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Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
Strengths and Weaknesses of Qualitative Research
Qualitative and quantitative research methods
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Methodology
3.1.1 Research design
Research can be defined as an attempt to discover something (Wimmer and Dominick, 2014). Research design is about the methodology that will be used for the research. Hence, this section will be discussing about the method that is going to be used for this research that is qualitative method research. Qualitative research is also described as an unfolding model that occurs in a natural setting that enables the researcher to develop a level of detail from high involvement in the actual experiences (Carrie Williams, 2007).
Qualitative research involves purposeful use for describing, explaining, and interpreting collected data (Carrie Williams, 2007). The main purpose of this research is to investigate and understand
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This research is using the method of qualitative research methodology. Therefore, the research paradigm that will be applied in this research is interpretive paradigm. The aim of interpretive research is to understand how people in everyday natural settings create meaning and interpret events of their world. The interpretive research approach is the most closely connected with the specific research methods discussed in this chapter.
An interpretive researcher, a vital role is played as an integral part of the data, without the active participation of the researcher, no data exist and the researcher is the instrument which no other individuals can substitute or replace (Wimmer and Dominick, 2014). In order to collect the data from the informants regarding the practice of emotional intelligence of the young adults, a researcher must conduct the interview and get the data to answer the research questions. A passive researcher may result into an inaccurate data and a required answer by the informants is not
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It is used to analyse classifications and present themes (patterns) that relate to the data. It illustrates the data in great detail and deals with diverse subjects via interpretations (Boyatzis,1998). It will provide a very systematic element and allow the researcher to associate an analysis of a theme with the whole content. There is also a possibility in thematic analysis to connect various opinions and thoughts of the learners and compare these with the data that has been gathered in different situation at different times during the project (Alhojian and Ibrahim,
The research question is the first and foremost initial step in the research process, because it defines the expected outcomes and drives the project design. So it should be clear and concise once the research question is formulated, the next is defining the terms and concepts used in the research process. A literature review is needed to clarify issues, gives an understanding to the researcher how others have formulated similar research questions and defines concepts.
There are two types of research that can be conducted in research studies, these are qualitative and quantitative (Newman, 2011). Qualitative research is a process that uses detailed oriented methodology that tries to achieve a profound knowledge or understanding of specific incident and circumstance, wh...
Research methodology, is an understanding of the different approaches used to conduct research. Within research methodology validity and reliability are important. The reason, researchers need to understand the methodology, before research is conducted is to ensure that they are using them correctly and ethically and also understand the key concept
Thematic analysis is espoused to be the foundational approach to qualitative analysis and methods (Saunders et al., 2016 as stated in Braun and Clarke, 2006: 78) and it is a useful method used to identify and analyse the order and patterns of qualitative data (Attride-Stirling, 2001). Qualitative research method depicts the correlation that exists between data and events, creating the pictorial representation of what one thinks a given data says (Saunders et al., 2016). They also opined that, qualitative data analysis is cogent, interactive and iterative. Also, Joana and Jill (2011) and Saunders et al (2016) postulate that, qualitative research brings meanings from words and images as opposed to numbers. However, despite its robustness and rigour of its application, it is skewed more to the interpretivist ideologies since researchers draw conclusion from participants and the hypothesis being forecasted (Joana and Jill, 2011; Saunders et al., 2016).
Qualitative research is an approach that attempts to situate an activity that locates the observer in the world by providing the study to occur in their natural setting and by attempting to make sense of, or interpret information (Denzin and Lincoln, 2005). A characteristic of qualitative research is to use a variety of empirical materials such as personal experience, interviews, and questionnaires. It is imperative to understand the task at hand and how to fully carry out the study when using a qualitative research approach in order to find out the information needed. One view of qualitative research is it involves examining individual’s experiences and documenting those experiences in detail (Jones, 2011). By documenting these observations the researcher is ensuring validity in his or her data and giving the correct creditability to those who participated in the study.
Marshall, C, Rossman, Gretchen B, (2006). Designing qualitative research, 4th edition, Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.
focused on the key qualitative research methods. For each article review, a brief description, guided by Myers (2013), and a critique, guided Pratt (2009), is provided. A summary of the five articles identifying the research method, data collection technique, data analysis approach and critique is provided in Table 1. The narrative review of each article coupled with figures and tables to organize and visualize thoughts (Pratt, 2009) follows the summary table.
Liamputtong, P. & Ezzy, D., 2005, Qualitative research methods, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, South Melbourne, Victoria, pp. 12-31.
The research design starts with the definition and explanation. Later on, it is split into parts of exploratory and conclusive research. Each part explains the use of one in the specific research.
The interpretivism paradigm is placed against the positivist paradigm. The objective of the interpretivism paradigm is to illustrate meaningful social action that will help an individual to be aware of the social reality. Therefore, the interpretivist researchers mostly prefer qualitative designs particularly narrative, textual studies and field studies. The urban history, environment-behavior studies and socio-spatial analyzes are interpretive studies. The interpretivism paradigm recognizes that the reality is subjective and also acknowledges that there exist multiple realities.
Deductive approach will be used. Deductive as explained by Saunders and Lewis (2012, p. 108) it is an approach “which involves the testing of a theoretical proposition by using a research strategy designed to perform this test.” Moreover, we add that the research question should be defined while using general theory that exists already. (Saunders and Lewis 2012, p.108). Perhaps, deductive approach gives us the possibility to understand the theories that are currently established and raise questions or hypothesis to achieve any required further research. Saunders et al. (2012, p. 145) further explains that the hypotheses can be directly linked and formed from a theory or theories. Furthermore, deductive approach
Researches are different in nature but in a number of aspects they do have some commonalities. One of the common aspects is the requirement to collect data. Qualitative interviewing methods help researchers to observe and record a subject's unique viewpoint or experience as it narrates a particular issue. Questions are open-ended and the discussion is conversational in nature. The methodology allows the subject to provide a firsthand, first-person account. This gives the interviewer insight into where a subject is coming from, rather than getting “yes” or “no” answers that provide incomplete feedback. Data collection can be resultant of a number of methods, which include interviews, focus groups, surveys, telephone interviews, field notes,
A research design is defined as a plan or blueprint of how one intends to conduct research (Mouton, 2005:55). A research design focuses on the end product of the research process, that is, the type of study being planned and the type of results aimed at. Its point of departure is the research problem, and hence it focuses on the type of evidence required to address the problem adequately.
Research design is an outline of research study which indicates that what the researcher will do from writing the hypothesis and its operational implications to the final analysis of data. A research design is the arrangement of conditions for data collection and analysis of data in such a way that it will aim to combine relevance to research purpose with implementation of developed framework from research proceedure[1]. Research design constitutes conclusion regarding what, why, where, when and how concerning an inquiry or a research study. Overall research design may be divided into the following parts. [2]
Every research study should describe the methods used for collecting, analysing and interpreting data. Research methodology is a systematic solving of the research problem and includes all the tools and methods used in the research process.