Spain was once of the powerful nations in Europe. However, by the 20th century it was poor and backwards country where corruption was experienced on a commonly basis. After losing its overseas possessions Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and Philippines during the Spanish-American War Spain was in a state of political tension due extreme measures of wealth, poverty and clearly social tensions. Essentially Spain was a deeply divided country during this time although it was a constitutional monarchy during 1920. During this year King Alfonso XIII remained as the royal figurehead however, Miguel Primo de Rivera was the dictator. The tension was between the right-wing Nationalists and left-wing Republican parties. The nationalist’s party was made up of monarchists, landowners, employers, the Roman Catholic Church and the army. The Republicans consisted of the workers, trade unions, socialists, and peasants. The nationalists were described as traditionalists and fascists, while the republicans were socialists and communists. The real political tension started occurring post 1930 when growing opposition to Miguel Primo de Rivera right-wing government started growing rapidly and leading to his resignation. Miguel Primo de Rivera was not able to solve Spain’s financial disaster from the result of the Great Depression, where unemployment rates increased drastically and Rivera never provided any solutions. Miguel was so unsuccessful throughout his dictatorship even the army refused to support his dictatorship. This then concluded in republican receiving the majority of the election votes, throwing out King Alfonso XIII the following year. The abdication of the King was the turning point; where Spain was now considered the Republic of Spa...
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...itain and the U.S. For Stalin, who was concerned about the German and Italian helping the rebels it was weight of his shoulders.
As the International Brigade and the Soviet Union assisted the defense of the Republic Army, the African Army and the Rebels officially on October 1936. Franco originally has a hard time conquering Madrid, which lead to him bombing the city. This bombardment on civilian population was one of the first in history. The battle of Madrid lasted until March 1939. Although there are other major battles throughout the war the previously mentioned were the most impactful since they allowed Franco to gain power, and stay ahead of the Republic Army. After the battle of Madrid the longest battle was The Battle of Ebro was considered the longest and bloodiest battle of the Spanish Civil War that took place between July and November 1938.
“We are never more truly and profoundly human than when we dance.” Jose Arcadio Limon was a dancer and choreographer born and raised in Mexico. He was inspired to begin his studies in modern dance when he saw a performance of Harald Krutzberg and Yvone Georgi. Limon enrolled at the dance school of Doris Humphrey and Charles Weidman. He continued to work with Humphrey until 1946, when he founded the José Limón Dance Company. His most successful work is called The Moor's Pavane and it is based on Shakespeare's Othello. The Limón Dance Company still exists and is part of the Jose Limon Dance Foundation, an institution dedicated to preserve and disseminate his artistic dance work and technique. Jose Limon is important in the American Dance History
Many countries have the pleasure of celebrating Independence Days. These historic holidays are filled with nationalistic celebrations and delicious traditional food. In Chile, the natives celebrate their break from Spain with Fiestas Patrias. In Mexico, the president begins the celebration by ringing a bell and reciting the “Grito de Dolores” and he ends his speech by saying “Viva Mexico” three times.
Through the study of the Peruvian society using articles like “The “Problem of the Indian...” and the Problem of the Land” by Jose Carlos Mariátegui and the Peruvian film La Boca del Lobo directed by Francisco Lombardi, it is learned that the identity of Peru is expressed through the Spanish descendants that live in cities or urban areas of Peru. In his essay, Mariátegui expresses that the creation of modern Peru was due to the tenure system in Peru and its Indigenous population. With the analyzation of La Boca del Lobo we will describe the native identity in Peru due to the Spanish treatment of Indians, power in the tenure system of Peru, the Indian Problem expressed by Mariátegui, and the implementation of Benedict Andersons “Imagined Communities”.
The history of political instability in Mexico and its need for revolution is very complex and dates back to the colonization of Mexico by the Spaniards in the 1500s. However, many aspects of the social situation of Mexico when the Revolution broke out can be attributed to the thirty-year dictatorship of President Porfrio Diaz, prior to 1911. The Revolution began in November of 1910 in an effort to overthrow the Diaz dictatorship. Under the Diaz presidency, a small minority of people, primarily relatives and friends, were in ...
Max Gallo’s ‘Spain Under Franco’ is a comprehensive work that attempts to provide an overview of the living conditions and political dynamics in Franco’s Spain. Gallo makes extensive efforts to detail the brutal totalitarian nature of the state by saying that ‘the reprisals and executions which went on long after victory had been won [by Franco in the civil war] mark an undeniable retrogression for any civil society governed by traditional norms of law’.1 In addition, Gallo explains why Spain drifted towards an authoritarian form of government in the aftermath of World War Two instead of a democracy as Italy had done by arguing that ‘there was literally no social stratum capable of envisaging the replacement of Francoism by a democracy of
In September of 1942, the German commander of the Sixth Army, advanced his troops to the city of Stalingrad where Hitler ordered the Wehrmacht to secure the oil fields and take Stalingrad. Stalingrad was a target location due to its manufacturing and center of communications for parts of Russia. Hitler had extra motivation to take Stalingrad because the significance of the name, it was named after the Soviet Russian leader Stalin. Russia had been war torn and devastated from previous attacks and battles from the Germans, they knew they had to persevere and hang on along enough to defeat the German Army. The Soviets did have somewhat of a warning of the German attack, they shipped out cattle, grain, and other main supplies, but most of the civilians stayed. Hitler was very confident he could take this city down without losing major causalities. While Hitler was planning the attack the Soviet Marshall Zhukov was planning a major counterattack. Marshall Zhukov had 6 armies of 1 million men ready to attack the Germans. Both the Germans and Soviets had flaws in their attacks but, t...
