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Political instability of the weimar republic
Weimar Germany, 1919–1929
Weimar Germany, 1919–1929
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As the different governments could not solve the various problems of this time many opponents of the republics saw their opportunity to become the powerful man. We have coups both in Germany and Spain in this time. For instance we have the Kapp-Lüttwitz putsch and Hitler-putsch in Germany in the years 1920 and 1923 both from the extreme right side of the political spectrum. Additionally a dictatorship was established through constitutional measures in Bavaria in 1923. There is a comparable situation in inter-war Spain as there were several coups as well but in contrast to Germany there was one coup that was successful, namely the coup of General Miguel Primo de Rivera in 1923 as he staged a riot and was then supported by the king. This dictatorship …show more content…
There is a political instability in all three countries traceable in the high fluctuation of governments and the threats of the republics from both left and right. Furthermore we can say that over time there is more and more a confrontation between left and right, it seems as if the center parties are not present in this time and this can be proved with the help of the election results for instance in Germany where the extreme parties gain more and more votes whereas the moderate center parties lose more and more, in Spain left and right fight against each other in the civil war and in France there were two major alliances in the general elections of 1936. Though there was no direct confrontation between a united left against a united right in Germany because the hostility between communists and social democrats was too strong.
Moreover all countries are affected by the Great Depression as it generates major problems like high unemployment rates and we can see that no party ever in power in the three countries know how handle this situation best. The deflation policy, used in all of the three countries, worsened the situation of many parts of the population more and more and so all three countries had to face major social upheavals, riot, strikes and revolts which often turned out to be violent and led to several
Adolf Hitler, born in 1889, is an Austrian born man who is known for his instigation and participation in the Nazi Political movement, or genocide, known as the Holocaust. Throughout his later life, Hitler spent the majority of his time organizing discriminatory laws that prevented Jewish citizens’ basic rights and ultimately their demise. However, before he advanced such laws and politics, he served as the Head of State, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, until he became the Fuhrer of Germany’s Third Reich which began in 1933 and ended in 1945 (Jewish Virtual Library). His actions were fueled by an unrelenting and strict hate for the Jewish community, better known as anti-Semitism, much like the vast majority of Eastern countries. Both
When Hitler and the Nazi Party first entered power, they proposed strict and unimaginably radical policies. Their goal as the dominant political power was to create a “pure” German society. The idea of a “pure” German society stemmed from the idea that certain racial groups and ethnicities were undesirable and inferior. With that in mind, they sought to completely eliminate, through annihilation tactics, Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, biracial children, handicapped citizens, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and any other individual(s) who opposed their radical ideologies. However, the most questionable part of these tactics was how and why the Nazis chose them. Of the many ways dictators and corrupt governments had tortured their citizens in the past, why was Hitler determined that the Einsatzgruppen, ghettos, and concentration camps were going to be the methods of choice to mass murder the Jewish people. Robert Payne notes in his book The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler that Hitler was not satisfied with a gruesome murder of the Jewish race. He preferred them to die in agony and complete humiliation. Methods of mass murder such as killing squads (the Einsatzgruppen), ghettos, and concentration camps proved themselves as the perfect final solution. These tactics would exterminate Jews at an increasing rate while removing them of their respectable status.
The Left and Right at the Birth of Weimar Germany From the general chaos and unrest that followed the Kiel Mutiny in late 1918, the centre-left emerged to lead Germany into a new era of democracy. Philipp Scheidemann, a key figure in the moderate SDP, declared a Democratic Socialist Republic from a balcony in Berlin on 9th November 1918. However, the whole of Germany was not behind him, since simultaneously, and from a different Berlin balcony, Karl Liebknecht, leader of the communist Spartacists (KPD), declared a Soviet Republic.
The occurrence of the Great Depression was an inevitable economic disaster that was caused by a variety of reasons and events that happened in the U.S. and across the world. The lack of diversification was one of the main causes of the Great Depression as the dependence on only certain industries like the automobile industry began years before; and because of the prolonged success of such industries, their demise could not have been predicted. World War I was an event that had a major impact on the Great Depression because of the complexity of the international debt owed to the U.S, and the decline of international trade. In addition, the failure of the bank system and the reckless investments that banks, businesses and the American public made contributed to the manifestation of the Great Depression.
The Great Depression was in no way the only depression the country has ever seen, but it was one of the worst economic downfalls in the United States. As for North America and the United States, the Great Depression was the worst it had ever seen. In addition to North America, the Depression greatly affected Europe and other various countries throughout the world significantly during the 1920’s and 1930’s. The Great Depression was caused by the collapse of the Stock Market, which happened in October of 1929. The crash exhausted about forty percent of the paper values of common stocks. It was the worst depression due to the fact that at the time of the Great Depression the government involvement in the economy was higher than it had ever been. A unique government agency had been set up exclusively to prevent depressions and their related troubles for instance bank panics. All of ...
