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Effects of prison on society
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Prison settings may harden an individual and in turn challenge those people who have never been incarcerated or who already have a predisposed fear about being behind prison walls. Physical and mental hardships may await a large majority of convicts due to serve their sentence. Consequently, among those unpleasant experiences lies the issue of same-sex rape. According to Dumond (2003), “ rape among weak and susceptible prison inmates is currently one of the most psychologically tormenting crimes committed in prison which usually goes unnoticed, unattended and are usually not prosecuted.” Unfortunately, the issue of rape among inmates still continues and is currently facing a counter attack by legislation. Furthermore, Dumond (2003) indicates, “the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 was enacted to provide relief and hopefully reduce and eliminate the incidence of rape in prison.” The consequences of prison inmate rape are unbelievably ignored or treated with less importance. Several episodes of a traumatic sexual attack may be inflicted on the same person causing undesirabl...
The correctional subculture is not described as extensively as the police subculture; however, many elements of misconduct and criminal activities are similar (Pollock, 2014). The parallelism of corruption between the police and correctional officer are as follows: (1) use of force; (2) acceptance of gratuities from inmates; (3) mistreatment/sexual coercion of inmates; and (4) abuse of authority for personal gains (Pollock, 2014). According to Pardue et al. (2011), there are two types of sexual coercion found within the prison subculture and they are as follows: (1) coercion between convicts; and (2) coercion between convicts and staff members (p. 289). The Department of Corrections is aware of staff sexual abuse and harassment of women prisoners, and they have been playing “catch up” to accommodate the challenges of this persisting problem (Clear et al., 2013, p.
The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) was established in 2003 to secure and protect prison inmates from sexual abuse (National Prison Rape Elimination Commission p.44). The idea of eliminating rape within prison systems is not only beneficial to the prisoners, but also, to the staff. Victims of sexual assault are pin-pointed for unintentionally failing to succeed in rehabilitation methods due to their experience as sexual assault victims. Simply, if the prison system fails to provide a solution, then it fails in providing the full experience of an individual attaining rehabilitation while in prison. The impact on prison rape by PREA is noted below while highlighting the underlying framework that may constitute sexual incidents. PREA undoubtedly influences the prison system and it is an effective strategy if the execution of plan is as according to its guideline.
In society, a majority would consider the occurrences of sexual assault to be frequent in correctional facilities. Therefore, this assumption is another myth that has manifested within the general public. For an example, Ross presents how the mass media festers on the fear of sexual assault occurring to those who are incarcerated. In addition, in order to keep the intimidating notion of power within correctional institutions, the media will continue to be utilized within
One in three teen delinquents are sexually assaulted by staff members during their time in juvie. Even in the place that is supposed to oppose crime takes part in it. Juvenile Detention Centers are supposed to help minors get on the right track for the rest of their life ahead of them. In 2003 The Prison Rape Elimination Act [PREA] was passed to help prevent and protect against prison rape. Though that was passed it still goes on and the superiors of the inmates are still getting away with it.
In fact, one of the most leading violence in the prison setting is sexual victimization. It involves different behaviors from sexually abusive contact to nonconsensual sexual assault. These assaults present bigger issues within the prison such as being exposed to sexually transmitted diseases like HIV, causing the inmate to retaliate, depression and suicidal gestures. (Wolf, N, 2006) In 2011, a random sample of not less than 10% of all federal, state prisons, county prisons, and municipal prisons in America was drawn. At the end of the annual sample, 8,763 allegations of sexual victimization were reported by the Bureau of Justice Statistics. (Roberts, N., 2014) As stated, this only included 10% percent of the prison excluding the other 90 % of prisons in America. In 2009, 7,855 allegations were filed and in 2010, 8,404 with 51 percent involving nonconsensual sex acts or abusive contact amongst inmates. The other 49% involved prison staff that resulted in sexual misconduct and sexual harassment. In 2012, the Department of Justice estimated that about 1 in 10 inmates were sexually assaulted by officers with high expectation that it would only continue to increase. (Roberts, N.,
It is very difficult to prevent sexual violence outside the prison and jail area, nevertheless, imagine the issue inside the prison and jail area. There are people who will think the inmates deserve it and that they should not be helped since they are prisoners. Sexual violence has been going on for centuries and it is not a new issue. It is not until the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 that requires the Bureau of Justice Statistics to develop new national data collections on the incidence and prevalence of sexual violence within correctional facilities. The BJS completed the third annual national survey of administrative records in adult correctional facilities between January 1 and June 30, 2007 that provides an understanding of what officials know, based on the number of reported allegations, and the outcomes of follow-up investigations. The 2006 results were compared with those from 2004 and 2005 to assess trends in sexual violence for the first time since the Act was passed.
