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Annotated bibliography on montessori education
Montessori vs traditional school
Teaching strategies
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Parents want the best for their children, and picking where to place them in school is a serious challenge for most. Imagine you are a student again: you walk into class this morning, and instead of seeing desks, you see a class divided into different areas and a big open space. The teacher walking around says good morning to you, and students are scattered around working where it pleases them. It is your responsibility to put away your things, and get started. There is no reason to be nervous, but excited, because what you learn today is up to you, and you have the freedom to choose how you want to spend your time. Do you remember the last time that it was your choice to pick the material you wanted to study, rather than sitting
One technique effective teachers use is the placement of students in separate groups based on their level. This technique provides the more advanced students with harder work that pushes them, and has intermediate students practice familiar material. This gives the teacher the opportunity to help the students that really need the attention to learn what they are struggling with. In the Montessori class, students work at their own pace on a variety of activities before moving on to new and harder material, which makes the system completely individualized to each student. Teachers play an important role in the orchestration of the day, and according to the article, “Authentic Montessori: The teacher makes the difference,” written by Alexa Huxel, “an essential element of authentic Montessori is respect for the child through the provision of a prepared environment that allows children to make choices while encouraging and supporting independence, curiosity, intrinsic motivation, and movement” (2). The teachers are a facilitator to the classroom. They explain how to do the assignment, and leave the student to figure out how to do it on their own before reviewing the finished work. Many of the activities are hands on and stimulate learning with visual aids. By letting the students work on their own, they develop many skills that would not otherwise be
The environment allows all seven learning styles (visual, aural, verbal, kinesthetic, logical, social, and solitary) to help the students excel with various activities. The class setting is informal, and accepts interaction among students. The socialization between the children encourages them to work with partners, and go to each other for help. Students determine what they want to work on, which benefits them in the way that they shall never be left without a task to complete. The classroom is obviously child-centered, and by the nature of the setting, it builds a close community among the children. By working together they learn to respect each other and help one another. The teachers lead by example, so anything they do must not be done in convenience for them, but rather how the students should actually behave, and how to properly complete classroom chores. The children are taught to be independent in almost all that they do from the start of the day, and as said by Anu Karna in her article, “Why Montessori?” “We ideally would not shelter our children forever, but instead raise them so they can survive independently of us” (4). The class is extremely organized, and everything has a place where it belongs. Children are taught to put everything back the way they found it when they are done after using an item for part of a lesson. Teaching the
Instead of sitting through educational lectures in a brick and mortar institution, students have a voice in what they learn, when they learn it and where it is learned. Parents may have students choose material at the library or use computer programs to deliver academic material. Depending on the curriculum and teaching method, location can factor little in a student 's ability to accomplish school. Access to the internet may be a stipulation that denies certain locations for curricular use, depending upon the teaching methods. Libraries, parks, hikes, etc, can all be considered learning environments for students. The ability to move around can be a major factor in some homeschooled families teaching methods. Using active experiences to teach students, parents expose their children to hands on learning. Some parents hold to the belief that students learn better when the students enjoy learning and teach themselves
According to Jim Rohn, “Learning is the beginning of wealth. Learning is the beginning of health. Learning is the beginning of spirituality. Searching and learning is where the miracle process all begins.” Education plays a major role in the every society, which can hinder one or enhance one’s mind. The key to learning is staying focus and wanting to grasp information that will help one pursue higher education in the near future. Home and public schools both have their pros and cons, but they both instill knowledge within the students. When it’s time for kids to go to school, parents must decide what type of educational environment would be better for their child. The best solution is to find the perfect learning facility that the individual
It is about management, motivation, and instruction. Teachers need to know how to design their classroom so that the children are going to get the most efficient learning environment for them. For example, students who are visual learners or have attention problems, should sit near the front. Teachers must be experts in motivation. Students will be open to learning and want to learn if they are excited, happy, feel safe, and have confidence. Teachers must be instructional experts. Not all children learn the same way, teachers need to have the skill to give the same instruction in different ways so that all students
Rathunde, K., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2005). The social context of middle school: Teachers, friends, and activities in Montessori and traditional school environments. Elementary School Journal, 106, 59-79.
An educator is to provide a specially prepared environment that promotes activities that aid children in the teaching of themselves (Larson, 2010). They are to conduct this Montessori practice by being responsive to the children’s interests and needs. Once there are educational activities that relate to the children’s interests, the children are able to develop focus and concentration for sustained periods of time. As a result, educators are to be responsive and plan for extended, uninterrupted periods for the children to work (Larson, 2010). The teacher 's goal is to guide and support the children, allowing them to develop confidence and independence (Edwards, 2002). There are no formal lessons in the Montessori pedagogical practice; however there are intentional teachable moments. The educator waits and observes children, allowing them to explore concepts and materials before assisting the child and moving them to the next stage of development (Lillard & Else-Quest, 2006). These teachings are often in a small group setting or one-on-one and consist of the educator modelling an activity or material and build on the initial interest so that the children will later use that material independently (Feez,
In chapter five of his book, Mastery, Robert Greene (2012) outlines the way to find mastery. The first step to mastery is The Creative Path (Greene, 2012 p. 179). Greene states that becoming a master will not occur if you are easily swayed by setbacks or desire a life full of ease and comfort (Green, 2012 p. 179). When pursuing a creative endeavor one must pursue it with their whole being. Maria Montessori was able to achieve mastery despite the obstacles she faced. Montessori grew up in Italy and from an early age showed an interest in reading and academics, which differed from most females of her time (Adams, 1969, p. 49). Maria attended the University of Rome, much to the disdain of her father and the university, and in 1896 she became the first woman in Italy to graduate with a Doctor of Medicine degree. (Adams, 1969, p. 49; Solan, H. A. (2007) p. 61). Like a true master, Montessori did not stop pursuing knowledge in her field. Shortly after graduation she was introduced to a narrower field of medicine and in 1897 returned to the University of Rome to study pedagogy and education...
