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Masculine and feminine identity
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You determine a human’s sex with the XY Sex-Determination System. All humans, most mammals, and a smattering of plants, insects, and reptiles become classified by the set of chromosomes that they’re born with. Females are homogametic (having the same sex chromosomes, XX), while males are heterogametic (have different chromosomes, XY). There are conditions where it is possible to have a different chromosome lineup than the typical two stated here. The most common is being intersex, happening 1 in 2000 births. If you’re intersex, then you were born with heterogametic chromosomes, but they both never became fully developed, meaning you could lose some of the typical male or female secondary sexual characteristics, i.e. pubic hair, enlarged Adam’s …show more content…
apple, breasts, etc. Some people find it beneficial to have surgery to “correct” these secondary features, so that they will lean more towards one sex. There’s more intersex people than Jewish people on Earth. Less common abnormalities with chromosomes can include too many chromosomes, for example, if you were born with four X chromosomes you have Tetrasomy X, five and you have Pentasomy X. There’s an XYY and XXY syndrome, as well. These all determine sex and the biological aspects of it, but sex and gender are two different things. There is a difference between sex and gender. Gender, according to the Merriam Webster, is “the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex.”. Sex, according to the same source, is “the sum of the structural functional, and behavioral characteristics of organisms that are involved in reproduction marked by the union of gametes (sperm or eggs) and that distinguish males and females.” To put it simply, just because you have one sex, doesn’t mean you have to have the same gender. Christine Delphy (a French sociologist and theorist, 1941- present) argues that gender proceeds sex and it’s more important to focus on the value of a person, rather than automatically categorizing them into a role that they happen to be born into. As Chaz Bono, formerly Chastity Bono, says, “Gender is between your ears and not between your legs”. Gender is more determined by what you identify as, rather than the sex that was biologically determined for you. There are three areas in the dimensions of gender to explore; body, identity, and expression. There are many different genders to identify to, which leads me to my next topic, the 63 genders. By the time this paper has been published, there are 63 different genders that people have identified to.
The genders range from what a large part of society would view as normal, Masculine Heterosexual Man and Feminine Heterosexual Woman, to what’s people accept more in today’s progressive society, Feminine Homosexual Man or Masculine Homosexual Woman, to genders that you cannot easily find in the drop bar of a survey, Androgyne Homosexual Andromale or Feminine Female-Attracted Androdrite and 57 other options. Why are all these different options necessary? People have always felt the need to categorize or sub-categorize themselves, it’s a subconscious effect. When we were infants, our brains started to categorize what’s dangerous and what’s not. It’s our survival instinct. We learned that fire is hot and dangerous, and soft marshmallows weren’t and also fun to eat. So, naturally, as we grew older and today where people of all ages feel more comfortable talking about previous tragedies or mental illnesses, it makes sense that everyone feels more comfortable talking about and identifying to some of the “odder” genders that aren’t as common. Millennials are mostly to thank, because GLAAD (Gay & Lesbian Alliance against Defamation) ran a survey and found that 20% of 18-34 year old’s identify as something on the LGBTQA+ spectrum, compared to the 7% of the 52-71 year
old’s.
While sex refers the biological characteristics that make up a person, their gender is determined by the behaviors and attitudes considered “proper” by society according to their sex.
Although homosexuality is not a mental disorder in and of itself, gay men and other men who have sex with men can present with poorer mental health outcomes as a result of social discrimination, rejection, isolation and marginalization.3 4, 5 According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, gay men and other MSM are at increased risk for major depression, bipolar disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder, the common basis of which is likely homophobia.6 Sustained stress from this can also lead MSM to contemplate suicide or cope through substance use.7 Although providing appropriate mental health support for gay men and other MSM from a clinical perspective is similar to treating anyone else with mental challenges, it is critical to recognize the role that structural and social barriers play in exacerbating negative mental health outcomes among these individuals.
In this article, Shaw and Lee describe how the action of labels on being “feminine” or “masculine” affect society. Shaw and Lee describe how gender is, “the social organization of sexual difference” (124). In biology gender is what sex a person is and in culture gender is how a person should act and portray themselves. They mention how gender is what we were taught to do in our daily lives from a young age so that it can become natural(Shaw, Lee 126). They speak on the process of gender socialization that teaches us how to act and think in accordance to what sex a person is. Shaw and Lee state that many people identify themselves as being transgendered, which involves a person, “resisting the social construction of gender into two distinct, categories, masculinity and femininity and working to break down these constraining and polarized categories” ( 129). They write about how in mainstream America masculinity and femininity are described with the masculine trait being the more dominant of the two. They define how this contributes to putting a higher value of one gender over the other gender called gender ranking (Shaw, Lee 137). They also speak about how in order for femininity to be viewed that other systems of inequality also need to be looked at first(Shaw,Lee 139).
Well what is gender and what do we mean by gender roles? “Gender describes the socially-constructed roles and responsibilities that societies consider appropriate for men and women” (World Health Organization). All people on earth are affected by gender and the stereotypes that surround it. A person should be able to choose who they want to be and not be scared. Things are changing. According to the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, “same-sex sexual harassment extends to where the victim is singled out due to failure to conform to accepted gender stereotypes” (Parker Poe Adams & Bernstein LLP). This is very important for everyone to know and understand. It allows people the ability to express themselves in any way they choose, without the anxiety or fear of being harassed for their decisions because they are a certain gender. This has only o...
