalism in organisations
Multiculturalism in organisations
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Multiculturalism in the World – What Japanese Companies Can Learn From Australian Enterprises? Globalization—the world we never spend a day without hearing it nowadays. Many countries all over the world have become globalized in the blink of an eye, and Japan is no exception. Several companies have already taken steps to make themselves “globalized”; for instance, Toyota not only hire foreign employees but also put a lot of effort in training their employees to become active in international occasion by many measures such as teaching company’s philosophy during training session and sending them to University of Pennsylvania to study on the company’s expenses. Moreover, countless foreign companies such as IBM, Microsoft, Boston Consulting Group …show more content…
Tanaka (2011) explains its root dividing the history of immigration into three stages: discovery of the land, Australia as a penal colony, and Gold Rush. The first ever to land on the Oceanian frontier was aborigines. Approximately, 40,000 years ago, they arrived to Australia, and they settled all across the land in the next another 10,000 years. By the time European settlers entered the land in the 17th country, roughly 0.3 to one million aborigines were living in the …show more content…
As the economical interactions amongst provinces became more active around 1880s, the colonial prime minister in Victoria suggested the importance of unification of colonies. This led them to establish the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. In fact, Australia had a unique way to its independent. The United States fought with the UK for independency and other Commonwealth nations such as South Africa, Canada, Ireland and so forth acquired independency through Statute of Westminster 1931—by this, the UK acknowledged commonwealth nations’ independency and autonomy without any intervention of the UK with remaining as commonwealth countries. On the other hand, as a matter of fact, the perception of Australia’s independency varies person to person, for Australia did not declare independency through Statute of Westminster—because they could not lose the UK as its biggest market for their primal industry and the UK’s powerful navy’s protection to assist them militarily―and even sent their military in order to fight on the side of the UK during the World Wars. Therefore, people still had their identities as British during 1950s, and “Australian passport” did not even exist until 1972. Eventually, Constitution
The decision for Australia to adopt the Federal system was on the principle of which the State’s governments wanted to keep their power. For this reason there was the separation of powers between the newly formed Commonwealth government and the existing State governments. At a constitutional level, there are rulings in which the powers are separated, these rulings due to disputes have slightly changed since 1901. These changes all fell towards the one government, the Commonwealth (Federal) government. However this was not just a landslide event, the Constitution of Australia set up this imbalance of powers between the Commonwealth and State governments. We will explore this further in the points discussed later in this essay.
Australia's federation came about through a process of deliberation, consultation and debate. Before 1901 Australia did not exist as a nation. It was six British colonies, which were self-governed, but under the power of the British Parliament. The colonies were almost like six separate countries. In the 1880s there was so much disorganisation within this system, which caused a belief that a national government was, needed to deal with issues such as trade, defence and immigration saw popular support for federation grow.
In 1931, Britain passed the Statue of Westminster which gave independence to the Australian parliament. Australia, however, did not ratify this law until 1942. As this law only applied the federal parliament, Britain passed the Australia Act, which gave independence to the states as well. The High Court of Australia is now the final court in deciding constitutional matters and the final court of appeal. Due to these laws, Australia has become an independent nation. However, it is believed that we are not truly independent due to our link with the British crown.
In the article, “Multiculturalism: Battleground or Meeting Ground,” Takaki starts out addressing the difference in philosophy between him and Woodward when it comes to cultural diversity. Woodward strongly disagrees with Takaki when it comes to the topic of cultural diversity. They both are seeing issue threw two difference lens. Woodward attacked Takaki on the issue when Woodward reviewed Takaki’s “Iron Cages: Rave and Culture in Nineteeth-Century America” book in the “New York Review of Books,” saying it was too narrow in focus (Takaki, n.d). Woodward rebuttal was that the book did not contain any balance, and should have touched on “national issues” to have that balance and not just the American south. Woodward even said that Takaki was
Before federation in 1901, Australia was not a nation. At that time, the Australian continent consisted of six British colonies (Western Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria) that were somewhat self-governing, however still subject to the law-making power of the British Parliament. Each colony had its own government and laws, including its own rules and regulations on trade, transport and defence. This caused a lot of problems and people began to think about the benefits of uniting as one nation, under a federal system of governance. Under this system, powers would be distributed between a national government and the six States where the Constitution defines the boundaries of law-making powers between the Commonwealth and the States/Territories. One reason to federate was to achieve a united defence force which could better protect Australia. In the 1880s, Australian colonies became increasingly concerned with the large
The first advantage towards Australia from federation that will be discussed in this essay is that federation helped Australia’s economy. Prior to federation the continent of Australia was broke up into six small economies, each a colony. Federation meant that Australia would become a bigger and better economy therefore other governments, particularly Brittan would be more willing to grant Australia loans and invest within it, opposed to doing so with smaller and separate colonies. Federation also had an effect on the tariffs. Prior to federation business people had to pay tariffs but under federation the tariffs would be abolished and free trade would make cheaper production costs and open up many more business opportunities. In this sense, Federation should have been a necessity for Australia due to all the finan...
