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Negative impact of wildlife on human life
Human impact on the ecosystem
Human impact on the ecosystem
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Physical description of the Merri Creek catchment:
Merri Creek catchment covers around 39,000 hectares and it is located north of Melbourne. The creek begins at the bottom of the Great Dividing Range near a small town named Heathcote Junction. It flows for approximately 60-70km south towards Port Philip Bay before it meets with Yarra River at Dights Falls in Abbotsford. The Merri Creek is one of the major offshoots for the Yarra draining water from a catchment. In the catchment, there are nine main tributary systems such as Curly Sedge, Edgars and Malcolm Creeks.
The Merri Creek catchment and surrounding areas are home to some of the endangered vegetation communities. As with most vegetation that has been cleared for human purposes in other
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places, the vegetation has either been made non-existent anymore or almost totally destroyed with restricted pockets left remaining. Many remaining ecosystems can be found on private properties although some have been protected on public land. The creek also has an important role to preserve and care for the threatened plants and animal’s species that are found within the catchment. The geology of the catchment has an ancient transformation with an evidence dating back more than 400 million years ago.
Marine silted and sandstone rocks yellowish layers dated back when the land once was covered with sea and became diminished around 400 million B.C. 65 million years ago, the sandy layer was left behind from non-marine sediment. The volcanic eruption caused a dominated geology alteration and changing the landform. The lava travels through the valleys of major creeks and rivers including the Merri and Darebin to reach Melbourne. The lava flows formed into basalt plains and Merri Creek was shaped for a long time by the direction of lava courses. The Merri Creek catchment has a variety of different type of soils found in one catchment and they are sedimentary, red friable, grey cracking clay, alluvial, gilgai and basaltic …show more content…
clay. A short history of Merri Creek: The traditional owners of the Merri Creek Catchment are Wurundjeri-Willam, and the elder of the group when the European first contact was represented by Billibellary who is a respected and influential person. Their territory ranges from Yarra Bend to northward of Merri Creek. The Merri Creek provided life essentials all year round including water, plants for food, medicines and shelter/toolkits and animals for food and clothing. In May 1835, the leader of the European Settlement John Bateman and important members of Wurundjeri tribe including the Billibellary and other tribes made a treaty which is significant as it is the only time in Australian history that Australian indigenous and European colonies struck a deal between them. Around 1850, two brothers of English background named William and Henry Edwards farmed land on the current day suburb named Coburg which is approximately 14km north of Melbourne CBD. Henry was an amateur conservationist who recorded the animals and plants and their description that were found in Merri Creek Catchment. During the time the brothers spent on the farming property, the surrounding areas were mainly cleared leaving restricted and difficult to reach spots untouched. The land was used for agriculture and trees for firewood and timber. This then led to native fauna being forced to leave or to compete for resources against farming animals with a high chance of being killed by farmers. The negative effect of settlement and expanding town has impacted the environment with a comparison from Edwards’ description from 1850 and a survey by H.M.R Rupp in 1896 showed evidence that 60% of recorded species disappeared when surveyed and researched within Merri Creek Catchment. By 1970, the catchment had been badly degraded with much of the original vegetation lost and facing the threats of pest species, erosion, salinity and poor human usage. In 1976, the Merri Creek Coordinating Committee began with a community group and certain authorities to work together and restore the Catchment back to similar vegetation what it once was while addressing concerns and possible threats ranging from environmental to human pressure. In late 1980, the Friends of Merri Creek was formed to restore and protect the environment with work like planting and weeding, litter cleaning, community, and campaigning involvement. List of all stakeholders in the catchments: The stakeholders that are part of the Merri Creek Catchment and they are Port Phillip and Westernport Catchment Management Authority, Yarra Valley Water, Merri Creek Management Committee, Friends Group, Darebin City Council, Hume City Council, Mitchell Shire, Moreland City Council, Whittlesea City Council, Yarra City Council, Melbourne Water, Parks Victoria, Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning, Wurundjeri Tribe Land Cultural Heritage Council, Environment Protection Authority, VicRoads and Sustainability Victoria.
Discussion of catchment user requirement:
The user of the Merri Creek Catchment is everyone who live or work within the catchment and used for different need for each users. The residential/housing are serviced with water for their household need such as laundry, dishwasher and garden as well as personal hygiene like shower and toilet. The recreational of Merri Creek Catchment has many different activities to do and has a choice between land and water. Some example that people were doing while we on the field trip was cycling, playing, picnicking, photography, animal watching, fishing and walking/jogging. The each recreational activity required certain need to be created to go on the land or within the waterways like for example the bicycle and walking/jogging would need a track to follow the path, fishing would has to have a certain designated areas where they would need a deck to fish. Agriculture, clean water supply is one of the main usage of catchment
is about however it is important resource for store watering to irrigation be used for agriculture. Agriculture required a grazed land to suit their need. A list and evaluation of all land uses which impact on the catchment: Over 150 years the land of Merri Creek Catchment had been heavily used for farming and agricultural practice, a major increase in residential development with urban sprawl spreading out and industrial boom. The issues from the creek being affected stem from human perception and behaviour shown this different progress land use. The Certain impact can fit under more than one different uses.
Sedimentary rock from the older Silurian Period is further from the river banks (Geological map of Victoria, 1973). Mudstone, inter-bedded shale and greywacke depositions indicate the Maribyrnong River may have previously taken a different shape, and younger sediments have replaced the older sediments in more recent geological periods.
