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Chapter 5 historical foundations of education
Chapter 5 historical foundations of education
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Throughout the history of education, ideas and theories have changed and adapted over time
to suit the needs of modern students. Through this adaptation of pedagogy includes the
teaching and learning of mathematics. Pound and Lee (2011) point out that traditionally,
mathematics has been seen by many as a ‘difficult’ subject that students can only master if
they have an intuition for the subject. They continue to state that this common misconception
should be abandoned, and every child given their chance to evolve their understanding of
mathematics due to the fact that everyone has the inherent ability to learn the subject. As
such, the way that mathematics is taught needs to be of consideration, and the general
mindset toward the concept of
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A meta-
analysis conducted by Gianconia & Hedges (1982) in relation to humanistic approaches in
schools concluded that although humanism in schools promoted creativity, collaboration and
motivation similar to the ideals of social constructivism, it had no effect on the learning of
mathematical and scientific subject matter. Humanism in schools should not completely be
disregarded, as it has brought to schools the concepts of teaching healthy habits and values
such as being a good citizen, whereby the teaching of these concepts were largely abandoned
Running head: SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORY & EDUCATION
prior to the conception of humanism (Combs, 1978). Therefore, humanism in its entirety
cannot be implemented in schools due to its lack of success in the teaching of subject matter,
however aspects of humanism may be ideal to incorporate.
The social constructivist perspective is more relevant to the current educational environment
due to its proposed outcomes and its emphasis on playfulness and creativity (Levin,
Social constructivism is defined as the perspective that focuses on people's collective efforts to impose meaning on the world (1). The experiences a person goes through on a daily basis helps shape there perspectives. There are several benefits with social constructivism along with a few disadvantages. The main benefits being that it helps students learn and enjoy more when they are involved rather than sitting behind a desk and just listening
Maths is a tool needed for everyday life and it is a way of helping children to understand the concepts of the world around them. Using the programmes of study from the National curriculum and the EYFS curriculum for numeracy, Washingwell Community Primary school aim:-
Powell, K. Kalina, C. (2009). Cognitive and Social Constructivism: Developing Tools for an Effective Classroom. Education, 130(2), 241-250. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.dbgw.lis.curtin.edu.au/pqdweb?did=1937522441&Fmt=7&clientId=22212&RQT=309&VName=PQD. (Document ID: 1937522441).
Mathematics has become a very large part of society today. From the moment children learn the basic principles of math to the day those children become working members of society, everyone has used mathematics at one point in their life. The crucial time for learning mathematics is during the childhood years when the concepts and principles of mathematics can be processed more easily. However, this time in life is also when the point in a person’s life where information has to be broken down to the very basics, as children don’t have an advanced capacity to understand as adults do. Mathematics, an essential subject, must be taught in such a way that children can understand and remember.
Powell, Katherine C, Kalina, Cody J “Cognitive and social constructivism: Developing tools for an effective classroom” Education, Winter2009, Vol. 130 Issue 2, p241-250, 10p
Mathematical dialogue within the classroom has been argued to be effective and a ‘necessary’ tool for children’s development in terms of errors and misconceptions. It has been mentioned how dialogue can broaden the children’s perception of the topic, provides useful opportunities to develop meaningful understandings and proves a good assessment tool. The NNS (1999) states that better numeracy standards occur when children are expected to use correct mathematical vocabulary and explain mathematical ideas. In addition to this, teachers are expected
...ett, S. (2008) . Young children’s access to powerful mathematical ideas, in English, Lyn D (ed), Handbook of international research in mathematics education, 2nd edn, New York, NY: Routledge, pp. 75-108.
Using literacy strategies in the mathematics classroom leads to successful students. “The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM, 1989) define mathematical literacy as an “individual's ability to explore, to conjecture, and to reason logically, as well as to use a variety of mathematical methods effectively to solve problems." Exploring, making conjectures, and being able to reason logically, all stem from the early roots of literacy. Authors Matthews and Rainer (2001) discusses how teachers have questioned the system of incorporating literacy with mathematics in the last couple of years. It started from the need to develop a specific framework, which combines both literacy and mathematics together. Research was conducted through
We must first look at the need for a constructivist approach in a classroom, to do this we think back to our days in primary school and indeed secondary school where textbooks we like bibles. We were told to take out our books, look at the board, and now complete the exercise on page z. This approach in a class is repetitive, the teacher holds authoritarian power and learning is by no means interactive. “In a traditional classroom, an invisible and imposing, at times, impenetrable, barrier between student and teacher exists through power and practice. In a constructivist classroom, by contrast, the teacher and the student share responsibility and decision making and demonstrate mutual respect.” (Wineburg, 2001) This approach focuses on basic skills and strict adherence to the curriculum. Children are being forced to learn through repetit...
In today's society, students are so overloaded with unnecessary classes that they are deprived of a better future. Students drag themselves through school like robots, waiting for the programming to properly function in the world. However, not every student is destined to be a scientist or a mathematician; some are meant to be make-up artists, or thespians. In the school system every gift deserves to thrive. 150 years ago the world contrasts today’s society directly, from slavery, and many other laws, to the changes in fashion and music throughout the decades.
As a secondary subject, society often views mathematics a critical subject for students to learn in order to be successful. Often times, mathematics serves as a gatekeeper for higher learning and certain specific careers. Since the times of Plato, “mathematics was virtually the first thing everyone has to learn…common to all arts, science, and forms of thought” (Stinson, 2004). Plato argued that all students should learn arithmetic; the advanced mathematics was reserved for those that would serve as the “philosopher guardians” of the city (Stinson, 2004). By the 1900s in the United States, mathematics found itself as a cornerstone of curriculum for students. National reports throughout the 20th Century solidified the importance of mathematics in the success of our nation and its students (Stinson, 2004). As a mathematics teacher, my role to educate all students in mathematics is an important one. My personal philosophy of mathematics education – including the optimal learning environment and best practices teaching strategies – motivates my teaching strategies in my personal classroom.
There are many specific aspects of constructivism when relating it to the classroom and the learner, at whatever age. As mentioned before, the social aspect of constructivism is important in the classroom. The socialization and interaction are an essential part of the classroom. It is in a constructivism classroom where a child can use his or her social activity to be influenced or influence other students’ beliefs and values.
Devlin believes that mathematics has four faces 1) Mathematics is a way to improve thinking as problem solving. 2) Mathematics is a way of knowing. 3) Mathematics is a way to improve creative medium. 4) Mathematics is applications. (Mann, 2005). Because mathematics has very important role in our life, teaching math in basic education is as important as any other subjects. Students should study math to help them how to solve problems and meet the practical needs such as collect, count, and process the data. Mathematics, moreover, is required students to be capable of following and understanding the future. It also helps students to be able to think creativity, logically, and critically (Happy & Listyani, 2011,
Throughout out this semester, I’ve had the opportunity to gain a better understanding when it comes to teaching Mathematics in the classroom. During the course of this semester, EDEL 440 has showed my classmates and myself the appropriate ways mathematics can be taught in an elementary classroom and how the students in the classroom may retrieve the information. During my years of school, mathematics has been my favorite subject. Over the years, math has challenged me on so many different levels. Having the opportunity to see the appropriate ways math should be taught in an Elementary classroom has giving me a
Allowing children to learn mathematics through all facets of development – physical, intellectual, emotional and social - will maximize their exposure to mathematical concepts and problem solving. Additionally, mathematics needs to be integrated into the entire curriculum in a coherent manner that takes into account the relationships and sequences of major mathematical ideas. The curriculum should be developmentally appropriate to the