Victoria was the Queen of Great Britain for such a long time period that by the time of her death no one under the age of 60 remembered another sovereign’s reign. This meant that the vast majority of Australians had great sentimental attachment to Victoria, although they did not look negatively on the coming reign of Edward VII. This is supported by this quote from Encarta, “For most of her subjects, an age seemed to have come to an end, and for all the sorrowful tributes there were many people who looked forward not only to a new reign but a new future. ”(1). On 9 July 1900, Queen Victoria proclaimed the Commonwealth of Australia to come into being on 1st January 1901.
Collective Identity is an individual or groups set beliefs and rituals that make up there own personal identity. It is how one can belong or feel accepted by a group or create how a person is. Indigenous people here in Australia are an example of a very strong version of collective identity. Indigenous people belong to tribes or clans, and all the separate clans have different collective identities but they are all similar in some ways. An indigenous clan that you are apart of determines on where you are born and also your language group. There are many different things that make up the aboriginal identity one of the main thing being the Dreaming, which is the creation story of the aboriginals. The originally known as the Dream Time is the
Discussion Ancient Aboriginals were the first people to set foot on the Australian continent, over 40,000 years or more before colonization (Eckermann, 2010). They survived by hunting and gathering their food, worshipping the land to protect its resources, and ensuring their survival. The aboriginal community has adapted to the environment, building a strong framework of social, cultural, and spiritual beliefs (Eckermann, 2010). Colonisation of Australia began in 1788, when Englishman Captain Cook claimed the land as an empty, uninhabited, continent giving it the classification Terra Nullius and leaving it open to colonization. Eckermann (2010), stated that the English failed to recognise the aboriginal tribes as civilized, co-inhibiters of the land, feeling they had no right to a claim.
In 1851 there was a period in Australia called The Australian Gold Rush that lasted 25 years. Gold was so easily found that the news travelled and spread quickly all around the world. Due to its value and availability, soon enough different nationalities mainly Chinese and European people were attracted to looking out for this gold. Many people migrated to Australia to seize this opportunity to improve their lives, however, they also had difficulties during their migration and settlement.
It all started in 1859. Australia was slowly becoming populated with European pioneers who sought the newness of the great, unsettled continent. However, there were a few things from home from which they just couldn’t part.
When you think of the “land down under” you don’t really think of the kind of government they have. I chose to write about the Australian government because I really don’t hear much about Australia. It currently has a pretty interesting story to tell when it comes to their government. I became a bit interested in Australian politics when I saw a political animated cartoon on the internet that depicted Kevin Rudd, the last Prime Minister, on a news television show and it was quite humorous. I am going to give a quick history lesson on Australia then go into how the government formed and came to be. Then I will talk about the Australian constitution, the Australian arms of government, their federal system, political parties and Australia’s current Prime Minister.
Contrast between Two Different Periods of Immigration to Australia According to Australia’s Changing Face, during 70 years 5.5 million people have arrived and settled in Australia from 170 counties. The country has a remarkable migration history; a small band of Africans dwelled in Australia approximately 50.000 years ago. Moreover, James Cook and his expedition were the first Europeans who reached the southeastern coast of the continent in 1770. Until the Australian Federation was instituted (1901) thousands of Chinese, Irish, and Scottish immigrated freely to the continent for starting new lives.
Since the English colonised Australia, people spread and livestock overtook the land that belonged to the Aboriginals. The British noticed that the Indigenous people of Australia did not have a very advanced society and they knew that they could claim this land for themselves. For this reason, during the first
Most of them, by using land bridges, reached Australia and decided to settle there. They have been in continuous contact with Asian people and that is the reason why they have as well features of them. They had a nomadic life and they survived thanks to hunting and fishing. Unfortunately, we do not have any written document about indigenous Australian before European arrived.