As Fritsch et al. states, “even as ‘queer’ became an established identity in the LGBTQ rainbow acronym, it also worked against the normalization of gender and sexuality by challenging the presumption of a two-gender system” (336). A majority of the queer community had/have conflicting thoughts about whether the term queer must be used as a way to distinguish or rather alienate oneself with from binary system. Many of the people within the community don’t like to separate themselves, believing that by doing so will push them further away from society when in reality this will result in losing their loved ones and friends. Others argued that by doing so they break apart the binary structure and in order everyone in a sense is queer; there is no set standard for what normal is. Moreover, people believe that with trying to embrace and embody the term queer, there will be negative emotions and actions made towards them which puts them at an even higher risk of being victimized. Being in the center staged of the whole movement not only brings conflict but it can in the long run off put people from overall trying to identify with the queer movement or the term queer
"A lot of people see gender as very one-sided, girl or boy, but in reality, even the choices of one, the other, both, or neither just don't feel right.” Many people don’t realize that there are more gender identities than just “male” and “female.” In June 2016, The Williams Institute at UCLA estimated that about 1.4 million US adult’s genders don't align with the one they were assigned at birth. One can identify as the opposite gender from their assigned sex, as no gender, as both, or as a unique identity not so easily categorized.
By analyzing my very own personal investment in the idea that heterosexuality is normal, I have realized that I am currently and that I used to deliberately present myself in a heterosexual persona to the world at large. Personally, when I was young, I used to be uncomfortable with women who broke the social norms of heteronormativity in public. I remember feeling anxious, and believing that one day soon society would perceive me as a divergent towards the norms because I hang out with women who didn’t present a heterosexual persona. I feared unspeakable things that would happen to me once I lost my privileges of being perceived as the ‘good’ heterosexual female. The lost of my social standing in society scared me; I was already a minority,
To begin with, gender must be examined at the basic level of science in regard to physical and biological development of humans. We all understand the physical differences between the male and female gender, but how is our sex actually determined. After conception,
The sex and gender binary is a socially-constructed classification of sex and gender into two distinct and biological forms of masculine and feminine. The binary is a restricting concept that enforces the ideology that solely two genders exist—it is a social boundary that limits people from exploring gender identity or mixing it up (Larkin, 2016). As Mann depicts it, the binary constrains us to take on one gender identity, and to follow through with the expected roles assigned to that gender. The implications are that it compels people to fit into the binary and follow the patriarchal, heteronormative traditions of society (Mann, 2012). However, the binary was not always so clear-cut, but certain concepts from scientific research such as the
Although this is mostly correct, there are some variations to the rule in which a person will differ from the assigned chromosomes and have physiological differences that will affect gender identity development. Eliza Dragowski, an assistant professor of psychology, writes in a report titled Childhood Gender Identity. Disorder? Developmental, Cultural, and Diagnostic Concerns, "The second path points to anatomical brain differences.
There is more to gender expression, gender identities and biological sex that can be seen. The reason we do not go out looking for the differences between them is because some individuals are afraid of any difference that breaks their social norm. Each person is unique in their own way by having vast differences and challenges that they may face to become themselves. These differences and challenges is what bring us together and make up the communities we live in. They could be one someones teacher, best friend, sister. or brother, they could even be someones role model. Those “different people,” such as the interssexed, transgendered, or even biological males/females that differ from our social (daily) norms in the end are not that different.
Sex and gender are terms that are mixed up from day to day and seen as similarities rather than differences. Sex is what distinguishes people from being either male or female. It is the natural or biological variation between males and females (Browne, 1998). Some of these variations are genital, body hair, and internal and external organs. It is the make-up of chromosomes, men have one X and one Y chromosome and women have two X chromosomes, which are responsible for primary characteristics (Fulcher and Scott, 2003).
In order to discuss the biology of gender identity and sexual orientation, it is necessary to first examine the differences between multiple definitions that are often mistakenly interchanged: sex, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity. Sexual orientation is defined by LeVay (2011) as “the trait that predisposes us to experience sexual attraction to people of the same sex as ourselves, to persons of the other sex, or to both sexes” (p. 1). The typical categories of sexual orientation are homosexual, heterosexual and bisexual. Vrangalova and Savin-Williams (2012) found that most people identify as heterosexual, but there are also groups of people that identify as mostly heterosexual and mostly gay within the three traditional categories (p. 89). This is to say that there are not three concrete groups, but sexual orientation is a continuum and one can even fluctuate on it over time. LeVay (2011) also defines gender as “the ...
There is a difference between sex, sex category and gender. Sex is the assigned title at birth based on genitally. West and Zimmerman (1987:127) define sex as “…a determination made through the application of socially agreed upon biological criteria for classifying persons as females or males. The criteria for classification can be genitalia at birth…” Sex categories are the categories (male, female) people are placed into on the basis of their genitally. West and Zimmerman (1987:127) elaborate on this definition, “Placement in a sex category is achieved through application of the sex criteria, but in everyday life.” Sex and sex category can be independent
Most of today’s theorists and scientists have a different perception of determining whether or not gender can be based on biological factors, or evolutionary factors. Gender determination involving humans can be identified by evaluating male and female chromosomes. Theorist of Penn State (2005) contains that chromosomes is a combination of instructions used to produce organism. As previously stated, the male chromosomes consist of X and Y. These two chromosomes are responsible for creating male gender and their ability to produce sperm. The female egg consists of double XX chromosome. Based on this theory, the X chromosomes carry a more dominant instruction manual than the Y chromosome.