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Prenatal influences that affect infant development
Prenatal influences that affect infant development
Biological influences on prenatal development
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Maternal Serum Marker Test
Maternal serum markers tests determine the presence of pregnancy as well as the age of the fetus. The test allows the patient to be screened for the presence of fetal risk as determined by levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), estriol, and human chorionic gonadotropin (Hcg) (Genetic Alliance, 2010). Maternal serum screening test is a blood test which is offered during pregnancy to determine the risks of neural tube defects, Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and Edward syndrome (trisomy 18) to the fetus. ("Pregnancy tests," 2014). During the first trimester maternal serum testing is used in combination with ultrasound to determine the risks. The test involves blood screening between 9 and 13 weeks gestations and an ultrasound
If a healthy female mouse gets pregnant, then excluding the weight she gains from simply growing, she will gain weight at a bit less than an exponential rate.
Instead of focusing on what others were or were not doing, I decided to start focusing on me and goals I wanted to accomplish. One day, I was on the computer surfing the net and happened to get on social media. I happened to come by a post about The Birth Well doula training. A doula is a professional birth support person who assist women emotionally, physically, and with information during pregnancy, birth, and for a short while during postpartum. This sounded like a perfect opportunity to exercise my getting out and broadening my circle and meeting new people all the while fulfilling my birth worker goals from long ago. I decided to look into it, so on the day of the Q & A meeting I attended. I learned about the process, and I signed up for the classes. I was both super excited, and also super nervous at the same time because my family and I were experiencing financial hardships at the time, and I was about to be taking $400 dollars of our funds and investing into a career that was all up to me on whether or not it flourished.
Abstract: The objectives of this lab was to identify the internal and external anatomy of the fetal pig. The experiment was conducted by dissecting a fetal pig and actively seeing the external anatomy, Oral Cavity, Digestive System, Circulatory System, Respiratory System, Urogenital System, and Nervous System.
There are several techniques of prenatal screening. The most common is blood testing. It is used to determine the blood type and Rh factor of a mother and the fetus. This is to prevent the complication caused by antigen-antibody reaction of Rh group of the mother and the fetus which may lead to haemolytic anemia. Besides that, blood test is also able to detect some of the blood borne diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis B, C and D and rubella. Ultrasound, on the other hand, can determine the growth and development of a fetus in the amniotic sac. It can detect structural defects such as spinal bifida and anencephaly, congenital heart defects, gastrointestinal and kidney malformations and cleft lip. Furthermore, genetic test is used to determine the chromosome condit...
Carrier testing is a popular option for couples who are looking to reproduce and are coming from at-risk populations. It is common for those who chose to undergo carrier testing to be aware of results or genetic disease in their family history. Prenatal testing is available to determine whether a fetus has inherited two, one from each parent, copies of the mutated gene that will cause TSD. Prenatal testing is generally utilized when both parents cannot be ruled out as carriers. Prenatal testing is performed via an assay of Hex A enzyme activity in the fetus’s cells. The cells are taken by chorionic villus sampling—when tissue is taken from the fetal portion of the placenta— or amniocentesis—where amniotic fluid is
I utilized critical thinking skills when I provided care for my patients on the postpartum unit. I was assign a mother and her infant 24 hours post-delivery. Being that the infant was 24 hours old I did every four hour assessments on the mother and infant. I made sure I followed the acronym BUBBLE (breast, uterus, bowel, bladder, lochia, episiotomy) to assess the mother, as well as following the newborn assessment for her infant. I had no abnormal assessment findings. I made sure I reported the assessment to the RN I was working under, and documented in the patient’s record.
Genetic testing is the testing of DNA in a patient’s blood in order to detect genetic disorders. This can be used to predict the disease risk of an embryo, an unborn infant, or a fully grown patient, including the individual’s risk of passing on a genetic disorder to offspring (National Institute of Health [NIH], 2013). To test adult patients, a blood sample is first taken from the patient and the DNA ...
Performance Characteristics of Postpartum Screening Tests for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review, 18(7), Retrieved from http://lib-proxy.calumet.purdue.edu:2461/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=15&sid=af725124-1c4c-4d18-9e92-35d14ad23d66%40sessionmgr4&vid=15&sid=af Diabetes Information Hub -. (2011). The 'Standard' of the 'Standard'. Retrieved from http://diabetesinformationhub.com/GestationalDiabetes.php. Mayo Clinic. (2010).
The purpose of this lab was to experiment with various ways to separate mixtures into its pure components. Depending on whether a mixture is homogeneous or heterogeneous, mixtures can be separated by physical means and their physical properties. In this lab, we used chromatography, which is a technique that uses the differences in physical properties and intermolecular forces of the components in a mixture to separate them. Although there are different forms of chromatography, they all have a stationary and mobile phase. The mobile phase moves through the stationary phase and carries the components of the mixture at different rates. In this lab, paper chromatography and column chromatography will be used.
This is called newborn screening. Within newborn screening there three test normally given. This screening occurs not long after birth and can provide details about developmental, genetic and metabolic disorders. Two test completed in the screening are for hearing loss and for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). The hearing test is completed by placing either a tiny earpiece of microphone in the infants’ ear with a sound playing to see whether the infant responds or not. Another way the test is given is by using tiny earphones and electrodes that are placed on the infant’s head to detect the brains response to sound (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 2015). The other tests that may be performed is the CCHD screen which the amount of oxygen in an infant’s blood is measured. In order to do this a sensor is placed on the infants’ skin for a couple of minutes, while the sensor measures the level of oxygen in the blood. Within in newborn screening there is also another tests which is the most important
second, prenatal testing, is a testing of a fetus at risk for the disease. The
Prenatal genetic screening in particular is a polarizing topic of discussion, more specifically, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). PGD is one of the two techniques commonly used to genetically screen embryos in vitro; it is usually done at the eight-cell stage of division. PGD is most often performed when there is the risk that one or both parents carry disease-causing mutations. It is extensively used by high-risk individuals trying to conceive babes who will be free of particular mutations. PGD can test for over 50 genetic conditions and even allows for sex selection if there are underlying gender-associated medical conditions. When the results are satisfactory, the selected embryo is implanted into the mother’s uterus. While a controversial technique, preimplantation genetic diagnosis is one example of some of the good genetic testing can do, more benefits will be furthe...
Electronic Fetal Monitoring Technology has had a very prominent influence on electronic fetal monitoring since its appearance in the 1960’s and 1970’s. For many years, fetal monitoring was simply done by listening to a fetal heartbeat through a stethoscope. Dramatic changes in the heartbeat, such as a long period or a drop in the rate or intensity, could be detected,. Now, not only is the electronic fetal monitor used on the outside of the womb by strapping electrodes to the mother’s abdomen but electrodes can also be inserted during the first stage of labor and placed directly on the baby ’s head.
The prenatal period is considered the period between the conception of a baby until its birth. During this time embryo's and fetus go through major changes to prepare for their life after birth. In the years after they are born, what we call infancy and toddlerhood, while as adults we don't seem to change much in a year or two, children go through many changes that are crucial in developing the patterns of their futures.
The authors recommend after the first afterbirth check takes place at 30 seconds and includes additional considerations to the Apgar score such as that of the gestation period (ie. preterm), meconium in the amniotic fluid or on the skin and any congenital abnormalities that are visible (Pairman et al.,