Manuel Maria Ponce is “one of Mexico’s most beloved figures in the world of classical music” (Encyclo.com). Ponce was born in Fresnillo, Mexico in 1882 and he died in Mexico City in 1948. Ponce was twelfth child of his parents, Felipe de Jesus Ponce Leon and María de Jesus Cuellar. Felipe de Jesus Ponce Leon fought in during Mexico’s revolution in 1867. Maria de Jesus Cuellar loved music and urged her children to learn it. Ponce received his first musical lesson when he was five years old by his sister Josefina whom was in the Templo de San Diego (St. Diego’s Temple) choir. When he was 12 years old the Cathedral of Aguascalient3es appointed him organist. This was the beginning for his carrier in music.
In order to understand the effects of the Spanish Civil War, the atmosphere of Spain prior to 1936 needs to be understood as well. Spain, unlike major European powers, never experienced a bourgeois revolution and was therefore still dominated by a significant aristocracy. However, Spain had gone through several civil wars and revolutions making violence one of the most common devices for change. It, also, had undergone several cycles of reform, reaction from the opposition, and reversal by military uprising led by a dictator before 1936 (Preston 18).
Levi Ponce was an American with Salvadorean roots from his father, Hector Ponce, and Guatemalan roots from his mother. He was born in 1987 in Pacoima in the San Fernando Valley. At an early age, Levi Ponce was surrounded by art. His father was a sign maker, so Levi helped his father complete many of the signs made. Helping his father allowed Levi to exhibit many artworks and designs along Los Angeles. Since, Levi was surrounded by art at a young age, he decided to remain in the art world. As he got older, he applied to California State University of Northridge, where he received his bachelor's degree in animation in 2009. As two years past, Levi finally decided to start creating art. In order to make a change with his art, he decided to start creating murals back in his community of Pacoima. He wanted to change the negative attention Pacoima
The Spanish Civil War broke out due to the political consequences of the failed dictatorship of General Primo De Rivera, the weaknesses in the Coalition Government of 1931 and all other following governments and the constant failures of the acting government leading in strikes and resentment from the Spanish people. General Primo De Rivera’s failed dictatorship led to the emergence of extreme political parties and the need for these parties to counteract the failed policies of Rivera. Had Rivera’s dictatorship been successful then there would have been no weak coalition government and therefore less division and resentment among Spaniards and a Civil War may have been prevented or ...
Ever since the Spanish Civil War of the 1930’s, discussions over separatism in Spain have been dealt with very carefully. When the Spanish Civil War ended in 1939, after 9 years of fighting, Francisco Franco took over control of the state. Under Franco’s regime, the Catalan people were suppressed. In cross cultural communication, this strategy of Franco can be compared to the concept of the ethnic tent. Franco, the leader of the tent, tried to unite all Spaniards under his common goals and ideals. However, Franco viewed the Catalans and their culture as a threat to his vision of a united Spain. The response of Franco was overreaction. Oftentimes this is how the leader of the ethnic tent responds to so-called “threats” from external parties or force...
Families enter into partnerships in the 1600 to gain wealth religion was one of many opportunities to conduct business. The inquisition cause deceptive action among everyone, having to conceal their identities was the only way they could survive in the trading diaspora. Today much has not change on the trade market deceitfulness has always been a part of doing business in the eyes of a person who is greed. Miguel was a man who aspired to get out of debit and to become wealthy by any means he operated in a trade diaspora on the exchange market. It was important to Miguel that he restore his name and reputation when Miguel moved to Amsterdam he knew he would achieve his goals as well as maneuver in the market as a Jew. Amsterdam was known to be a fee country. Chances were very slim anyone would discover he was catholic because he spent time alone practicing Hebrew and learning how to read and right. When Miguel investment in whale oil his only hopes was to get out of debit but little did he know Parido was out to destroy him?
The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. On one side (the Nationalist) were most Roman Catholics, important elements of the military, most landowners, and many businessmen. On the other side (the Republican) were urban workers, most agricultural labourers, and many of the educated middle class. Politically their differences often found extreme and vehement expression in parties such as the fascist-oriented Falange and the militant anarchists. Between these extremes were other groups covering the political spectrum from monarchism and conservatism through liberalism to socialism, including a small communist movement divided among followers of the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin and his archrival, Leon Trotsky. In 1934 there was widespread labour conflict and a bloody uprising by miners in Asturias that was suppressed by troops led by General Francisco Franco. A succession of governmental crises culminated in the elections of February 16, 1936, which brought to power a Popular Front government supported by most of the parties of the left and opposed by the parties of the right and what remained of the centre.
As the different governments could not solve the various problems of this time many opponents of the republics saw their opportunity to become the powerful man. We have coups both in Germany and Spain in this time. For instance we have the Kapp-Lüttwitz putsch and Hitler-putsch in Germany in the years 1920 and 1923 both from the extreme right side of the political spectrum. Additionally a dictatorship was established through constitutional measures in Bavaria in 1923. There is a comparable situation in inter-war Spain as there were several coups as well but in contrast to Germany there was one coup that was successful, namely the coup of General Miguel Primo de Rivera in 1923 as he staged a riot and was then supported by the king. This dictatorship
The purpose of the death penalty is to increase the cost of crime, so that people who have criminal tendencies when considering the costs and benefits of crime due to high cost and give up crime. If you kill a person needs to pay the price just to life imprisonment , that will emerge a number of killer killed a man, then he smiled and said, after a few years, I was released from prison is still a hero. Offenses and penalties disproportionately severe punishment contrary to the principle of consistency. How about the dead who pay for their Innocent lives? Did we considered the rights of victims and their families and feel it? Your loved ones have been killed, perhaps even rape and murder, killing your loved one, be able to spend enough to live comfortably the rest of his life for decades, because the prison also have human rights, a lot of criminals than he had in the community