In his article Advice for a Dictator, German politician Joseph Goebbels wrote, “A dictatorship requires three things: a man, an idea, and a following ready to live for the man and the idea, and if necessary to die for them” (Goebbels). Here Goebbels states the bare minimum required for a dictatorship to rule a country, but for a dictatorship to run a country, it must have unity; dictators require a unified body of people to have power over, and a unified staff of advisors to help maintain that power (13). From 1976 to 1983, the Argentine Republic was ruled by a dictatorship formally known as the National Reorganization Process. The National Reorganization Process lacked unity, and thus, was a flawed dictatorship. In 1955 the National Reorganization Process led a military coup on Peron, the former president of Argentina. The coup succeeded and as a result, the National Reorganization Process was the governing body of Argentina, and the dictatorship was in full control of its people. However, soon after the coup, Argentina returned to a state of corruption due to a division of the population into left-wing guerrillas and right-wing militants (4, p. 366). This split of the population reduced the power of the dictatorship, and subsequently caused the Dirty War, a seven year internal conflict (5, p. 4-5). Following the split and the dictatorial loss of power, changes were made in the administration of the National Reorganization Process. The dictatorship of Argentina was run mostly independently...
Great Depression was one of the most severe economic situation the world had ever seen. It all started during late 1929 and lasted till 1939. Although, the origin of depression was United Sattes but with US Economy being highly correlated with global economy, the ill efffects were seen in the whole world with high unemployment, low production and deflation. Overall it was the most severe depression ever faced by western industrialized world. Stock Market Crashes, Bank Failures and a lot more, left the governments ineffective and this lead the global economy to what we call today- ‘’Great Depression’’.(Rockoff). As for the cause and what lead to Great Depression, the issue is still in debate among eminent economists, but the crux provides evidence that the worst ever depression ever expereinced by Global Economy stemed from multiple causes which are as follows:
The Great Depression led by many problems and caused many more. This is the time that many people were left with nothing, all because the economy had failed drastically. Americans lost their jobs, homes, and even family. Homelessness and unemployment were two of the biggest impacts the Depression had after all. The economy destroyed itself and everything else; it became a global issue and affected so much.
The Failure of the Munich Putsch The Munich-Putsch failed in 1932 for many reasons but all together poor planning was to blame because if the planning was perfect many of the things I would list wouldn't have happened. The MunichPutsch failed for these main reasons. Hitler and Ludendorff thought that it would be an easy task to take it over. Too many people knew about the attempt to take over the putsch.
The Second Spanish Republic was founded on April 14, 1931 with popular support. However, politics quickly became severely polarized to the Left or Right between 1931 and July 18, 1936. In the 1933 general election, CEDA (The Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right) which was founded by Gil Robles after fascist models made coalitions and garnered the largest support. (Preston 18, 62) In 1934...
Till this day there are countries that are still ruled by dictators, for example, North Korea. It is hard to believe that such a ruler existed back in that time, but sadly dictators like Trujillo still live to this day. An example would be in North Korea, where the current leader Kim Jong-Un is the successor of the previous dictator, Kim Jong-Il. Kim Jong-Il ruled North Korea during the 20th century.
The division of Germany into West Germany and East Germany emerged as a stopgap solution for the woeful state of the nation following its defeat in the Second World War. With the United States (US) ultimately gaining full control over West Germany, East Germany increasingly became alienated towards it, as it went under the influence of the Soviet Union (USSR). West Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), rapidly grew into one of the most politically and economically influential nations in Europe representing the democratic interests of the US in the region, while East Germany, officially the German Democratic Republic (GDR), went seemingly the other way. East Germans became increasingly disillusioned by the way their politicians have promoted communism in the GDR, characterized by oppressive measures and sheer inequality in living standards. The Stasi, the secret police unit of the GDR, closely monitored East Germans and purged those who are suspected or proven dissidents, while politicians of the nation enjoyed living standards that are way superior compared to the average East German. West Germans, on the other hand, enjoyed the benefits of political and economic reforms brought forth by the democratic influence of the US. Therefore, discontentment among East Germans increased the prospect of unification of the FRG and GDR – an issue that was never written off in consideration, only further complicated by political differences. Nevertheless, eventual unification of the FRG and GDR following the symbolic collapse of the Berlin Wall did not completely result to favorable circumstances, as problems that continued to alienate matters between the Western and Eastern sections of Germany remain unresolved (Brockman ...
The history of political instability in Mexico and its need for revolution is very complex and dates back to the colonization of Mexico by the Spaniards in the 1500s. However, many aspects of the social situation of Mexico when the Revolution broke out can be attributed to the thirty-year dictatorship of President Porfrio Diaz, prior to 1911. The Revolution began in November of 1910 in an effort to overthrow the Diaz dictatorship. Under the Diaz presidency, a small minority of people, primarily relatives and friends, were in ...
In as early as 1923, a military coup overtook the power from the monarchial government and replaced it with a military dictatorship. Miguel Primo de Rivera was officially the Prime Minister, and served under King Alfonso XIII, but in reality Rivera was more like a dictator with a puppet monarchy. In 1930, Rivera resigned when he no longer wanted to rule over such a deeply divided nation. Rumors circulated that perhaps he foresaw a civil war in the making, and wanted to leave power before they came after him. This would make sense, since the European world had just previously watched the dramatic and violent unfolding of the Russian Revolution.
From the very beginning, the mass of workers of Spain, both in the city and in the country were the decisive elements. When the students rioted before the universities in 1930 it was only when the workers joined them with a vast general strike that the regime of the military dictator, Primo de Rivera, fell and the temporary regime of General Berenguer set up. When General Berenguer tried to hold fake elections without extending the franchise to all, it was another general strike that overthrew the regime, compelled new elections, forced the king to flee and established the republic in April 1931.