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Effects of peer pressure on adolescents
Effects of peer pressure on adolescents
Child development 0 - 19
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Middle childhood Reflection
My son BOB BOB is currently experiencing his middle childhood. He is smart, funny, competitive, full of energy, and independent. I have observed him trying out new things, He has become Mr. Social with peers and he appears to value their relationships. My wife recently got him a cell phone and his texts message his friends constantly, which speak to his enhanced fine motor skills. He also appears to take seriously his academic studies. He has participated in science exhibits and spelling contest. He is on his middle school basketball team, as well. All my sons at this time played sports as I have always felt this was a crucial time for develop of self-esteem and social graces. Sigmund Freud called this period the Latency stage and he suggested this period is when a child develops social interest and acquires intellectual skills (Broderick, & Blewitt, 2010). Erik Erikson in his theory considered this the industry vs. inferiority stage, he formularized that this is where a child acquires intellect or develops a sense of inferiority or failure if they are not accepted among peers (Sharf, 2008). Furthermore, Piaget claims that this period is when a child begins to reason, which he classified as the concrete operational stage (Broderick, & Blewitt). He also suggests that children start to think in the abstract. Likewise, he claims, child start to increase their memory capacity and start to think about thinking, their language skills improve, as well as their ability to process information more quickly. In addition, they improve their problem solving skills. Additionally, research claims that interactions with adults, verbalization of numbers and comprehension of shapes afford a child a ...
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...ttons, during this period, he experienced multiple relationships, he was in the optimal health, and he traveled and lived carefree. Research stated in Broderick and Blewitt suggest this is when an individual is at peak performance. Additionally, the goal is accomplishment in the form of a career or establishment in work becomes principal (Broderick, & Blewitt).
Similarly, the research supports that this is a period when an individual absorbs the limitation of their learning as it relates to problem solving and they become more attuned to thinking about solutions to issues, which develop as adults (Broderick, & Blewitt). Additionally, the research suggest this is a period where earlier unresolved issues like attachment or self-confidence start to manifest in relationships of intimacy, career advancement and overall life fulfillment(Broderick, & Blewitt).
Middle School and AVID has prepared me for high school in many different ways. I will use everything I have learned in middle school and AVID in order to achieve success in high school. I have learned skills such as managing my time, organizing my work, and taking good and quality notes. If I use these skills in high school I know I will succeed. I also know that these skills would make it easier for me to reach my goals in completing dual enrollment and receiving at least a 4.0 GPA.
He wanted to focus on the process that allowed every individual the opportunity in understanding their children’s ability to understand and think about the world. In knowing this a parent could better understand how their child’s brain works in a loop of certain age gaps this would help in trying to keep your child in the age development stage they fall into. This also would give you ideas on things you could do to try and help your child stay on course and not fall
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory labeled this period of life the latency stage, a time when sexual and aggressive urges are repressed. Freud suggested that no significant contributions to personality development were made during this period; therefore, middle childhood was not considered an important stage in human development according to Freud’s analytical theory. However, more recent theorists have recognized the importance of middle childhood for the development of cognitive skills, personality, motivation, and inter-personal relationships. Erikson's conception of middle childhood is the industry/inferiority stage were children begin to develop an attitude about themselves, develop self-esteem, internalize society's standards, and develop an evaluation of socially relevant emotions of shame and pride.
This stage takes place during childhood (6 to 12 years); during this period the child seeks to settle crisis of industriousness versus inferiority. According to this theory, these behaviors might have an explanation that goes back to my childhood. Erikson points out that at stage four, children need to be reinforced positively for activities at school, in sports, or artistic fields in order to cultivate a high self-concept and a sense of industriousness. If the child’s efforts are perceived as inadequate, feelings of social and mental inferiority can move stealthily into adulthood, (Maitland, 2011).
Papalia, Diane E, Sally W. Olds, and Ruth D. Feldman. A Child's World: Infancy Through Adolescence. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004. Print. The author is a child development and psychology professor. This is an anthology with strictly objective information. The content is broken down into physical, cognitive, and psychosocial developments of different stages of childhood.
This essay will explore the authors meaning of reflection, how various reflective styles can benefit the practitioners within their settings, and how important reflection is within Early Years Practice. According to Appleby (2010, p.10), reflection is a generic term which describes various behaviours involving feelings, and thinking about thoughts and experiences, in order to examine issues and develop, new understandings and insights. Reflection within practice allows the practitioner to develop a sense of awareness around their daily activities, and helps them to evaluate how they could evolve these activities further, if the given opportunity was to arise again. Similarly, keeping a reflective journal
Erik Erikson developed eight psychosocial stages that occur through life. These stages help parents of younger children understand what the child is thinking and why they are acting the way that they do. For a person to become a well-rounded adult they need to succeed in each level. This essay will discuss the first six stages into young adulthood.
