Southeast Asia is certainly a region on the move. Internal and international migration flows are a key feature in this geographical setting. On the one hand, Southeast Asia is home of important work-related migration flows to other countries in the region which are demanding labour but also to international immigration areas, such as North America, the European Union and the Persian Gulf. On the other hand, Southeast Asia also attracts immigration, mostly intraregional. Intraregional migration is usually temporary and irregular, which has meant a major challenge for governments to manage migration in their territories.
In addition to the countries of origin and destination, some Asian countries are discovering a new role as transit migration countries. Without having to implement migration policies, they face significant challenges arising from the presence of people who, in their migratory path, reside in its territory before heading to its final destination in another country. Resurreccion explains (in Devasahayam, 2009,p. 31) that women are playing an increasingly important role in this context. Some of the reasons are the emergence of job opportunities for women in the services sector and tourism industry in the region, as well as their employment in garment and textile industries across national borders (ibid).
However, as Piper (2004, p. 217) points out foreign female workers are still channelled into "low-paying and low skilled service sector jobs that are socio-legally not recognised as work". Some of these legal conditions lead to vulnerability. According to the United Nations, vulnerability can be structural (when it arises from the existence of a power structure to which only some people participate) or cultural (e...
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...ocial isolation.
Vulnerability is an increasing threat to female migrants. Nevertheless, this phenomenon also affect men with low-skilled jobs who have clandestinely reached the recipient country facing salary reductions or even non-payments, maltreatment or violation of employment contracts. Resilience, or the ability to adapt to external changes, is difficult to increase in this context. On the positive side, NGOs have tried to protect migrants by creating networks that can strengthen their social resilience.
Asian countries are now facing the challenge of managing migration in an increasingly global and interconnected environment. Migration should be important for the political and social agenda of the Southeast Asian governments in the coming decades. The migration policy linkages with social and economic developmental policies confirm its crucial status.
Mankind often migrates to modern, rich, multicultural countries, towns with high economies and good standard of living such as Prague, Germany, London, Los Angeles, New York and Shanghai. I would like to draw on the city of Shanghai. Shanghai is one of the most developed cities in the world due to this many people come to the town to find work. During 1983 and 2000 years the number of migrant workers increased from 0.5 million people to 3.87 million people. A large percentage of migrant workers work in manufacturing (25.8%).
Some women come to the US and take any job that is available even if it means doing long hours and not getting paid a lot of money. Corporations travel over to third-world countries and hire women to do small jobs in large factories for little to no pay. They only hire a certain type of woman. In “Introduction: Disposable Women and Other Myths of Global Capitalism” the author touches on the subject of the treatment of the third-world woman and what companies expect from her: “This woman turns into a form of industrial waste, at which point she is discarded and replaced.” (Wright, 6) Once this woman has become old and no longer able to perform the task that she was hired for originally, the company throws her out and simply replaces her with another woman. The third world woman has a sad destiny of coming to the US and dealing with the unfair treatment of companies that do not even appreciate their work.
...dward Taylor. “Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium”. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.print
Firstly to justify why countries limit their immigrations, there should be knowledge of the different types of immigrants as there are different reasons to leave from one country and move into another. In the last 30 years, the number of international immigrants has been estimated 191 million worldwide, two times as before. As ...
African-American history in the Twentieth Century is best summarized by both the Civil Rights Movement, and the lesser known Great Migration, in which a large number of them made a move north, west, or overseas, between the years of 1910 and 1940. The broadest reason for this movement is the Jim Crow laws of the south, in which many of the regulations that were harmful towards those parties, whom were already affected by the institution of slavery within recent memory, were instituted. However, this is far from the only cause, of which there are many that span a wide range of reasons: the WWI economic boom, geographic mobility, and the racial antagonism faced on a widespread basis. The actual migration of African-Americans themselves is nothing new, as Sarah-Jane Mathieu notes in her work on the subject, “Movement has always characterized the African-American experience.”1 Whether it be the willful movement to the north for obtaining rights, or the plunder of these people from their homes, African-American Heritage is one of migration.
Migration is not just about arrival, but also departure and circulation’ (Raghuram and Erel, 2014, p. 150). Explain how different sorts of evidence in DD102 have been used to support this claim.
