Marie-Anne Paulze Lavoisier and her husband, Antoine Lavoisier, were the founders of the way oxygen works in a combustion and even named the element. Marie-Anne was the one to spread the word of chemistry when her husband was beheaded for his involvement with taxation. No one gives her the credit to finding the way oxygen does work, but she had a major role in Antoine’s finding of chemistry. She helped him work and sketch his ideas. She had learned English and translated her husband’s work to many prominent scientist into either French or Latin. In the early 1780s, Lavoisier was very concerned with respiration. He had thought that combustion and respiration were once the same thing. Their name for oxygen was ‘fire air’. They discovered air and water to be identical elements. He designed an ingenious ice-calorimeter to measure the amount of emitted heat during combustion and respiration with the assistance of his great friend, Laplace. This creation had three chambers. Many called him the Batman of Chemistry. The Lavoisier’s also discovered the compound of water. Lavoisier found that the amount of heat needed to break down a compound is the same as the amount of heat given up during the compound's formation from its elements. …show more content…
Antoine’s discovery of the first textbook had many sketches and watercolors made by Marie-Anne. The text in this newly made book had text that established the new definition of ‘element’ and a summation of the 23 elements that science had identified during that time. Also in science, Antoine had formulated the law of conservation of matter. This established that there is no weight gain or loss in the elements of a chemical reaction. His book eventually was translated into Chinese to spread the word of their works with science around the world. Many people finally knew what science was and how it worked do to Lavoisier’s
When searching for lab space in 1894, Marie came across Pierre Curie. He was the laboratory chief at the Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry. The meeting of Pierre and Marie would not only change their individual lives, but also the course of Science.
Steven Shapin’s book entitled Scientific Revolution begins with the provoking statement that “there was no such thing as a Scientific Revolution” (197). However, he incorporates the stories about the frontiers of scientific tradition and discovery such as Galileo, Boyle, Newton, Copernicus, Bacon, Descartes, and Huygens. Nonetheless, Shapin organizes the book into two parts with the first concerning its organization. It is divided into three sections that ask three essential questions: what was known? (15); how was it known? (65); and what was the knowledge for?(119). Shapin’s claim is that the period of the ‘Scientific Revolution’ was a time in which new answers to these questions were brought up. The second part of the book becomes central to illustrating Shapin’s view.
Robert Boyle is the most influential Anglo-Irish scientist in history. He played a key role in the history of science by establishing the experimental method, on which all modern science is based (Mollan). Also, with his assistant Robert Hooke, he began pioneering experiments on the properties of gases, including those expressed in Boyle's law. He demonstrated the physical characteristics of air, showing that is is necessary in combustion, respiration, and sound transmission. He also wrote The Sceptical Chymist in 1661, in which he attacked Aristotle's theory of four elements. This was an essential part of the modern theory of chemical elements.
Robert Boyle studied modern chemistry and investigated air pressure. He made two important contributions to science especially medicine and gravitation. He was noted for his work on behalf of experimentation. “Boyle’s experimental approach to chemistry helped to bring it into the realm of modern scholarship” (Bowles, Kaplan, 2012). “Alchemy, a mystical or mysterious element that was associated with chemistry, was almost the only chemical investigation done until Boyle’s days” (Sweeney, 2014).Deceptive allegations, bizarre beliefs and absolute deception made medieval science a disgraceful means of research. “By substituting quasi-scientific work with the experimental method, Boyle did a great service for future generations of chemical researchers” (Sweeney, 2014).He did not make any particular discoveries that persist
The first person in the book was Sir Isaac Newton. Newton was a man that had deep depression and mostly kept to himself. If not for that quality he may not have made the discoveries that he did. He would often sit in the garden for hours on end just thinking and formulating his ideas about the universe. In fact, that is the very place where the ideas of gravity and centrifugal force first came to him. He noticed an apple fall, and wondered why the apple fell to the earth but the moon didn’t. The main discovery that Newton is credited with is the Universal Law of Gravitation. In the prologue, the book describes how this equation told scientists in NASA how to escape gravity and leave the earth to go to the moon. The Universal Law of gravitation is a fundamental law of the world today.
Florence Joyner was the American woman, who most female track runners wanted to be like. Many may know Joyner as “Flo Jo”. She was given that name because of her great speed. Joyner is considered to be the fastest woman of all time, based on the fact that she set the world record in 1988 in the 100m dash and 200m dash. Since her death, her records still stands in the 100m dash and 200m dash, running a 10.49 and 21.34. There are very fascinating and inspiring things about Joyner that some people may not know about her.
