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Is there a link between mental illness and crime increase
Criminal justice system and administration
Criminal justice system and administration
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The static risk factors for violence present in Mr. Y’s case includes Mr. Y being a male, and his lengthy history of substance abuse that includes abusing cocaine and methamphetamine. Also, due to his psychosis, Mr. Y experienced problems of unstable employment, and maintaining interpersonal relationships with his family. His psychotic disorder include auditory hallucinations, and delusional thought processes. However, there are also absence of static risk factors in the case of Mr. Y. He shows a lack of past violence or criminality history in his records. There was no evidence of conduct disorder/childhood delinquency during his adolescent stage, or psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder. This alleged offense is his first crime, which he committed at around the age of 50, lacking the young age onset of criminality/violent behavior. Also, there was no record of supervision failure.
As for dynamic risk factors for violence, Mr. Y seems to have a good level of insight into his mental health at various instances, particularly when he is on medication. However, his insight was somewhat impaired when his psychotic symptoms was full blown. Mr. Y active symptoms “appear to have gradually decreased since he resumed treatment with psychotropic medications in July
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1896 such that he currently only experiences occasional, transient symptoms that are not of clinical significance”. Mr. Y reported suicidal ideations during his psychotic symptoms, but also denials suicidal or homicidal ideations at later times. Mr. Y stress level varies, he reported experiencing some stress during his employment and his time living with his parents. However, unresponsiveness to treatment, noncompliant or negative adjustment was observed.
His symptoms was well controlled due to his medication, showing responsiveness to treatment. Records showed that Mr. Y has remained compliant and cooperative with his treatment and medication. Mr. Y seems to adjusted since he was “observed to interact appropriately with staff and inmates at FMC Rochester”, and he maintained a good attitude in regards to his predicament. There are no present signs of active substance abuse, weapon or victim availability, and neighborhood factors. Mr. Y does not display impulsive behavior neither was he exposed to destabilizing situational factors according to the dynamic risk
factors. In regards to protective factor, Mr. Y seems to have a somewhat stable relationship with his parents, who he can seek refuge from, since they help him from time to time. Mr. Y stated that he is currently working to re-establish better relationship with his family. In conclusion, I think Mr. Y is not at a high risk for violence because he shows the absence of many significant risk factors. Most importantly, Mr. Y’s alleged offense is his first record of offense, so he has no previous history of violent behavior. This alleged offense was committed when Mr. Y was around at 50 years old, and according to research young offenders are more likely to commit more crime in the future, and act of violence/criminality usually lessens with old age. When Mr. Y is on medications, dynamic risk factors such as low level of insight, violent thoughts and active symptoms become significantly reduced or even absent. In addition, Mr. Y’s compliance and responsiveness to medication, inactive substance abuse, and lack of impulsive behavior reduces his risk for violence.
Neurotransmitters have been suggested as a significant cause of aggressive behavior. Hans Brunner, a geneticist at the University Hospital in Nijmegen, has found that the violent male members of the Dutch family mentioned earlier in this paper, lacked a gene that produces monoamine oxidase-a (MAOA) (4). MAOA is an enzyme that breaks down significant transmitters in the brain. If the MAOA does not break down these transmitters - specifically, serotonin - then buildup of serotonin will occur and could cause a person to act violently (3).
Charles has agreed to medication protocol of Haldol injections and Resperadol. He adamantly refuses psychotherapy. While hospitalized Charles makes reference to being sexually abused he refuses to go into depth or give specifics. Prior to the diagnosis Charles’s mother reports became withdrawn at the age of seven Charles’s father died in a car accident.
... (2009). Violent offenses associated with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems: evidence from CJDATS. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 21(7), 51-69.
