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Medical ethics 4 principles
Ethical principles in the medical field
Medical ethics 4 principles
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Ethical principles tell us what action to take and want not to take but it doesn’t consider the nature of the moral agent. What is the right thing to do and what is the wrong thing to do? We ask these questions because we face moral dilemmas in our everyday lifestyle. Humans have the capability to reason, but can be tempered by our emotional reactions. Humans also learn from habitual behaviors, societal influences, which develops an individual to become a good character. Health care professional, or physician assistant in my case, face complex and moral dilemmas dealing with certain issues that pertain to the overall well-being of a person, life, and death. Compassion, discernment, integrity, and trustworthiness are some virtues that are considered
A health care professional should have a history of clear judgment and understanding because a discerning person will think rationally about a situation and without being influenced by other personal or political factors. A discerning person will be able to see what needs to be done, when it needs to be done, and in what specific way while including ethical considerations. Another imperative ethical character trait a health care worker needs to have is trustworthiness. To do the right thing for the right reasons and at the right time is important when making an ethical decision. The relationship between the caregiver and the patient is crucial in the health care industry. Integrity is another important issue that is based off of the individual’s core values and beliefs. A person that has integrity will, “walk their virtuous talk” (Kurtz and Burr, 2015). A patient will trust a health care worker more when they have integrity because they compromise their ethical principles to make the right decision. These virtues coincide with ethical principles in the health care profession and when they are faced with a moral dilemma, they will know what decision best fits that certain situation at that certain moment. There are three ethical philosophies that are used in the health care industry in the way decisions are
During week 4, we became familiar with the application of ethics in the nursing practice settings. We learned about ethical theories and principles, which are crucial when practicing in any clinical settings during ethical decision-making and while facing one or multiple ethical dilemmas. Also, we were introduced to the MORAL model used in ethical decision – making progress. The MORAL model is the easiest model to use in the everyday clinical practice, for instance at bedside nursing. This model can be applyed in any clinical settings and its acronyms assist
Although nursing is universally practiced, not all nurses values and morals are the same. Nurses and nursing students are usually put in situations where they must operate within an ethical structure which is either unfamiliar to their cultural criterion or those of the patients for whom they are taking care of. The most prominent values and morals of nurses are based on human dignity and benevolence. Human dignity is the main component that branches off into other values under caring for health and well-being. Trust, integrity, autonomy, and privacy are one of the many sub-values that fall under human dignity. It is important for the nurses to respect and understand the culture and beliefs of the patient without being judgmental or confrontational. The wellbeing of the patient is priority and so the nurses must focus on gaining the patients trust first by tending to their needs and exhibiting
The four ethical virtues of health care must be shown, compassion, discernment, integrity and trustworthiness. Respecting a person’s autonomy understanding and acting on the belief the people have the right decision to make decisions and take action based on their beliefs and value systems. The ethical issues that would be encountered will be to treat each person with passion and respect regardless of sex, race, and religious preference. The environment has no human rights violations, sustains nursing ethical
Slosar, J. P. (2004). Ethical decisions in health care. Health Progress. pp. 38-43. Retrieved from http://www.chausa.org/publications/health-progress/article/january-february-2004/ethical-decisions-in-health-care
The four major ethical principles in health care are: Autonomy – to honor the patient’s right to make their own decision (the opposite is paternalism - the health care provider knows best for the patient), Beneficence – to help the patient advance his/her own good, Nonmaleficence – to do no harm (many bioethical controversies involves this principle), and Justice – to be fair and treat like cases alike. All 4 principles are considered to be in effect at all times. In theory, each is of equal weight or importance. Ethical responsibilities in a given situation depend in part on the nature of the decision and in part on the roles everyone involved play.
