There is a fundamental problem with the democratic process in Canada. This problem is rooted within our electoral system. However, there is a promising solution to this issue. Canada should adopt the mixed-member proportional representation electoral system (MMP) at the federal level if we wish to see the progression of modern democracy. The failure to do so will result in a stagnant political system that is caught in the past and unable to rise to the contemporary challenges that representative democracies face. If Canada chooses to embrace the MMP electoral system it will reap the benefits of greater proportionality, prevent the centralization of power that is occurring in Parliament and among political parties through an increased emphasis on cooperation, and the government will attain greater legitimacy with the ability to positively influence the representation of minority groups.
Canada’s current electoral system is referred to as single-member plurality (SMP), or first-past-the-post (FPTP). The structure is fairly simple. One candidate is elected in each of the 308 ridings across the country. The candidate that receives the most votes in each riding wins (Law Commission 2). No majority of votes is necessary, securing a plurality of votes provides the winning candidate with one-hundred percent of the representation in their constituency. A report prepared by the Law Commission of Canada, with assistance from professionals in a number of fields, such as the esteemed political scientist Dr. Paul Nesbitt-Larking, took on the task of analyzing possible paths of electoral reform. It concluded that Canada’s political, cultural and economic reality has changed substantially since Confederation, and that adding an eleme...
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The electoral system in Canada has been utilized for over a century, and although it has various strengths which have helped preserve the current system, it also has glaringly obvious weaknesses. In recent years, citizens and experts alike have questioned whether Canada’s current electoral system, known as First Past the Post (FPTP) or plurality, is the most effective system. Although FPTP is a relatively simple and easy to understand electoral system, it has been criticized for not representing the popular vote and favouring regions which are supportive of a particular party. FPTP does have many strengths such as simplicity and easy formation of majority governments, however, its biggest drawback is that it does not proportionally represent
Policy-makers are not bound by citizen’s opinions ¬– unless it is a binding referenda – and yet public participation is said to help “reverse the growing democratic deficit, foster citizenship and community capacity, and promote responsive and effective policy decisions” (Woodford and Preston 346). These “improvements,” in practice, raises a larger question: should Members of Parliament be voting in accordance with party politics or those of their constituents? Since the effective inclusion of citizens opinions “requires that public administrators and policy makers be committed to genuinely considering [this] input in policy analysis and decision-making” (347). Without a commitment to the collective voice, citizens may not be any better off. This calls into question whether a decrease in voter turn out is associated with the lack of influence citizens feel they really have in policy-making and the larger Canadian picture.
The issue of electoral reform has become more important than ever in Canada in recent years as the general public has come to realize that our current first-past-the-post, winner-take-all system, formally known as single-member plurality (SMP) has produced majority governments of questionable legitimacy. Of the major democracies in the world, Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom are the only countries that still have SMP systems in place. Interestingly enough, there has been enormous political tension and division in the last few years in these countries, culminating with the election results in Canada and the USA this year that polarized both countries. In the last year we have seen unprecedented progress towards electoral reform, with PEI establishing an electoral reform commissioner and New Brunswick appointing a nine-member Commission on Legislative Democracy in December 2003 to the groundbreaking decision by the British Columbia Citizen’s Assembly on October 24, 2004 that the province will have a referendum on May 17, 2005 to decide whether or not they will switch to a system of proportional representation. This kind of reform is only expected to continue, as Ontario Premier Dalton McGuinty decided to take BC’s lead and form an independent Citizen’s Assembly with the power to determine whether or not Ontario will have a referendum regarding a change to a more proportional system. There is still much work to do however, and we will examine the inherent problems with Canada’s first-past-the-post system and why we should move into the 21st century and switch to a form of proportional representation.
The contentious little book titled Women, Power, Politics maintains politics to be devalued, acknowledging the fact that only few people do vote, and women are unable to achieve within the realm of Canadian politics. Sylvia Bashevkin, the author of the book argues that Canadians have a profound unease with women in positions of political authority, what she calls the "women plus power equals discomfort" equation. She evaluates a range of barriers faced by women who enter politics, including the media's biased role of representing the private lives of women in politics, and she wonders why citizens find politics is underrepresented in Canada compared to Belgium. In clear, accessible terms, Bashevkin explains her ideas on how to eliminate “low voters turn-out,” “devaluation of politics,” "gender schemas," and "media framing.” She outlines some compelling solutions to address the stalemate facing women in Canadian politics which are; contesting media portrayals, changing the rule of the game, improving legislative quotas, electoral reform, movement renewals, and so on. This response paper would addresses the reality of a political mainstream, actions which should be taken against the oppressive elements of reality, and the awareness it brings through economic, social, and political environment.