It has been found that violent behavior that is equally displayed amongst men and women (Wray, Hoyt, & Gerstle, 2013). According to research, the reasons that men and women become perpetrators are similar (Wray et al., 2013). It has been stated that if a counselor wants to reduce recidivism, one should focus on dyadic intervention (Wray et al., 2013). The psychoeducational group can help members to learn signs of aggression that they display to and what things can be done to correct the
Criminology is only part of anti-social behavior which may include the causes, nature and control of such criminal behavior. Criminology focuses on criminals, while psychology is applied to understand the mind behind the criminal. Criminology deals with research into the cause, form and consequences of a crime. Psychopathology applies science useful in understanding the abnormalities in early development of the brain that contributed to the creation of the social deviant. It is necessary to include data from both fields to formulate hypothesis that state the nature of anti-social behaviors specifically relating to serious disorders such as schizophrenia. Applying the science of psychology to issues relating to violent crim...
Their symptoms are directly related to specific threats of extreme violence. Victims gave examples which included nightmares of assaults that occurred while incarcerated and panic attacks in response to police sirens. In sixteen cases, other psychiatric disorders were evident. Ten of them suffered from a type of depressive disorder, five had features of a panic disorder, four had symptoms of paranoia, and three had acquired a dependence on drugs and/or alcohol. In addition, chronic sleeping problems, moodiness, and irritability were increased in all cases.
Markowitz, F. E. (2011). Mental illness, crime, and violence: Risk, context, and social control. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 36-44.
Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. (2009). Borderline personality and criminality. Psychiatry, 6(10), 16-20.
Welton, Nathan. “Mentally Ill Are More Likely To Be The Victims Of Violence.” The Tribune [California] 19 Mar. 2006: n. pag. NewsBank Special Reports. Web. 7 Apr. 2014.
The first contact between an officer and a probationer is when an officer estimates a probationer’s risk. This is deterring if re-offending of a crime in the presentence investigation report. The report informs the type of supervision the probationers, receives. Certain disorders in its self are a fragile predictor of recidivism compared to factors such as substance abuse such as mental disorder (Trotter). One example is substance abuse it is one of the eight risk factors for general recidivism, and was found to have a mean effect on general recidivism compared to a negative effect on mental disorders. Officers mistakenly believe that many disorders are a forceful risk factor and rate probationers with mental disorder as high-risk. Even agencies uses a structured risk measurement to assessment probationers’ risk, officers may look away from ratings risk that disagree with their perceptions to rate the probationer’s.
Mulder, E., Brand, E., Bullens, R., & Van Marle, H. (2010). A classification of risk factors in serious juvenile offenders and the relation between patterns of risk factors and recidivism. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health, 20(1), 23-38. doi:10.1002/cbm.754
“Understanding the Relationship between Mental Disorder and Violence: The Need for a Criminological Perspective.” Law and Human Behavior 30(6):685-706. Silver, Eric and Brent Teasdale. 2005. “Mental Disorder and Violence: An Examination of Stressful Life Events and Impaired Social Support.” Social Problems 52(1):62-78.
Dorn, R., Volavka, J., & Johnson, N. (2012). Mental disorder and violence: is there a relationship beyond substance use?. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(3), 487-503. doi:10.1007/s00127-011-0356-x
This prisoner is a 28 year old male,S.B., was seen by a Psychiatrist named Calcutta after getting into a fight with another inmate over a bet. S.B was brutally beaten up by the Wardens of the jail. The case history reveals that S.B was jailed twice before for cheating case and for assaulting one of his friend. This time S.B was jailed for fighting with a police constable. During interrogation S.B admit that he has beaten the other inmate who refused to pay money. S.B wanted to show his power and there was no regret for his action. Family history showed his neglected childhood and his father left his home at the age of six years old and his mother had a hidden relationship with their neighbor. This example shows the typical way people get diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder. Due to this occurrence at the beginning of S.Bs life of neglect as a child by his father and being left for his mother who was having affairs with his next door neighbor he began to develop APD even though it was unknown at the time. Then once S.B was left without any parent or real guardians in his life he started to abuse drugs and alcohol and soon enough got caught up and wound up in jail. All of these events leading to him being in jail caused him to have antisocial personality
Simon, PhD, D. G. (2008, November 7). Understanding the Aggressive Personalities | CounsellingResource.com.CounsellingResource.com – Psychology, Therapy & Mental Health