Migration has never been a one-way process of assimilation into a melting pot or a multicultural salad bowl, but one in which migrants, to varying degrees, are simultaneously embedded in the multiple sites and layers of the transnational social fields in which they live. This is also not a new phenomenon, but has shown signs of intensification in recent years due to globalization which allowed it to develop more easily than previously due to advancements in technology and
In terms of the media, men are both seen and heard much more than women are. Women’s biological events are typically not studied into vast detail. Furthermore, women of color are severely unnoticed in psychology research (30). An area in which women go especially unnoticed is domestic work. There are numerous women who immigrate from the Caribbean, Latin America, and other developing countries, to North America. Upon entering North America, these women work in areas where they provide domestic work, such as child care, until they can earn a green card. Matlin (2012) reports further, “They may be expected to work every day—with no time off and no health insurance—for a fraction of the minimum-wage salary. Many of the women report that their employers insult them, do not let them leave the house, and treat them much like modern-day slaves” (226). While this situation sounds like something that would occur in a third world country, it is occurring right in our own backyards. In addition to domestic work, numerous women and their families become involved with garment work. Many women go unnoticed working in sweatshops, where there are numerous labor laws regarding wages and working conditions violated daily. These sweatshops occur all over the world, from North America to Latin America. Matlin recalls a story from one of her students, saying, “Several months later, Ling’s mother began to work on a garment, without asking for the supervisor’s permission. The supervisor then punched Ling’s mother in the chest, and the family called the police to report the assault. The manager then fired the entire family” (226). It is shocking that women go unnoticed and unreported in these unethical and disturbing conditions. In addition to this, women often go unnoticed in health care. Throughout history, women have often been
The aforementioned requisites of Kafala system creates numerous possibilities for companies and employers to exploit and traffic employees. Accordingly, millions of migrants, mostly from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Indonesia and the Philippines, have been subjugated, abused, and harmed in what many people describe as “modern slavery.” Despite numerous changes within jurisdictions of the aforementioned countries, little progress has been made since the establishment of the Kafala system, largely attributed to the unawareness of this problem and the lack of willingness from GCC country governments. According to Jessica Caplin, “There is currently little NGO and civilian involvement in the struggle for greater rights” (Caplin, 2009, p. 32), asserting the fact that most civilians are unaware of this problem even in countries where sponsorship systems are implemented.... ... middle of paper ...
Asian immigrants have faced many obstacles transitioning to life in America. One major obstacle Asian immigrants came face to face with was receiving an education. Asians are known to place high value on learning and education, but many things stood in their way and hindered them from even receiving an education. Between Asian immigrants and Americans lie a language barrier, which is often seen as a set back. An example of this is Lac Su since he had to serve as a translator for his parents, which in turn affected his school work. He was forced to learn American culture and English at a faster rate than his parents because they were busy with their own responsibilities to the family. Another obstacle Asian Americans faced receiving an education was separate classrooms and segregated schools, as seen in the Tape v. Hurley case. The case followed the discrimination eight-year old Mamie Tape faced as she was denied admission to Spring Valley School on that grounds that she was of Chinese race. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Tape, however the Francisco Board of Education took it upon themselves to establish a separate school system specifically for Oriental children. Racially segregated schools deeply influence the student’s performance. Asian American children are taught different material and in a different style than their counterparts. These and many more obstacles impeded Asian Americans from receiving an education that they were entitled to.
DeParle, J. (2010, June 25). Global Migration: A World Ever More on the Move. The New
Females are targeted more than males due to their vulnerability, position as being lower than men, and the sexual preferences of society. Many cultures view woman as a possession used for sex and they do not have sexual rights to her own body. “Exploitative employers prefer to use trafficked women—traditionally seen as submissive, cheap, and pliable—for simple and repetitive tasks in agriculture, food processing, labor-intensive manufacturing, and domestic servitude” (US Department of State).
The developing world has been overwhelmed by major refugee crises in the past few decades, and a rapidly changing world has altered the dynamics of refugee flows and their root causes. For this reason, the authors of Escape From Violence: Conflict and the Refugee Crisis in the Developing World, attempt to provide a more realistic theoretical framework of refugee trends in order to prescribe ways in which the developed world can help alleviate the problem. The book attempts to clarify why there have been so many refugees emerging recently from the developing world, why they leave in varying volumes, where they end up, and why they go back or not. The findings indicate that patterns of refugee flows and conflict are affected by various economic and political factors within originating countries as well as the global setting itself, with different kinds of conflict producing different kinds of refugee patterns. This suggests the complexity of the causes of refugee issues, which include many examples of external influence and intervention.
bank, W. (2010). Migration and Skills: The Experience of Migrant Workers from Albania, Egypt, Moldova, and Tunisia. World Bank Publications.
However, the entry of women into labor force is not simple as could be. There is still a pr...