Proportional representation is almost always acknowledged as the fairest electoral system. With this in mind, many still reject a mixed member proportional system. Critics argue that the current method has produced a stable and effective government, while MMP would create an ineffective government. Wiseman feels that since Canada has been consistently stable, our electoral system does not need to be changed. Hiemstra and Jansen disagree with the plurality system that is currently in place for it does not produce fair representation and devalues citizen’s votes. Canadians must make a choice between the value of effectiveness and the values of justice and equity. Although a switch is not anticipated in the near future, Canadian citizens can hope that it is at least in the minds of many voters and on the discussion list of the government.
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... idea of Parliamentary Sovereignty: The Controlling Factor of Legality in the British Constitution’ (2008) OJLS 709.
Proportional representation system is an alternative voting system that Canada should really consider as it would be beneficial. Proportional system is a type of electoral system that produces a representative body which ensures that the voters are represented in the body according to how they voted (“Fair Vote Canada”, n.d). This voting system places more importance on creating an electoral result of votes corresponding with the amount of votes that were awarded in the legislature (“Canada in Comparative Perspective”, 2017, pg. 188). This is different from the First Past the Post voting system, where the candidate with the most votes doesn't always win and isn't always represented properly. According to Johnston (2001), this system presents
The role of senators in Canada is a widely debated topic in Canadian politics. Because it is one of the original chambers founded in Confederation, it has an extensive historical founding. That being said, the role of a senator has not changed much since then. In addition, the effectiveness of senatorial policies has wavered over time, but the systems within the Senate remain unchanged. What has changed, however, is the world surrounding the Senate. As Canada continues to grow and develop as a nation, the Senate has remained a constant in an ever-changing country. his paper will view the role of the senate and the general influence over policy changes through history from confederation to modern times. This paper will assess the changes in
Many political groups are considering in adapting Proportional Representations, however, many political groups aren’t fully aware of the consequences it may come with. Proportional Representation is the voting system where the percentage of votes a party gets is the number of seats they get, it is a system designed to give representatives the same amount of seats as the percentage of votes they received (What is Proportional Representation? (n.d.). Retrieved November 05, 2017). Many disadvantages and challenges may arise if Canada decides to have Proportional Representations in the political system, which is a recipe for disaster. The size of the population in a country plays a significant role in the political
On one hand, political constitutionalists argue that parliamentary sovereignty is the underlying principle in the British constitution as power and law making are bo...
There are three types of electoral systems that are generally used around the world. Majority electoral systems, plurality electoral systems, and proportional representation. The party list system, a sub category of proportional representation has long been assessed and analyzed by a number of groups to identify whether it has the potential to be successful. In particular, since its introduction in the 1850’s the single non-transferable vote or SNTV is one particular electoral system that has been evaluated. SNTV is a system that is utilized for use in multi-member elections and can be used for both provincial and legislative systems. Through a careful investigation it can be seen that SNTV is similar in many aspects to other electoral systems and in which ways politicians politick. Yet, SNTV also influences some different types of politicking by politicians as a result of the way in which votes are tallied.
In conclusion, MMP has completely redefined the process of government formation. With the flourish of small parties, a diverse spectrum of political opinions is frequently voiced in Parliament. Due to its entailment for parties to compete for every single vote, MMP also terminated the history of under-representation of women, ethnic minorities and special interest groups. It is fair to say, an epoch marked by social and political parliamentary diversity has began.
Canada’s current electoral system is based on a plurality voting system also known as “First Past the Post.” The candidate in each constituency that wins with the most votes wins a seat in the House of Commons. There have been many ongoing debates about this system and although there are many advantages that come with it, the disadvantages still outweigh them. One major advantage of the current system is that it is easy to understand. It is a simple method for the voters since all they have to do is mark a single check mark next to their preferred candidate. Also, it is simple to make a record of the results. First Past the Post is also thought to be a fair system, however, it is not proportional and excludes smaller parties. Members can also