Models of Health

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Recommended: Differences between biomedical models of health

Diabetes Melitus Type 2 (T2DM) from the biomedical model and social models of health have important differences. This paper illustrates that the sociological approach to T2DM goes beyond the pathophysiology of the biomedical model and is founded on the premise that social factors impact health. An overview of the biomedical model and discussion of T2DM within this model is followed by a description of the sociological model with a discussion of T2DM within this model. Evidence will support the assertion that using a sociological approach will add to the understanding of the sociological factors contributing to the development of T2DM. The biomedical model of health has its foundations in Pasteurs (1822-1896) germ theory with Koch's (1843-1910) refinement to specific causative factors resulting in specific diseases (Germov, 2009, p. 11; Saggers & Gray, 2007, pp. 3-4). This singularity of cause became the basis of the biomedical model. Further based around the Cartesian theory of disease as a dysfunction of the body or it's parts as separate to the mind. Illness is considered to be independant of social or psychological influences; rather it is a deviance from objective measurements of normality (Germov, 2009, pp. 10 -11; White, 2004, p. 29). Individual behaviour known as social agency dominates the biomedical model, ignoring the structural aspects of individual lifestyle (Cockerham, 2005, pp. 51 & 53). T2DM from the perspective of the biomedical model looks at pathophyiological changes (i.e. dysfunctional pancreas) resulting in defective production and/or use of insulin in the body (Diabetes Australia, 2013, para. 2; Raphael, et al., 2003, p. x). The strengths of this model focuses on diagnosis, symptomatic management (i.e. medica... ... middle of paper ... ..., Willenberg, L ., Polkinghorne, K. R., ... Shaw, J. E. (2012). AusDiab:The Australian diabetes, obesity, and lifestyle study. Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute. Retrieved from hhtps://www.bakeridi.edu.au/Assets/Files/BakerIDIAusDiabReport_ interactive_FINAL.pdf White, K. (2002). An introduction to the socialiology origins of health and illness. London: Sage Publications Ltd. White, K. (2004). The social origins of illness and the development of the sociology of health. In C. Grbich (Ed.), Health in Australia : sociological concepts and issues (3rd ed.), (pp. 29-42). Sydney: Pearson/Longman. Willis, K & Elmer, S. (2007).Society, culture and health: An introduction to sociology for nurses. Melbourne:Oxford university press. World Health Organisation (WHO). (2014). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/

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