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Theoretical framework for organisational culture
Review of literature on employee empowerment
How the culture of an organization can impact the effectiveness of the organization
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CULTURE AND COMPETITION
Introduction
For every organization to be successful it is very usable to have a good understanding of the inner organization and to discover how to work more effectively and efficiently. In Tom Peters 8 themes explained how to be successful in business management fields.
The 7 ‘S’ – Model was developed by former employees of McKinsey which is American consulting firm. The employees were Tom Peters and Robert H. Waterman - authors of the management "In Search of Excellence." They provided how to realize the procedure of the internal organization to be prosperous. And they applied this theory to the organisations all over the world.
According to Mckinsey company view they introduced 7s models those seven factors are start with letter ‘S’ and these elements are well-organized that helps to improve performances of the organizations and to boost the company. The 7S Model is classified into "hard" and "soft" elements. Hard elements are easily identified and regulated by management (easier to change). Those are focus at problems of an organization that can influence directly. Soft elements are more conceptual and it influenced by the organizational culture which is harder to change directly and take longer.
The hard elements are:
1. Strategy
2. structure
3. systems
The soft elements are:
4. shared values
5. skills
6. style
7. staff
Below Mckinsey model shows the connections between seven elements that the diagram of the model emphasises interconnections of the factors.
A Systemic Approach to Improving Organizations
Tom Peters - In Search of Excellence is published in 1982 as the result of their research 43 out of 62 top performing companies. According to this book it describes 8 basic principles t...
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... management into above and below (high to low level) and mainly focused on dividing an organisation into hierarchy. The high level staffs are lean and simple form also power & authority shared between these employees. This helps to keep away from complexity by having less administrative layers that easier for employees to realize what require from them and how to implement it. Particularly for large companies this can be difficult and some best companies have minimal headquarter staff.
8. Simultaneous loose-tight properties
This is about excellent companies holding tight to their centralized values and they have pushed autonomy in shop floor activities or product development team. Many successful companies allowed their employees the freedom to make decisions while working around and maintaining core company values. And also its about good planning and controlling.
The company's management put a lot of emphasis on taking care of its employees, encouraging an entrepreneurial spirit, treating each other with respect, and being committed
A fundamental aspect of the implementation of the Six Sigma theory is the project manager. The existence of a project manager significantly increases the financial returns and project success of Six Sigma projects (Marzagão & Carvalho, 2016, p.1516). Thus, the project manager helps implement and enforce cost cutting measures, in addition ensuring the projects meet the organization’s goals. Marzagão and Carvalho also note that in addition to a strong understanding of Six Sigma, a project manager also needs important leadership qualities, specifically teambuilding and interpersonal skills (2016, p, 1516). Consequentially, Six Sigma influences the hiring process of an organization since the human resource department should seek out employees that possess these
competent workforce. Apart from this the company culture of teamwork is influential in efficient handling of operations.
The relationship between management, mission, resources, the system process and structure is that they all make up the Internal Environment of an organization and they "affect its [the organizations] performance from within its boundaries". They are all internal factors because they are all things that the organization can control, opposed to external factors, such as economic conditions and population. The factors which are ends are mission, management, and structure, where as the means are system's process and resources.
(2014) is “the way in which leaders interact, make decisions, and influence others in the organization” (p 237). The culture needs to foster cooperation from all areas of an organization, while providing the ability for adaptation and growth. Not all organizations culture will be the same, there is not a correct one that can blanket all organizations to cozy success. (3) Talent Systems. Human capital drives all organizations, the right people need to be in the right jobs with the correct opportunities for growth and advancement. There must be a constant search for strategic thinkers and leaders able to step up with called upon. The authors mention “Talent Sustainability” (p. 248), there must be enough qualified employees ready to move up so the organization will not stall while searching for others to replace others due to attrition, or other opportunists. (4) Organizational Design, must take a number of variables into account while providing structure to an organization. Hughes et al. (2014) state “the design of the organization is a trade-off between options, each with advantages and disadvantages” (p 253). The correct design can help clear the hierarchy of an organization and the proper channels for
Leadership is the defining factor of a successful organization today. With the large number of companies in the world, there are just as many leadership styles. Understanding the different leadership styles is vital to the development of a management team as well as the organization. Matching the leadership style with the type needed for the organization in that point in time will impact the company in a positive manor. We can see examples of that in large corporations that will experience a shift in management when the level of production falls under a certain benchmark. The Blake Mouton Managerial Grid consists of five different leadership styles. The different styles outline the behaviours, traits, attitudes and focuses of the various leadership styles. The five styles are; Country Club, Impoverished, Middle of the Road, Team Leader, Produce or Perish leader. The model outlines how emphasizing on a particular area such as production could have negative repercussions onto another such as people. The grid is based on the idea that when the concern for both production and people are high, employee engagement and production will rise as well.
