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Effects of LSD on the human body
Research paper on lsd
Effects of LSD on the human body
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Microdosing LSD is trending in Silicon Valley, and like the hero in the TV show Limitless, these microdosers are dropping acid in the attempt to increase IQ and turn themselves into super genius’. Microdosing is the process of taking 10-20 micrograms of LSD, roughly a tenth of a normal full dosage. The concept was introduced to the public at large by James Fadiman in 2011 at a conference on psychedelics in which he presented data collected from self-reports of LSD micordosers. Five years prior, Fadiman had sent out instructions on the technique of microdosing and requested email responses as to the results. Though responses come from around the world, he notes a robust and consistent stream flowing in from the San Francisco Bay area, with a typical profile he refers to as “übersmart twenty something" dealing with tech solutions. …show more content…
It's as if messages are passing through their body more easily," Fadiman told Motherboard Vice. Though Fadiman isn’t conducting formal research, he has observed a lot of consistent results. "This is total guesswork,” he say’s. “But so many different conditions that I've seen are improved, it looks like it rebalances those pistons which are not in balance. This may be in your central nervous system, it may be the brain stem, it may be that it's improving function of mitochondria. One woman who had painful, crampy periods started microdosing and when her period came, she had no problems." Rick Doblin, founder of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelics Studies, has done a lot of scientific research on LSD and has said that microdosing LSD is enough to make one “feel a little bit of energy lift, a little bit of insight, but not so much that you are
During a visit to Mexico, Gordon Wasson, a mycologist, discovered the use of psilocybin mushroom in spiritual ceremonies by Indian tribes. Upon experiencing the spiritual and hallucinatory effects of the mushroom, Wasson returned to the area accompanied by an experienced mycologist, Roger Heim, who managed to cultivate the mushroom once in France and send samples of it to the scientist who had discovered lysergic acid, Albert Hoffman. From the mushrooms, Hoffman successfully isolated two compounds which he further named psilocybin and psilocin. Analogs of these compounds were further synthesized and were employed mainly for psychotherapeutic uses. Many tests on psilocybin were made at Harvard University in the early 1960’s. However, along with LSD, psilocybin became a scheduled substance in 1970, making it illegal. During this time, psilocybin mushrooms became a part of the psychedelic and hippy movement and were used for recreational and spiritual purposes. Research on psilocybin ended in the late 1980’s because of strict rules imposed by the government but recently scientist have started researching on this chemical once more.
Erika Dyck provides the reader and interesting view of early historical psychological research on LSD, lysergic acid diethyl-amide. This book is composed of Dyck’s scientific interpretation and dissection of earlier psychedelic psychiatry research by Humphry Osmond, and Abraham Hoffer. A Swiss biochemist named Albert Hofmann dissolved a minimal amount of d-lysergic acid diethyl-amide in a glass of water and digested this new synthetic drug in April 1943. Three hours later he begins to feel dizzy and his vision was distorted. Hofmann recollects this as a surreal journey as if what he saw was created by the famous paintings of Salvador Dali unexplained carnivalesque or at some moments even nightmarish hallucinations. The drug began gaining support from pharmaceutical companies as something that can possibly be beneficial for future scientific study. Saskatchewan soon became one of the epicenters harvesting break through biochemical innovation and experimentation with LSD from the 1950s to 1960s.
LSD has proved that the mind contains much higher powers and energies, beyond the average 10% of the brain that a typical human uses. These powers and energies, under the right circumstances, can be taken advantage of to benefit humankind spiritually, creatively, therapeutically, and intellectually. LSD has given humans the option to chemically trigger mental energies and powers. Arguments that LSD is potentially a dangerous discovery and mind control should be strictly prohibited by the government hold much validity, although there are benefits and arguments of personal freedom of neurology to consider. Whether LSD reflects negativity as a weapon and mind control drug, or radiates euphoria as a mind-expanding chemical and sacrament, the choice to engage in such an experience should be through personal reasoning.
2)Strassman, R. Human Hallucinogenic Drug Research: Regulatory, Clinical and Scientific Issues. Brain Res. 162. 1990.
