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Gender-based discrimination in the 20th century
Gender-based discrimination in the 20th century
Gender-based discrimination in the 20th century
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Margaret Floy Washburn was one of the leading women in the field of psychology in the early 20th century. She came from a wealthy family who was willing to pay her way through school. Given the circumstances, Washburn’s education did not come easy due to gender discrimination. She refused to let this stop her and thereby paved the way for many other females in the field of psychology. However, this is not the extent of her accomplishments. During her career, she contributed 69 experimental studies. Also, she was ranked one of the top 50 psychologists in the country at that time, and this is yet another indicator of how much she contributed to the study of psychology. (Psychology's Feminist Voices)
One of her more significant publications was The Animal Mind published in 1908. This was the first book specifically written regarding experimental studies on the psychology of animals. The Animal Mind covered a number of studies and experiments that attempted to describe the mental processes of animals. Her main focus was their attention span and learning processes. Thus, the book expanded the study of psychology and was commonly used in the study of comparative psychology for a number of years. (American Psychological Association )
Her second book titled the Movement and Mental Imagery emphasized her
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I admire the fact she did not let her gender depict her future and she decided to fulfill her dreams. Washburn was the second female to serve as the APA president. She also happened to be the first woman to earn a doctoral degree in 1894. At first, Columbia was not going to let her study there, but after three persistent months she refused to give up and finally got admitted into Columbia and attended Cattell's classes. Through these two great accomplishments, Washburn helped pave the way for other women in the field of
Annie Turnbo Malone was an entrepreneur and was also a chemist. She became a millionaire by making some hair products for some black women. She gave most of her money away to charity and to promote the African American. She was born on august 9, 1869, and was the tenth child out of eleven children that where born by Robert and Isabella turnbo. Annie’s parents died when she was young so her older sister took care of her until she was old enough to take care of herself.
The athlete I chose is Natasha Watley. She is a professional softball player and the first African-American female to play on the USA softball team in the Olympics. She’s a former collegiate 4-time First Team All-American who played for the UCLA Bruins, the USA Softball Women’s National Team, and for the USSSA Pride. She helped the Bruins will multiple championships and also holds numerous records and one of the few players to bat at least .400 with 300 hits, 200 runs, and 100 stolen bases. She’s also the career hits leader in the National Pro Fast pitch. She won the gold medal in the 2004 summer Olympics and a silver in the Beijing Olympics. She was inducted into the UCLA Athletics Hall of Fame in 2014.
When most people think of Texas legacies they think of Sam Houston or Davy Crockett, but they don’t usually think of people like Jane Long. Jane Long is known as ‘The Mother of Texas’. She was given that nickname because she was the first english speaking woman in Texas to give birth.
An influential American printmaker and painter as she was known for impressionist style in the 1880s, which reflected her ideas of the modern women and created artwork that displayed the maternal embrace between women and children; Mary Cassatt was truly the renowned artist in the 19th century. Cassatt exhibited her work regularly in Pennsylvania where she was born and raised in 1844. However, she spent most of her life in France where she was discovered by her mentor Edgar Degas who was the very person that gave her the opportunity that soon made one of the only American female Impressionist in Paris. An exhibition of Japanese woodblock Cassatt attends in Paris inspired her as she took upon creating a piece called, “Maternal Caress” (1890-91), a print of mother captured in a tender moment where she caress her child in an experimental dry-point etching by the same artist who never bared a child her entire life. Cassatt began to specialize in the portrayal of children with mother and was considered to be one of the greatest interpreters in the late 1800s.
The World of Psychology. (2002). A Pearson Education Company. Boston, MA: Samuel Wood & Ellen Green Wood p. 593
Getting the rights for women to vote in Nova Scotia was a big deal for Edith
Eugenia Cooney is a youtube star with one million plus subscribers. She does beauty and makeup videos, often dressing up for holidays and making several videos out of them. Eugenia is extremely skinny, with only 88 pounds to her body. She denies she has an eating disorder or other health problem along with her parents. Even after photos of her before she lost severe amounts of weight were leaked to the public she denied, still, that she had a health problem. All of this causes heads to be turned and people worried. Several other youtube stars had made videos about her trying to help her, as most of them say although some of them were being rude to her about her weight. Many of her fans got extremely upset over them saying anything about her and began to attack the people who actually tried to help her. She lost attention because of this and
Margaret Washburn is known for her studies on animal behavior and motor development theory. She argues that animal's mental states should be studied along with their behavior. She explained her studies in her book The Animal Mind which showed her studied of over 100 different species and their consciousness, psychology, and behavior. Washburn had a strong interest in studying how mental states could be shown through behavior which is where she developed her theory about motor development. She argued that all mental functions resulted in physical
Ciccarelli, S. K., & White, J. N. (2012). Psychology (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Because psychoanalysis was new, not as organized, and slow to catch on, many meetings were held in a casual setting between only a handful of professional acquaintances (McGovern). These small meetings eventually opened up and offered a safe place for women to participate in a relaxed and accepting professional environment. The opportunity for women to share their brilliant minds “allowed women to demolish any vestiges of doubt among analysts about the intellectual limitations of women as professionals” (McGovern 546). It was through patience and earnest sincerity and passion that the women of twentieth century America were able to overcome the libel their sex was labeled with and earn their place to state their theories and
The development of psychology like all other sciences started with great minds debating unknown topics and searching for unknown answers. Early philosophers and psychologists such as Sir Francis Bacon and Charles Darwin took a scientific approach to psychology by introducing the ideas of measurement and biology into the way an indi...
Shields, S. 1975. Functionalism, Darwinism, and the psychology of women. American Psychologist, 30(7) (1935-990X), pp. 739-754. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.hope.ac.uk/ehost/detail?sid=3fc226ef-3f32-4b57-9f0c-89acb4bcade1%40sessionmgr111&vid=4&hid=4101&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pdh&AN=1975-29522-001 [Accessed: 10th Jan 2014].
Mary Cover Jones was born on September 1, 1896 and died at the age of 91 in 1987 (Krasner, 1988). For many years, Jones was a typical housewife and mother. Yet, she wanted more. She wanted a career in the field of psychology. Just as everyone else, Jones struggled throughout her life to become the psychologist that she really wanted to be. She failed at attending specific colleges and seminars. However, she was not one to give up and finally ended up attending Vassar and Columbia University to obtain her degree in psychology. “Throughout her career Mary was quite involved in the child development/education field as parent/teacher/researcher/author” (Krasner, 1988, p. 91). Though she played many roles within the psychology field during her lifetime, Mary Cover Jones played more of a role within the field of developmental psychology rather than behavior therapy (Logan, 1980). Mary Cover Jones played a very important role in the world of psychology from day one by doing work within the direct area of children (the elimination of fear, self-conceptions and motivations of boys and self-conceptions and motivations girls).
Rieber, R. W. (2001). Wilhelm Wundt in history: the making of a scientific psychology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.
Boneau, C. A., Kimble, G. A., and Wertheimer, M. (1996) Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology, Volume II. Washington D.C. and Mahwah, NJ: American Psychological Association & Erlbaum Associates, Inc.