Organizations are typically defined by their structural dimensions since these are visible and easily calculated qualities. Although these are key to an organization’s success, even more important are the contingency factors since these are the larger settings that influence and determine the structural dimensions (Daft, 2016, p. 17). Moreover, Six Sigma has the greatest influence on these contingency factors since the overall goal of the administrative innovation is to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the organizational technology. Additionally, Six Sigma has evolved into a strategic and cultural method of thinking and performing. Consequentially, utilizing the Six Sigma method influences an organization’s technology, strategy and goals, and the culture of an organization. Additionally, the actual application of the Six Sigma methods can help improve processes to allow an organization to influence their environment.
Flat organizational structure is arguably best suited to respond to complex and turbulent environments facing organizations today (Burns & Stalker, 1994). This bold statement came from observation by these two researchers who in the 1950s spent time in a British manufacturing firm. This firm particularly adopted novel approaches to management and production, giving only title to managing director but entirely avoided defining roles and functions for its overall employees. Ongoing modification of goals and procedures through weekly team meetings are done to assess emergent situations and tackle problems that rise at the moment. Regular weekly meetings at this firm resulted in participative act by its employees to solve problems and collaborate at the discussion. Hence, problems are solved by collective effort instead of one’s authority. Burns and Stalker concluded that there are two ideal organizational types. First type is the traditional mechanistic bureaucracy and the second is the alternative types which are more responsive to environment and less hierarchical. They named this second types organic structure. They also added, mechanistic organization and organic organization is needed at different kind of environment. Mechanistic bureaucracy is more fit in stable environment but on the opposite site, organic organization is more suited to environments which are turbulent and full of changes.
Every organization, whether it is an educational setting or a business setting, has the same basic principle. Each shapes and molds different ideas and ingredients to produce a good or service to deliver to external clients in the community or society. The success of the organization depends on the client satisfaction and the usefulness of what was delivered (Quality Management Plus, 30). Roger Kaufman’s Organizational Elements Model distinguishes between the different elements that make up an organization’s work.
Besides that, OB can serve managers, leaders and customers’ purposes. To begin with managers who have to expand their information about the attitude and group’s behavior to improve the organization work environment and to create a business plan to have a successful organization. First of all, managers can build a better workplace by recognizing the challenges that face any organizations because of some strategies that used in business environment. For example, one of the challenges are that having a cultural diversity in organization, so managers can build the organization with different cultures which help to encourage employee to do their job well and communicate with others in appropriate way. Secondly, managers can measure the effectiveness and efficiency; also, they can identify the strength and weakness of the organization. According to national institutes of health, Organizational effectiveness is about each individual doing everything they know how to do and doing it well (NIH, 2004). Moreover, OB offers ways that provide ways in how managers can trust their employees’ potential and using a reward system to enhance employees’ performance. OB is helping the managers on providing some strategies such as indentifying problems by searching and gathering information to have an accurate decision.
If the performance of the organisational structure, culture and management style of the organisation is poor, the overall business will have difficulties in achieving its objectives.
In Apple’s case, employees are effectively developed and combined into an organizational culture that assists rapid innovation. Such innovation is observable in terms of products like the iPad, iPhone and iWatch. So, they use autocratic and transitional culture and innovative culture. Jobs always push his employees harder than harder to get better results. The case that the third generation of mobile network which had problem, that project team was disbanded and the project leader take his responsibility. It’s clear that the individual or groups of the authority that they require to perform their functions, and they have to account for their performance and take their own responsibility. The key point that apple’s success is there is no secrecy within the
Advantage of hieratical organisation Employees know their objectives clear in their job task and carry out efficiently. Beside that, every staff specialised their job. For example: engine designers responsible for designer and develop engine. HR staff responsible recruits and select people. Divide of labour and specialization can be applied so that it increase the working efficient and reduce operation cost.
Consequently, the most important object to learn is that external factors, coupled with the internal environment factors have a decisive impact on the functioning of the organization. All factors are closely twisted and affect each other. The manager should be able to analyze all these factors together and without losing any of the mind and make the right
Organizational structure within an organization is a critical component of the day to day operations of a business. An organization benefits from organizational structure as a result of all it encompasses. It is used to define how tasks are divided, grouped and coordinated. Six elements should be addressed during the design of the organization’s structure: work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, spans of control, centralization and decentralization. These components are a direct reflection of the organization’s culture, power and politics.