Bunyaville state forest, is a national park located in between the suburbs of Albany creek and Everton hills. Bunyaville has been educating the young minds of many school aged students for many years. Alongside the the education programs at bunyaville, there is a vast range of biodiversity, present at the site. From fish, birds and plants, there is without a doubt that bunyaville though having experienced a loss of biodiversity over the years, still has a lot of diversity within its species. The purpose of this report is to find and evaluate the biodiversity in the park and the conservation methods being used to maintain it.
[1] “Mixedwood Plains.” Canadian Ecozones. Toronto: n.p., n.d. N. pag. TDSB Online Library School Sites. Web. 13 Dec. 2013. .
The ecozone's forests are composed of 12.8% mixedwood, 2.1% deciduous, and 0.2% coniferous trees. The forest cover spans from 3 to 16%, and 40% of Ontario's rare plants are exclusive to the Carolinian forests. The Wood Poppy, Small-whorled Pogonia, Prickly Pear Cactus, and Cucumber Tree are species listed as Endangered. Wild Raspberry, Black-eyed Susans, Clover, Goldenrod, and Trilliums are widespread in forest ecosystems. Thickets and abandoned fields are h...
Perhaps the most devastating disregard of the Fraser Valley’s biodiversity was the draining of Sumas Lake to create farmland, resulting in the loss of habitat and the extirpation of endemic species. As it was originally intended to be, the Fraser Valley was a “perhaps unparalleled ecosystem” (Rosenau, p. 55), with bountiful wetlands and remarkable biodiversity. The European settlers 150 years ago considered it to be “wasteland” (Thom, p. 172), certainly uninhabitable and a breeding ground for mosquitoes, so the most logical thing to do would be to drain the body of water once known as Sumas Lake...
Newman, B., 2012. Australian Regolith and Clays Conference. River Murray Salinity Management and Irrigation, pp. 163 - 166.
In the chapter the “Rainy River” of the novel The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien, O’Brien conveys a deep moral conflict between fleeing the war to go to Canada versus staying and fighting in a war that he does not support. O’Brien is an educated man, a full time law student at Harvard and a liberal person who sees war as a pointless activity for dimwitted, war hungry men. His status makes him naive to the fact that he will be drafted into the war and thus when he receives his draft notice, he is shocked. Furthermore, his anti-war sentiments are thoroughly projected, and he unravels into a moral dilemma between finding freedom in Canada or standing his ground and fighting. An image of a rainy river marking the border between Minnesota and Canada is representative of this chapter because it reflects O’Brien’s moral division between finding freedom in Canada or standing his ground and fighting in the Vietnam war.
The essential use of irrigation in Australian Vineyards to maximize the productivity of vines has the detrimental effect on the surrounding waterways my contributing to water pollution. The use of irrigation in Australia has become a primary
Works Cited http://www.daintreeinforest.com/location/Daintree/listingResultsView.html?categoryId=233 http://www.daintreevillage.asn.au/daintree_rainforest.html http://www.sgaonline.org.au/?p=726 http://www.therainforests.info/landscape/daintree.htm http://www.daintreevillage.asn.au/mangroves.html http://www.globalissues.org/article/170/why-is-biodiversity-important-who-cares? http://www.green.net.au/quoll/forests/daintree.html http://www.daintreecoast.com/isiospermum.html
The area has been turned into a wildlife preserve to help maintain those ecosystems. The
Landscape fragmentation contributes to loss of migratory corridors, loss of connectivity and natural communities, which all lead to a loss of biodiversity for a region. Conservation of biodiversity must include all levels of diversity: genetic, species, community, and landscape (CNHP 1995). Each complex level is dependent upon and linked to the other levels. In addition, humans are linked to all levels of this hierarchy. A healthy natural and human environment go hand in hand (CNHP 1995). An important step in conservation planning, in order to guarantee both a healthy natural environment as well as a healthy human environment, is recognizing the most endangered elements.
This paper introduces the environmental concerns of the loss of coastal wetlands. The paper will discuss the significance of wetlands and the devastation that is occurring because of human activity. Wetlands are an essential element of our environment both ecological and societal; conservation will be essential for the preservation of these precious ecosystems.
Thousands of years ago when sea levels dropped over years at the Southern end of Muriwai, the sedimentary rock and sandstone was exposed to the air. Rock from volcanic activity mixed with the sedimentary rock; this is called Breccia -- a mixture of all rock. An example of this is at Maori Bay.
Just to the northeast of the Australian northern coastline, lies a series of islands that construct what is referred to as the “Melanesia sub-region”. The tropical marine water of the Carol Triangle surrounds the Melanesian sub-region, and it extends from the eastern border of the island of New Guinea in the northeast, stretching to the southeast corner to include Fiji, Vanuatu, and the Solomon Islands. Consequently, the Melanesian sub-region features some of the most enduring-undiscovered landscapes of our modern times. In the heart of the Melanesian sub-region sits the world’s second largest island – New Guinea. The eastern portion of the island of New Guinea along with the islands of Bougainville, New Britain, and New Ireland describe the geographic-borders of the Country of Papua New Guinea (PNG). PNG is located along the tropical geographic region of the Pacific Ring of Fire between 0o and 12o latitudes, where it receives rainfalls that range between 950 and 10,000 mm per annum (map). This equatorial location along with favorable natural and anthropogenic conditions allowed for a great number of astounding diversity of terrestrial vegetations to evolve and dictate PNG’s landscape. PNG’s landscape is dominated by multiple ecological formations, primarily forests that cover 78% of the total land area. Furthermore, the diversity of PNG’s terrestrial vegetations starts with beach grasses, on coastal lines, moving inland towards lowland tropical forest, and ending mountaintops alpine forests (table).