There are basic Montessori methods. They are: The teacher must pay attention to the child, rather than the child paying attention to the teacher, the child proceeds at his/her own pace in an environment controlled to provide means of learning, and Imaginative teaching materials are the hear...
The class I visited is comprised of 24 five and six year old children, a lead teacher and a ‘Para-Pro” who assists the teacher and provides support and guidance for the children. Within the classroom itself, there are 6 tables organized in the center of the room in a grid formation. Children have their own workspace at a shared table. Around the perimeter of the room are ‘centers’ where each day, the children work on tasks such as listening, story development, gross and fine motor skills, math, reading and other important skills that are needed to develop socially and academically. In several places on the walls, there are displays or ‘brag boards’ where children can post their work that they feel best represents their efforts. The walls are brightly decorated and are filled with pictures, letters, numbers and other basic elementary school information. It is energizing and interesting without being chaotic or overstimulating.
Across the world today, children, teenagers, and young adults attend school. Some come from wealthy families, some big families, and others from homeless shelters. Some walk, some bike, some drive, and others bus to make it to classes. Some sit on rugs and floors, while others sit on desks.
From my observations week by week I have noticed the teacher differentiates learning to help her students engage using their personal interest and attitudes towards school. For example one of the students Darian is not asked to sit on the rug like the rest of the students as he is more focused when he is sitting in a desk rather than on the rug. Because Ms. Diaz has had this specific student for the second year she understands that he functions better in his seat than he does on the rug. I also realized the teacher sets goals for her students giving them the sense of feelings that they have control over their learning and what is being taught in their classrooms. Because Ms. Diaz is a big supporter on peers helping one another, the students
By asking each student questions it shows the teacher if the child understands what has been taught. Parents are aware of everything a child is doing in school because teachers and parents have meetings to show what their children have been doing in school, saving all their work in a portfolio and parents will be told about their child’s performance. Something that is different from most schools is that Montessori has children of different ages in the same classes. These children collaborate together to talk about different things, helping each other out using skills that people need to be successful in life. Montessori uses different materials when teaching their students to have all the children interested and engaged using the five senses, sight, smell touch, taste, hearing. Many children now have to be constantly doing something and can not sit still all the time. This is why children who go to a montessori school enjoy it because they have the freedom to move around the classroom freely without being forced to stay in a
Usually, students go away to the college or university of their dream to further their education and to learn to live on their own. However, many pupils are realizing that they don’t have to go far, or let alone leave their bedroom to get their education. Students are staying at home as they get their education instead of going to another state. Education has converted to being a lot more moldable, and students can go back and forth from home to school or even do online classes. The positivity factors include not having to pay for living quarters and the tuition of staying at home is way less then leaving. Even with all of these differences students are still faced with decision of staying home or
In high school, students are responsible to get high grades in order to enter university and then choose their major. In school, students cannot pick the courses they want to study because it is mandatory. Class timing in high school is fixed and is schedules are not flexible. Most high school students are dependent on their teachers as well as their parents to remind them of their responsibilities. In university, on the other hand, students grow as individuals and they become independent. Their responsibility towards education becomes more valued to themselves because they are studying their desired major. Students must pick the courses that they are willing to study for every semester based on a guide. Not only that, but also they can choose the timings of the classes that suit them. University students are more aware of their own duties and responsibilities toward their studies. Therefore, they do not need parents reminding them of their own
There are slow learners as well as a mixture of fast learners in every classroom. These should be taken into consider and activities should be planned accordingly so that slow learners will not left behind and fast learners will not be bored. There are students with learning difficulties which will affect the teaching learning process. These should be taken into consider and teachers need to avoid things happening which as an effect in the teaching learning process. Behavior such as disruptive and destructive shows similar characteristics. These behaviors need to be discussed with the parents and necessary actions need to be taken to create a good atmosphere in the class. Also teachers will be able to identify different cognitive levels and learning styles. Some students learn through audio, some need to see visually while some of them learn by writing. So as teachers we need to have all these learning styles in a lesson to fulfill each individual. Planning should be done accurately which helps in the teaching learning process. Teachers play a great role in handling different children in the classroom. To build up an effective teaching process, these facts need to be taken into consideration. Teachers could think of different ways that they can implement in the classroom in the process of teaching and learning. Group method is one of the main teaching
At the beginning of one’s journey of gaining more knowledge, most children don’t mind school, for it is a change of environment for them. The majority of elementary school adolescents even enjoy school to some degree. As time wears on, we usually, and sadly, begin to see a change of heart. Children become fatigued from school and therefore don’t take pleasure in going anymore. Maybe their teachers didn’t teach them in the way that they learn most efficiently, or maybe students just become bored with the whole “school scene” itself. Whatever the case, it is apparent that by the time they reach high school, their interest for learning alone has died out.