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Fascism post war in italy
Political dictatorship in Italy
History of nation and nationalism
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Nation-State
The nation-state has developed quite recently, prior to the 1500s in Europe the nation-state did exist because they didn’t know much else other than the village in which they came from. The term nation-state means a form of political origination in which a group of people who share the same history, traditions or language line in a particular are under one government. But the term the nation-state is much more than that, the hyphen in the middle of the term is what links them. The nation-state has four components which are territory which can also mean land and area. The second component are the population or people, the third is the government and the fourth component is Sovereignty, supreme power or authority to govern itself
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A nation state is a state than rules over one single nation. In a nation state people will share common languages, history and culture. The term reflects the situation in which the boundaries of a state coincide with the geographical area occupied by a nation. There can also be states that are not nations such as Switzerland, where citizens speak four different languages and have different cultures. But there can also be nations that are not states for this it happen a region must be lacking a firm border and must not be considered to be an independent state by the other countries around it. A way we know that the nation-state is the most important and most successful political organization since the 1500s is that nearly all states refer to themselves as nation-states, not caring what their national identity might be. Governments work to try and build a national identity among their citizens and sometimes the government is able to create that identity, which is why people argue that nation-state is more based of perception and what you think you are than what the facts are saying and what you actually …show more content…
The new Italian state started with a sense of national and political identity limited to a small oligarchic elite II, a backward economy, and opposition from the Roman Catholic Church. Centuries of separate rule in the various provinces had left differences of administration, law, taxation, politics, and land ownership. The South did not receive the improvement in governance that it was expecting, and was controlled by military occupation. The population spoke around 20 different dialects, often not mutually comprehensible. After the death of Camillo Benso of Cavour in 1861, who was an Italian statesman and one of the leaders for the Italian unification, the governments became extremely weak and unstable because now they were not supported by an adequate civil society. The oligarchy was broadened by an extension of the franchise in 1882 and nearly universal male suffrage in 1912, but Catholic political participation was prohibited by the Church until the Concordat of 1929 and social opposition was intermittently suppressed. Discredited by its performance in the First World War (1915-18) and unable to manage the social tensions caused by early industrialization, the state allowed itself in 1922 to be taken over by a “fascist” dictatorship under Mussolini which survived until defeated in the Second World War in 1943. In 1946, a Parliamentary Republic was set up and female
In response to the democratic backlash after World War I, in response to the Treaty of Versailles and the economic failure after the war, countries turned to a totalitarian, fascist government, regulating every facet of life of the people it ruled. Fascist Italy was no exception—over the years 1921-1943, Italy instituted a population policy, controlling it and causing it to rise. Italy’s population policy consisted of the regulation of family size, often exercising Mussolini’s bid for control in extreme manners. The reactions consisted of an economic counterpoint of family size, and disapproval of this new regime.
State-building was defined as culturally distinct groups who come together to form a new state by accepting a single culture. A dominant example would be the United States. The United States became a huge inspiration to many of the European countries when they had won their independence. They fought during the American Revolution for a democracy, they so desperately wanted the people to have a say in the government. Freedom, liberty, and rights are what drove them, they never gave up on their fight for freedom. The United States people were able to separate their differences by coming together and forming a new nation by accepting one single culture. This is what the European countries hoped that they could someday accomplish the same
Italy became a fascist state. Italy achieved her unification in 1870. She had a constitutional monarchy like that of Great Britain, but democratic society failed to develop in Italy because the government was controlled by corrupt politicians, called the party bosses. They controlled the elections
All over the world and in history, countries and nations have expressed pride towards their nations through spirit and have unified together as one. Nationalism is the force behind the unification, strength, and cooperation of these nations. First, nationalism is a powerful force that helps to unite all different people into a single nation. It is also important for nations to use nationalism to claim justified independence from one another. Finally, nationalism can be taken too far if it is used unjustly or incorrectly. Nationalism is important and necessary for beneficial political changes, but can become harmful and unproductive when used for a country’s personal agenda and lust for power.