In Erickson’s Stages of Development a child in middle childhood, (or children from age six to age eleven), move through the industry versus inferiority stage. This stage is marked by the child working to gain new skills and in general just being productive (Click P. M., Parker J., 2002, p. 89). A child who is successful in their attempts will gain confidence in themselves and move on into adolescence firmly on the industrious side. A child who is not successful in acquiring the skills they try will move on to the adolescent stage with the mindset that they are inferior to their peers.
Middle childhood is defined a number of ways, but perhaps best defined as the ages 6 to 12 years of age or prepubescent to pubescence Middle childhood is a challenging time and a major challenge is social constructs, as this is the earliest time when children begin to move away from parental influences and establish more meaningful peer and other adult relationships. It signifies a new set of social contacts with adults and other children as well as a wider variety of settings than those that characterize early childhood. Children begin to see themselves as a part of a bigger whole. Peer influences can become more powerful than the adults in the children’s life and impact their sense of self. Grouping is established and teasing of others groups and children begins to take hold in establishing social ranking. This can be a critical time for children and a great time for a social work practitioner to implement interventions to assist vulnerable children. However, a child who has one or two adults or trustworthy peers to whom she may turn may learn that peers cannot necessarily be trusted to give her good feedback. (website) Providing a setting were children could expand their ideas, make like minded friends and have the mentoring of trustworthy adults can transition children into the next developmental phase. They begin to look at different perspectives and can see another point of view. The world opens up before them, while this is an exciting time; it is also perhaps the most turbulent.
Middle childhood is the time where children start to fully develop their skills. They develop their comprehension skills, communication skills, and many more. In order to get a better look into the life of children during this stage, I decided to observe my niece’s friend, Ryan, who is almost at the end of her middle childhood stage. Ryan is an eleven year old girl who attends Bassett Elementary. I choose to observe Ryan because, she is a very unique girl who does not always fit into what the average girl her age is like.
The first stage, which happens between birth and 18 months, is trust vs. mistrust. During this stage, an infant is confused about the world being a safe place and wonders if his or her needs will be met. As a result, the infant looks to the primary caretaker for consistent care and hope that his or her needs can be met. Erikson explains that those that receive constant care during this stage will develop a sense of trust. The basic virtue in this stage is hope. The second stage of this theory is autonomy vs. shame and doubt, which happens between 18 months and 3 years. During this stage, there is an increase in mobility and independence. Erikson explains that it is critical to allow the child to explore their limits and allow failure. The basic virtue in this stage is will. Initiative vs. Guilt that happens between 3 and 5 years is the stage that follows. During this stage, children take more initiative to engage with peers. Erikson explains that during this stage if children are given the opportunity to take initiative, they will develop a sense of security in their ability to lead. The basic virtue in this stage is purpose. Industry vs. Inferiority, which happens between 5 and 12 years, emphasizes school and friendships. Erikson believes that during this stage, children will seek approval from others by displaying skills that are valued by others. Additionally, he believes that if
...enerativity vs. stagnation, occurs in middle adulthood. According to Erikson (1950, individuals in this stage develop a sense of being a part of the society. Individuals who are capable of contributing to society may develop a sense of generativity (i.e. a sense of productivity and accomplishment). In contrast, Erikson (1950) believed that individuals who are unwilling to contribute to society may develop a sense of stagnation. The eighth and last stage, integrity vs. despair, occurs in late adulthood. According to Erikson (1950) the main task for this stage is retrospection – individuals contemplate their accomplishments. If individuals believe that have had a successful life they develop a sense of integrity. Individuals may be more likely to develop feelings of despair is their reflection of life is full of disappointments and unachieved goals (Erikson, 1950).
Shaffer, D., Kipp, K., Wood, E., & Willoughby, T. (2010). Developmental psychology childhood and adolescence. (3rd ed.). USA: Thomson Wadsworth
...through 8 different psychosocial stages of life. Each step has to be completed in order to have gained knowledge and to be able to be successful in the next stage of development. Researching this topic has taught me that we can’t skip over skills and expect to have success or live happily ever after. I now realize how important learning from my mistakes can be. Childhood becomes the remembered past and adulthood the anticipated future (McAdams, 2001).
1. What was your adolescence like? How would you describe it? Summarize your experiences as you made this passage through life.