Blaise Pascal lived during a time when religion and science were clashing and challenging previous discoveries and ideas. Pascal lived from 1623 to 1662 due to his untimely death at the age of thirty nine. The scientific community grew enormously and Pascal was a great contributor to this growth. The growth in the scientific community is known as the Scientific Revolution. He lived in a time where an absolute monarch came into power, King Louis the XIV. Louis XIV was a believer in “one king, one law, and one faith” (Spielvogel, 2012). Pascal saw the destruction of protestant practices in France and the growth and acceptance of scientific discoveries. He used the scientific method to refine previous experiments that were thought to be logical but Pascal proved otherwise and eventually led to Pascal’s Law. He spent his life devoted to two loves: God and science. Within his book, “Pensees,” Pascal argues and shares his thoughts about God, science, and philosophy.
Le Chatelier was the oldest of six siblings in a privileged, Roman Catholic family, which allowed him to obtain a prestigious education. Le Chatelier attended College Rollin in Paris, where he worked towards two undergraduate degrees, obtaining them in 1867 and 1868. Le Chatelier then attended École Polytechnique a year later, in 1869, before transferring to the mining engineering program at École des Mines in Paris, graduating in 1873. Three years later, Le Chatelier married Genevieve Nicolas, and they had seven children (Lette, 2007). Le Chatelier worked as a mining engineer in Paris, and in 1877, he became a chemistry lecturer at Écoles des Mines. Le Chatelier had a personal laboratory, where he contributed to the Firedamp Commission, which was an effort to improve safety in mines. While working alongside mineralogist Ernest-Francois Mallard, Le Chatelier conducted experiments with explosives from which he gathered information to publish his first journal of scientific study. While working with these explosives, the results led Le Chatelier to improve measurements at very high temperatures, basing his studies on the thermocouple principle. During this study, Le Chatelier perfected the coupling of platinum with a platinum-rhodium alloy resulting in the development of the thermoelectric pyrometer, a device that indicates ...
Not only was Lavoisier a chemist, he had many other jobs that may have helped him discover many of the thing that he did. He was eventually killed by getting his head cut off. This happened to him because of many reasons including building a wall around Paris and being a tax collector, and supporting the French revolution. Lavoisier discovered that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.
Joseph Priestley and Antoine Lavoisier built the framework for modern chemistry during the enlightenment. Edward Jenner built a vaccine against smallpox, a deadly disease. These sort of scientific successes prompted European thinkers to use reason to find laws to govern the physical world, which they called natural laws. Natural laws are laws that govern human nature.
Henry Cavendish was born October 10, 1731 in Nice, France. His mother, Lady Anne Grey was the daughter of the first Duke of Kent while his father Lord Charles Cavendish, was second Duke of Devonshire. His ancestry links back to many of the aristocratic families in Great Britain. The chemist/physicist is most accredited for the discovery of hydrogen, the “inflammable air” and measuring the Earth’s density, but he also researched and discovered many other important scientific revolutions.
One of the greatest scientists of the 1700s and 1800s was a man named Joseph L. Proust. He was a French chemist who was born on September 26, 1754 in Angers, France and died on July 5, 1826 in Angers, France. Proust changed science as everyone before him knew it. His ideas at the time were not held too highly for what they were. Nowadays, people view him as one of the greatest chemists of the past in terms of atomic structure. He is well known for his theory of definite composition that he came up with in 1793. This theory states that the percent composition of any sample of a substance is the same. In order to come up with this theory, Proust conducted a series of experiments with a lot of research behind it. One of the most successful experiments that backed up his theory was with the oxides of iron in 1797.
It is interesting to note that the Encyclopédie had a number of contributors, many of whom were never named. Denis Diderot would serve as the main editor of the Encyclopédie. However, Jean le Rond d'Alembert also helped in the editing process up until 1759. Diderot’s Encyclopedia was also the first encyclopedia to truly explain the mechanical arts. The idea to create an encyclopedia full of information about the world was not necessarily a new idea.
...sues of his time, such as also saving the French’s silk industry after a mysterious disease attacked their nurseries, or creating the anthrax and rabies vaccines while revolutionizing the vaccination methods still in use partly today. He was given the highest scientific awards of his time and buried with prestige in a special location in France, a sure sign of respect for the bequeathed information we received from this great man (Ullmann, “Louis”). His discoveries created multiple different disciplines of science, saved many lives, prevented industrial collapses in his country, and are still very valid and strong ideas today. His legacy lives on in the multiple branches of science that he was simply too busy to allow the necessary amount of time to properly research. This is the type of man that our generation should look up to as a hero and use as an influence.
Boyle in particular is regarded as the founding father of chemistry due to his most important work, the classic chemistry text The Sceptical Chymist where the differentiation is made between the claims of alchemy and the empirical scientific discoveries of the new chemistry.[34] He formulated Boyle 's law, rejected the classical "four elements" and proposed a mechanistic alternative of atoms and chemical reactions that could be subject to rigorous