Nationalism is a political, economic and social ideology, doctrine and practice describing the “advocacy of or support for the interests of one’s own nation”, especially above the interests of other outside nations, individuals, and regions (“Nationalism”). It is a conscious state of mind where individuals believe their duty and loyalty is to the nation-state. It believes that a nation is the most crucial aspect for human social life because it gives a nation a sense of unity by promoting the shared interests and identities of the individuals such as language, race, religion etc. (“Nationalism”). Therefore, the aim of nationalism is to preserve and promote the nation’s culture as opposed to other cultures. Politically, the goal is gaining and
Throughout the years, humans have constructed many unique civilizations; all which follow a distinct social, economic, and political structure. Even so, there is one characteristic that prevails among these societies, the concept of nationalism. In short, nationalism refers to the feelings people have when identifying with their nation. This simple notion possesses the ability to divide or unite collective groups, and has played an important role in many historical events.
The national government is often though to be the sole sovereign authority of a territory, however, governmental authority is not so often clearly delineated or concentrated. Large, regionalized identity groups within an existing state may call for greater autonomy, or existing states may see unity with another as politically or economically advantageous, either development leading to multiple governmental levels within the same territory. Differentiated models of constitutional organization amongst regional governments and centralized national or super-national structures developed from this tension between autonomy and unity, namely the unitary state, the federation, and the confederate models. Each of these systems seeks to accommodate regionalized
Fascism is defined as, “an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.” Peter Hyland reports that throughout the 1920s and the 1930s, an economic depression was growing and becoming widespread throughout the world. People were losing faith in their democracies and in capitalism. Leaders who gained power supported powerful militarism, nationalism, and initiated the return of an authoritarian rule. J.R. Oppenheimer says that the rise of fascism and totalitarianism in Europe and Russia instigated a “critical step on the path to war.” In 1922, Benito Mussolini held leadership in Italy, promising a proficient and militaristic nationalistic state. During his control as prime minister, he gained a large group of followers, banned the disparagement of government, and used extreme violence against his enemies within the parliament.
When asked about the definition of a sovereign nation, Selma Buckwheat (September 25, 2013), elder member of the Anishinabeg tribe, explains by stating, “We govern ourselves and have our own laws” (personal communication). They have a lot of meetings that help understand most of the sovereign nations. In other words, a sovereign nation is power or a territory existing as an independent s...
The Italian Unification was a big impact on Nationalism, which was led by Benso di Cavour, which supplied most of the ideology for the movement. Benso di Cavour was also the Prince of Piedmont-Sardinia and severed as King Victor Emmanuel II. Cavour built the strength of Piedmont-Sardinia by making a strong army, an environment that was healthy, and political freedom. Cavour was all for freedom of speech, gaining Napoleon III support by promising him Sa...
The founding of a new government, by definition, does not merely mean the establishment of a governing structure; it denotes the building of nationhood. This sense of nationhood, with time, will invariably deepen into the passion citizens have for their nations. While extreme nationalism is destructive to both self and others, a moderate amount of nationalism is the foundation of our modern democracy. It unites citizen into political units, promotes participation in democratic processes, and stabilizes democracy by building trust. Governments are, thus, important because, to some extent, they help to promote democracy.
Nations (FAO) as “a condition in which all people, at all times, have physical and economic
Some of the characteristics that make up a modern nation-state are; the population of the territory is united in the national identity and traditions, has an official language or languages and common descent, has an organized government, shall have independence and sovereign (self-ruled), and has a defined territory and/or boarders.
To examine what state formation is and how it has occurred the logical route seems to assess from where they have evolved. The notion of the state is a relatively recent concept, for example in 1555 there existed only two national states, England and France. With otherwise the existence of disorganised and corrupt empires, federations and protectorates. It appears states have formed despite the many obstacles facing their development. Not only did the challenges of securing territory exist but ri...
In the early years of the twentieth century, Italy has created a new system of government, however suffered social and economic conditions. Improvements were made however, poverty and literacy were still problems that have not been solved well. While entering World War I, the nation was neutral up until joining the British and French in exchange for certain advantages. However, it was unsuccessful as Italy failed to take control of the territories that it claimed at the Versailles Peace Conference,and suffered significant losses. The ideology of fascism occurred when the power of Italy was shrinking and the idea of being a pacifist became weak. Benito Mussolini created a group of fascists to represent a means to stop the socialists and the communists coming into his nation.