In 1938, Albert Hofmann discovered lysergic acid diethylamide, or LSD-25, but did not experience its psychedelic effects until April 16, 1943 after accidentally ingesting it. On April 19th he purposely consumed 250 µg (an extremely small amount) of the substance and tripped the entire journey home on his bicycle. From the forties through the sixties psychiatrists and the government experimented with LSD. While psychiatrists could not find any legitimate medical purposes for the drug, the government determined that it could be used to control large groups of people. In the fifties, the CIA did various tests involving the use of acid to prove this point and the program was soon shut down. In the sixties, the drug became very popular with the help of Timothy Leary and it spread around the United States and the United Kingdom like wildfire. While possession of LSD was outlawed in late 1968, its use remained popular until the decline in the eighties. The drug made a comeback around 1990 through 2000 but declined once again (History of LSD).
In 1960 professor Timothy Leary urged people to try the drug LSD. Leary thought that it could help people therapeutically and he saw many benefits in the usage of the drug. LSD was first available in tablet form but when it became illegal people began to use it in other forms such as liquid acid which was taken orally, through the eyes or mucous membrane or mixed with other drugs such as marijuana.
The controversial purchase of LSD by the USA in 1951 was the first step in one of the CIA’s secret operations called MK-Ultra. This was a method to test the methods of experimentation of the LSD through mind control throughout the 50’s and 60’s due to the tense situation during the Cold War. But this wasn’t the full origin of this type of experiment, no. “Dr. Joseph Mengele of Auschwitz notoriety was the principal developer of the trauma-based Monarch Project and the CIA’s MK Ultra mind control programs” (Adachi, 2005). This first project, MK-Ultra, was the fundamental value project of all the future mind-control experiments that were to follow in the future of humanity.
LSD stands for Iysergic acid diethylamide. LSD is a hallucinate know to be the most powerful drug of this kind. LSD is commonly known as acid. This drug changes a person’s mental state by distorting the perception of reality to the point where at high doses hallucination occurs. Acid is derived from a fungus that grows on rye and other grains. It is semi-synthetic. It’s manufactured chemically in illicit laboratories, except for a small percent, which is produced legally for research.
“Behavioral Evidence For The Stimulation Of Cns Serotonin Receptors By High Doses Of LSD”. Psychopharmacology Communications. 1976;2(2):149-164.
Hofmann, A. (1970, January 1). The Discovery of LSD. The Discovery of LSD. Retrieved May 12, 2014, from http://www.psychedelic-library.org/hofmann.htm
Although in the modern world such drugs have developed an almost taboo status, it is impossible to ignore the tales of enlightenment reported by ancient cultures and even those rebels that use such drugs illegally today. While the American government has been one of the main influences on today’s society’s negative attitudes towards psychedelic drugs, they have granted some scientist and psychologists permission to experiment with such agents, and despite the controversy and varying results there seem to be many positive uses of psychedelic agents. These positive uses and the research that has been directed toward these uses will be reviewed in the following, as well as a brief history of psychedelic drugs.
Using hallucinogens is often called tripping. In its pure form, LSD is a white, odorless powder. This pure form is very strong, so LSD is usually mixed with other things to make the dose large enough to take. LSD comes in the form of liquids, tablets, capsules or squares of gelatin or blotting paper. LSD use can have many effects.
Nichols, D. E., & Chemel, B. R. (2011). LSD and the serotonin system's effects on human
It was developed originally as a stimulant for circulation and respiration. This drug mainly affects dopamine, serotonin, and adrenergic receptors. It can cause dilated pupils, a raise body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure, loss of appetite, sweating, and sleeplessness. The main receptor that causes the hallucinations is 5 - HT 2A, (PNAS) which is found in the visual cortex. While researchers know which receptor causes the hallucinations and where they are located, it is unknown why. It was theorized by Jack Cohen that lines and patterns seen are due to the human brain’s ability to find and make patterns. (Youtube) Another cause was found when researchers from the UK did fMRI test on thirty LSD users, it was found that the regions of the brain that control consciousness are muted causing the user to have an influx of thought. They found this to be an over stimulation of
Psychedelic Drugs and their use to treat mental health can be a controversial topic to many but just like every topic there can be several ways to look at the issue. Before one makes a decision on which drugs they can be bad and harmful, they should first look at every aspect of the drug and understand how they might help people who are struggling with mental issues and disorders. It is important that we look at the positives as well as the negative effects of these type of drugs in order to get the full view of their effects. In a journal co-written by József Rácz, he states “Psychoactive drug use shows great diversity” however “due to a disproportionate focus” upon “problematic drug use… remains an understudied phenomenon.” The article continues