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Foundations of planning
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Planning Theory for Practitioners
Planning Theory for practitioners by Michael P. Brooks, FAICP, Brooks argues about some of the flaws in past planning theories. communicative in the early 1980s, advocacy emerged in mid-1960s to 1970s, rational dominated the post- World War II years and incrementalism late 1950s to early 1960s. In the book Brooks proposes policies and ideas to try to close the bridge between planning theories and planning practice. Brooks presents a great deal of arguments and policies that support his argument of planning. Planning theory for practitioners is divided into five parts the introduction, foundation of planning, alternative paradigms for public planning, towards a more practical strategy, and effective planning
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185). I agree with this to some extent, however I disagree with him when he says that political savvy is a set of skills that planners can learn that “political Savvy is anonymous with professionals” (pg. 187). He puts a lot power in politics while at the same time arguing planners do not necessarily have to become politicians to learn the skills to be political savvy. He weighs political involvement in the planning process high. This I think may create a gap not only between planners and politicians, but between the public as well. If a planner becomes too involved in politics, they may be forced into choosing a side and take a …show more content…
Brooks states, “Advocates planner bypasses the lack of universally agreed upon public interest by concentrating on the values of subunit of the larger community” (pg. 109). My questions is, why is it wrong to plan this way. He stated that within the same communities and neighborhoods, people do not share or have the same value when it comes to planning. Therefore, I think it will be more effective for planners to concentrate on subunits values of a large community because it is easier. In addition, communities and neighborhoods will have their own particular interest advocacy group representing them.
I disagree with Brooks when he criticizes the incrementalism theory for flavoring only people that possess a lot of political power while it does a disservice to people with no political power and the people with political power will use their power to block policies that favor the powerless. There is some truth that to a certain extent. however, people with less political power coming together possess great social power collective than one citizen or business with great political power. In addition can cause change due to their larger in
People will be more willing and capable of living in denser, more efficient environments only when the underlying culture that sustains sprawl is altered. The sense of the American community needs to be re-established if there is to be any real progress in the battle against sprawl. The REAL problem here then, is that changing the culture of a state, of a nation, is a very long and difficult undertaking…
Sperry/MacLellan Architect and Planners are facing another downturn in their industry, where the workload will be on a gradual decline. It is for this reason that Mitch is looking to present a report to the company counterparts, as an explanation of his market research. There are a few opportunities that require improvement and innovation.
Allen (2012) discusses how the board places lesser emphasis on how a project relates to the surrounding area and a city’s overarching vision of development. She recounts an example where after months of public consultation and work by planning staff, new by-laws were created that allows six-storey buildings. Developers appealed the municipal decision to not allow a seven-storey construction, resulting in the Ontario Municipal Board approving the development disregarding the new by-laws and public consultation that took place (Allen, 2012). While an additional storey is not a significant impact, it demonstrates how a board unaccountable to the public can overrule a fair democratic process such as participatory
Planning is an approach towards the problem solving rationally. It can be taken as a remedial tool for creating change in the current situation in a systematic and efficient way. A problem in the planning profession will be The solution found by planners to varied situations in practice is very dependent on the certain criteria like social, economic, environmental, and political. The evaluation of a solution on these criteria defines the success of a solution. The new definition of the planning problems was given by Rittle and Webber in their path breaking article (Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning).
Location, location, location -- it’s the old realtor 's mantra for what the most important feature is when looking at a potential house. If the house is in a bad neighborhood, it may not be suitable for the buyers. In searching for a house, many people will look at how safe the surrounding area is. If it’s not safe, they will tend stray away. Jane Jacobs understood the importance of this and knew how cities could maintain this safety, but warned of what would become of them if they did not diverge from the current city styles. More modern planners, such as Joel Kotkin argue that Jacobs’s lesson is no longer applicable to modern cities because they have different functions than those of the past. This argument is valid in the sense that city
Kaufman, Roger. Strategic Planning Plus: An Organizational Guide. Sage Publications, Inc.: Newbury Park, California, 1992.
Planning is an essential process in today’s organizations. Based on the three types of managers: top-level (strategic managers), middle-level (tactical managers), and frontline (operational managers), exist three corresponding levels of planning: strategic, tactical, and operational. The purpose of this essay is to focus on the strategic level of planning for the Ford Motor Company; a leader in the global automobile industry. Strategic planning, according to Bateman and Snell (2009), “involves making decisions about the organization’s long-term goals and strategies” (p. 137). This paper will elaborate on six key influential factors: economic, environmental, competition, foreign policy, domestic policy, and innovation; that shape this corporation’s strategic plan. Finally, a SWOTT analysis will be conducted covering the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, and trends, that the Ford Motor Company has in relation to its business environment.
The six key planning considerations are as follows: environmental considerations, mission assurance, Force protection, operations, communication synchronization, and facility requirements.
Fayol (1949, as cited in Mcnamara, 2009) have proposed “planning” as one of the four major functions on...
II. Understanding Wicked Problems In their seminal paper, Rittel and Weber argue that the systems analysis approach to finding an issue and then creating a solution cannot apply to planning-specific issues. In fact, the main argument that is voiced is the most difficult problem is defining the problem. It is mentioned that because there are such diverse values that are held by varying groups of individual people, a solution might satisfy one individual
“Planning: is specifying the goals to be achieved and deciding in advance the appropriate actions needed to achieve those goals” (Bateman & Snell, 2004, p. 16).
There has always existed a conflict between advocacy planning and other theories, which are more economically based such as neo-liberalism or pragmatism. Planners must try to please both the private and public sectors in the form of specific advocacy groups, the general public and clients (Fainstein and Campbell). This conflict is further instigated by the non-existence of one general public, but rather many facets and groups that compose the residents of a city. Planners must seek a balance between the ideas put forth by the public and the expertise of engineers and planners themselves
Schonwandt, Walter L. 2008. Planning in Crisis? Theoretical Orientations for Architecture and Planning. Ashgate Publishing: Burlington, VT. pp. 10
(According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2011).Task of regional planning is planners are going to have meetings when with their group.Discussing a lot of things about the public areas.They will make changes to those areas if they are needed when they have discussed it with their group.Next the designs are going to have to be set up right that are being done for creating things in certain spots.If not everything is going to be wrong and the superiors are not going to like that a lot.
Although all planning involves social interaction in one way or another, I reject the statement, “In the end, all planning is social planning” because social planning focus more on the impacts of sociology, the study of human interactions and social structures, as compared to other forms of planning where there is less emphasis on social impacts in decision making. Not all planning have the same approach to an issue and social planning is unique because it is from a sociological perspective where planners use social factors to explain and interpret existing issues in society and examine social impacts on people’s well-being.