This article is about a 17 year old prisoner known as John Doe 1 who was raped repeatedly while servicing time in a correctional facility in Ionia, Michigan. John Doe’s story is heartbreaking read as he discussed his years of experience being raped, the lack of protection from the correctional system, within prisons, and the Prison Rape Elimination Act (“PREA”), which failed to be properly enforced. Before John’s life in prison, he had a rough childhood. His mother tried to kill him at the age of four (4) by leaving him in their apartment then setting the building on fire. John’s mother was sent to prison and he was forced to go live with his grandparents. His grandmother did not want him but took care of John because that was her daughter’s
Prison rape generally involves physical assault, which represents a special kind of sexual victimization behind bars. According to PREA (2003), the aggressors themselves have suffered much damage to their masculinity in the past and most do not consider themselves to be homosexuals. Victims’ who experience the sexual assault sometimes become violent, attacking and may even kill the person who raped them. The HRT (Human Rights Watch) researchers found that prisoners “that fit any part of the following description” are more than likely to become victims of rape: physically weak, young, small in size, first offender, gay, white, being unassertive, intellectual, shy, unaggressive, not street-smart, possessing ‘feminine’ characteristics such as long hair or a high pitch voice, or ‘passive’; or have been convicted of a sexual offense against a minor.
According to Crowther-Dowey and Silvestri, (2016) preserving a normal penitentiary and maintaining the right to lifespan is particularly important concerning women prisoners, who are over-exemplified in the self-mutilation and self-injury data. In the middle of 1990 and 2011 there have been 139 female inmates, who have become victims of the penal system (Crowther-Dowey & Silvestri, 2016). There is a disparity of females who have perished in the penitentiaries, and they are more probable to be in their youth, drug abusers, previously recognized as in danger of self-mutilation on onset, and similarly parents (Crowther-Dowey & Silvestri, 2016). Females are double as probable as males in the penitentiary
Incarceration is synonymous with loss. In an environment centered around punishment, the women who enter are stripped of their possessions, privileges, and sense of self. The ensuing vulnerability breeds a culture of mistrust and hardened facades that make it nearly impossible for nurses to infiltrate. Many of these individuals have experienced a pattern of abuse which has left them scarred both physically and emotionally. Upon incarceration, they step into a world of unknowns where they become disoriented and unable to cope with the unfamiliarity of their surroundings. Inmates have no choice but to acculturate, for fear of being stripped of the few privileges that remain (Christensen, 2014). This disconnect is but one of the many challenges
Almost ten percent of prisoners experience some sexual assault (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015). Then there is the issue of employees becoming involved sexually with prisoners. A federal examination came up with 32 systems to reduce sexual assault (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015). Reducing prison overcrowding was on the list (Schmalleger & Smykla, 2015).
Initially, when a person thinks about prison, it is more likely that they will think about men committing crimes rather than women, and this is a result of the fact that the prison system has long been shaped as a way of punishing and gaining penitence from men (Davis, 65). In her article, “How Gender Structures the Prison System”, Angela Davis writes, “Although men constitute the vast majority of prisoners in the world, important aspects of the operation of state punishment are missed if it is assumed that women are marginal and thus undeserving of attention.” (Davis, 65) When considering the idea in this quote that women are under consideration in prison systems, it only makes sense that the prison system is ill-equipped to handle women at it’s core, and this is only more problematic when it is taken into consideration that women are the most rapidly increasing prison population (Davis, 65) Due to this lack of understanding in regards to how to treat women in the context of prisons, these institutions rely on archaic concepts of gender that include strict roles that women are expected to adhere to (Davis, 74).
Currently, suicide rates inside of female prisons have surpassed the rates of suicide within male prisons and even within the general female population. And understanding that this is a major concern, minimum progress has been made in the disciplinary policies regarding female offenders, even after knowing that females are more vulnerable than men to have the ability to withstand the harshness of living within a prison setting (Sharkey, 2010). To show this, the population within female correctional facilities has increased significantly within the last decade from 1,998 offenders in 1995 to over 4,392 offenders in 2006 (Prison Reform Trust,
When one hears about the abuse of a child, they are immediately moved and feel pity for the kid. However, when one hears about the mistreatment of prisoners, one does not feel the same way more or less because they believe that the prisoner deserves whatever comes to them. Mistreatment of prisoners in the United States is not as uncommon as many may think. In American prisons today, deliberate staff brutality and degrading treatment of inmates occur across the country with distressing frequency. According to CBS News in 2009, 60,000 inmates are sexually abused every year; unfortunately, this number does not even include the number of physically abused inmates along with that. These prisoners do not deserve the abuse that comes to them, many of which are undeserving. Although they are convicts for a reason, they are foremost human beings.
Although this essay outlines and identifies the difficulties and issues women often face in prison and clearly demonstrates how the conditions are far worse than that of a male prison, it is not to say that men don’t face cruelty and harsh conditions in prisons also. Men also face difficulties and issues particular to their own respects, but when laid out plainly, we see that women in prisons do have a more difficult time mentally, socially, and health wise.