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Socio economic factors impact on health
Socio economic factors impact on health
Cultural dimensions of health
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The World Health Organization, emphasizes that health is a complex concept that involves the health of a person’s body and mind, and also the quality of the social environment where they live. The state of a person's social environment can affect their physical and mental health, drawing a line under the importance of social factors for both aspects of our overall well-being. Interactionist sociologists say that the definition of health is down to subjective influence and how each individual interprets it, for instance if two people are suffering with the same pain one may not experience it as bad as the other (Browne, 2013). Dubos and pine (1980) (cited by Browne, 2013) outline that work demands are different dependent on the profession. …show more content…
ADHD has now become medicalized and is treated with medication. The biomedical or medical model of health, is a scientific measure of health and regards disease as the human body having a ‘breakdown’ due to biological reasons, such as bacteria, virus, excessive amounts of dopamine within the brain. A patient is seen as a body that is functioning adequately and can be handled, explored and treated independently from their mind and other external considerations. The biomedical model of health is present in modern Western societies it underlines the policies and practices of the NHS and is what defines the health care services. The medical model uses scientific approaches to health which have replaced older, more traditional approaches. Medical practitioners can train for a minimum of 7 years, and the biomedical model continues to maintain that they are the only people suitable to deal with us when we become sick. Hospitals and clinical environments have specialist medical equipment, and is where treatment should be given and …show more content…
Social and environmental factors have shown patterns within health. For instance people that are from lower classes tend to make poorer life choices, such as smoking, unhealthy diet and not getting enough exercise. Giddens (2009) suggests that these life choices are a result of financial difficulty. People from lower classes are less likely to be able to afford the same access to facilities such as gyms, and even clinics for medical treatment. The cultural explanations for poor health places the blame on the individual themselves. It says that the lower classes prefer to live a less healthy lifestyle, by suggesting that those who work in shops or factory’s are less likely to see activity in the evenings after work due to being on their feet all day compared to somebody who works in an office. However we shouldn't judge a book by its cover, some individuals if they could afford it would choose a healthier
According to the World Health Organisation (2017) the social determinants of health are defined as the conditions where people are born, grown, work and live, which also includes the health system. The social determinants of health determined populations health’s outcomes and therefore linked with health inequalities (WHO, 2017)
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are increasingly becoming a major problem of Public Health around the World. The impact of resources and material deprivation among people and populations has resulted in an increase in mortality rate on a planetary scale. Social determinants of health are defined as the personal, social, economic and the environmental conditions which determines the health status of an individual or population (Gardner, 2013). Today’s society is characterized by inequalities in health, education, income and many other factors which as a result is becoming a burden for Public Health around the world. Research studies have shown that the conditions in which people live and work strongly influenced their health. Individuals with high levels of education and fall within the high income bracket turn to have stable jobs, live in the best neighborhood and have access to quality health care system than individuals who have low education and fall with the low income bracket. This paper is to explain different social determinants of health and how they play ...
a major problem with the biomedical model is the way that it fails to explain the cultural differences in health. it cannot account for people in different cultures who use a different model to deal with their health and yet it appears to work for them.
Wilkinson, R.G. & Marmot, M.G. 2003, Social determinants of health: the solid facts, World Health Organization.
The notion of health is contextual and an interactive, dynamic process between person and environment (Schim et al, 2007). Both wellness and illness are conceptualized by the ‘person’, existing on a continuum across the lifespan (Arnold & Boggs, 2001).
The socio-medical model helps educate people. This is a strength because it helps avoid individuals to get the illness. For example, if communities are educated about obesity,
The different models to health all use different principles. The biomedical model concentrates on the physical and biological aspect of a disease. Doctors and health professionals practice this model. This model is associated with the diagnosis, treatment and cure of the disease. This model evolves as times goes
The biomedical model of health has been criticised because it fails to include the psychological and social causes relating to an individual’s medical illness or health, looking only at the biological causes (Giddens and Sutton, 2013). Therefore, sociologists being aware of the impacts of social structure and lifestyle on health have put in various efforts to place the study of ‘the social’ at the core of health and healthcare examination.
Two types of illnesses related to this are chronic illness (lasting/terminal) and acute illness (minor e.g. the flu). Criticism of the mechanistic model is that it is slightly simplistic and may not always apply because the body cannot always be repaired. The second model is the 'Naturalistic Model', which refers to the notion of equilibrium. In order for the body to remain healthy, there must be a balance. Chinese medicine relies greatly on this notion i.e.
This also requires the person to be socially and economically productive in order to be seen as healthy. According to Mildred Blaxter (1990), there are different ways of defining health. Furthermore, disease can be seen as the presence of an abnormality in part of the body or where there is a harmful physical change in the body such as broken bones. So, illness is the physical state of disease, that is to say, the symptoms that a person feels because of the disease. However, there is some limitation of these definitions which is not merely an absence of disease but a state of physical, mental, spiritual and social wellbeing.
It is fairly difficult to define health as there are no agreements between scholars. This is why many sociologists focus their research on the different issues and problems of ill health.
The health of an individual and their communities is affected by several elements which combine together. Whether an individual is healthy or not, is determined by their circumstances and environment.1 To a greater extent, factors such as where an individual lives, their relationships with family and friends, the state of their environment, income, genetics and level of education all have significant impacts on health, however the more frequently considered factors such as access and use of health care facilities regularly have less of an impact.6 Determinants of health is a term which was introduced in the 1970s as part of a broader analysis of research and policy on public health. Researchers argued that there was a lot of attention and too much expenditure on health being dedicated to individuals and their illnesses, and little or no investment in populations and their health. It was decided that public health should be more concerned with social policies and social determinants than with health facilities and the outcomes of diseases.7 The determinants of health include social and economic environment, physical environment and an individual’s behaviour and characteristics. The environment of an individual determines their health, holding responsible an individual for having poor health or acknowledging them for good health is inappropriate. Individuals are not likely to be able to control several of the determinants of health. These determinants that make individuals healthy or not include the factors above, and numerous others.6
Introduction: For this essay I am going to critically discuss the biomedical model as well as the social model of health and how they both relate to the lay perspectives on health and illness.
Biomedical sciences are the set of applied branch of life and natural sciences, which is used for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of human diseases. There are various streams of biomedical science including human biology, pathology, biochemistry, molecular & cell biology, genetics, pharmacology, immunology, applied or clinical chemistry, microbiology, epidemiology, and biomedical engineering. Modern advancements in medicine depends a lot on the work of biomedical scientists. However, the subject is NOT a substitute for Medicine.
Health is described as physical and mental well-being and freedom from disease, pain or defect. However, such descriptions only superficially define the actual meaning of health. There may be many occasions when individuals are not necessarily ill or in pain but may be overweight, stressed or emotionally unstable. Health is a quality of life involving dynamic interaction and interdependence among the individual’s physical state, their mental and emotional reactions, and the social context in which the individual exists. There are many factors that influence your health, but three major components contribute to general well-being: Self-awareness, a balanced diet and, regular physical activity.