The word ethics is derived from the Greek word ‘ethos’ meaning character or conduct. It is typically used interchangeably with word moral which is derived from the Latin word ‘moves’ which means customs or habits. Ethics refers to conduct, character and motivations involved in moral acts. Ethics are not imposed by a profession, by law but by moral obligation. It is unwritten code of conduct that encompasses both professional conduct and judgement. Ethics helps support autonomy and self-determination, protect the vulnerable and promotes the welfare and equality of human beings. An ethical dentist- patient relationship is based on trust, honesty, confidentiality, privacy and the quality of care.1
Integrity is one of the most essential principles in business practice. Without integrity, the reputation of a business can suffer unrepairable damages in which consumerism becomes nonexistent. Integrity must be built into the organizational infrastructure in health care to build a foundation of ethical integrity and adopt a culture that prioritizes this value (Mantel, 2015). I chose this business principle because I strongly believe that integrity is the heart and soul of a business’s character. Character reveals the core of business standards and is vital to sustain trust. Integrity is incorporated at my facility under the value system, to enable communities to rely on our health care organization. Integrity is chief in health care because it encompasses the foundation of veracity and honesty. Consumers such as patients, heavily rely on integrity of health care organizations to provide the best care. Integrity is important to me because it represents a network of trust and honor. As a health care professional, ethically and morally sound decisions have to be made with
This type of thinking can compromise patient trust and quality of care. Personal philosophy The environment around us shapes our method of thinking, and can be influenced by morals, ethics, and values. My values, and ethics, have been established over the years as a member of the Armed Forces. As a future nurse, I will be working with other healthcare providers, and caring for patients with a wide array of cultural differences. According to Careful Nursing, n.d., the philosophy that guides nursing can be viewed as the nature and inherent dignity of the human person, infinite transcendent reality in life processes, and health as human flourishing.
The term nursing ethics means that the nurse has an obligation judge what is right and wrong in her or his duties as guided by the profession or the moral principles that govern the profession and as prescribed by the professional body. Nursing ethics initially encompassed virtues that were desired in a nurse. At the time, these virtues included physician loyalty, commitment to high moral character and obedience. Evolvement of nursing profession gradually made nurses embrace patients’ advocacy. As patient advocates, nurses work as part of an interdisciplinary team to provide patient care. Nursing ethics have kept pace with the advancement of the nursing profession to include a patient-centered focus, rather than a physician-centered focus.
By establishing a code of ethics the nursing profession provides a framework for judgment calls dealing with these difficult situations. This set of moral principals sets a standard for thinking through ethical problems, which ultimately helps nurses settle these types of issues. These ethical nursing dilemmas usually arise from disagreements in personal values and social issues that regard the decisions or beliefs of patients. The objective is to come to a common understanding which upholds the best interest of the patient while reinforcing the personal values of the healthcare professional.
Ethics in the medical field are very important and should be taken seriously. As a medical professional you will tested daily on making the best choices, using good judgment and being morally responsible for your actions. There are nine principles in the Code of Medical Ethics that in general make up the primary code. As a medical professional you must always consider what is in the best interest of the patient. Code of medical ethics of the American Medical Association, (2012). When determining the proper “Patient-Physician Relationship, the relationship between the patient and physician is based on trust and gives rise to the physicians’ ethical obligations to place a patients’ welfare above their own self-interest” Code of medical ethics of the American Medical Association, (2012).
According to Morrison and Furlong, normative ethics discovers what is right and wrong and guides decision making for all situations in many areas including health care. A normative ethical theory that this research will discuss is virtue ethics in the American health care system. The purpose of this research is to develop potential for excellence and to find the highest good for humans by doing what is right short-term, long-term, and to compete globally (Morrison & Furlong, 2013). Giving certain situations each theory can provide tools to assist in decision-making but virtue ethics concentrates on excellence and perfection.
Working in health care is an important job. People put their trust in us to do our very best to provide them with the absolute best care. Being entrusted with such responsibility requires nurses to conduct themselves both professionally and ethically. Nurses must adhere to the professional values of human dignity, integrity, autonomy, altruism, and social justice. It is these five values that guide us in our practice and as nurses we must promote and emulate these values. They play an important role in the quality of treatment and success of an organization and help us determine right from wrong.
Integrity Integrity among one’s self and charges is a primary objective for nurse leaders. [1] Personal integrity aids nurse practitioners in making the right choices during critical junctures in patient’s treatment plans. Additionally, effective leaders adapt to use and teach ethically viable practices to enable fledgling nurse leaders to make safe and effective care decision
Ethics is defined as moral principles that govern a persons or a group’s behavior, ethical principles apply to both personal and professional relationships (Webster, 2015). The field of nursing is a profession that has been highly regarded and respected in society. Most nurses enter the profession in order to utilize their clinical skills to help others in their time of need. Those in failing health rely on nurses to care for them in their most vulnerable states, and expect a level of compassion and humanity while receiving care. Nurses have an ethical responsibility to their patients, clients, and their community. Compassion, empathy, and integrity are staple characteristics that nurses possess that allow them to successfully perform their