Topic C – Malaria
In “The Problem of Global Justice”, author Thomas Nagel establishes that there are various moral responsibilities nations within the international community have toward one another. He does this by claiming “the duties governing relations among peoples include not only nonaggression and fidelity to treaties, but also some developmental assistance to ‘peoples living under unfavorable conditions that prevent their having a just or decent political and social regime,’” (Nagel 124). Following from this premise, I will briefly explain why malaria is a significant public health issue that inherently constrains poorer nations to unfavorable conditions. After explaining this, I will then argue that wealthier nations have moral obligations based upon justice, cosmopolitan ideologies and moderate statist ideologies to help facilitate in the eradication of malaria globally.
Malaria is a deadly disease that is transmitted to humans via bites from infected female mosquitos carrying malaria parasites. People who develop the disease often become “very sick with high fever, shaking chills, and flu-like symptoms” (CDC). According to National Geographic, "malaria now affects more people than ever before. It's endemic to 106 nations, threatening half the world's population…This year malaria will strike up to a half billion people. At least a million will die, most of them under age five, the vast majority living in Africa,” (National Geographic). The high concentration of malaria-afflicted citizens in Africa can be attributed to the conducive climate for mosquitos, the sheer number of mosquitos, and most importantly, the inability for many countries to sustain enough anti-malarial resources, medical care, and preventative measu...
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"Malaria: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10 Dec. 2012. Web. 6 Dec. 2013.
What kills more than two thousand children a day could potentially spread around the world. All of the most effective drugs used on this disease in the last evades have gradually been rendered useless by its ability to evolve and develop. It is a life-threatening disease caused by parasites that are spread to people through the bites of infected Mosquitos. The most deadly of this disease lies in Cambodia. This deadly and drug-resistant disease is malaria. The story of drug-resistant malaria in Cambodia is significant because people in other countries could be affected and must be aware of the fact that it is becoming immune to the most powerful drugs used to fight it.
World Health Organization, 3 September 2007. Web. The Web. The Web. 4 Apr 2011.
Theories of global distributive justice address the following sorts of questions. Should we feel morally concerned about the large gap between the developing countries and the developed countries? What duty do us citizens have to provide assistance to the global poor? And what scale should we take the duties to?
Plasmodium Falciparum is the causative parasite of malignant malaria, it is the most deadly strain of the malaria viruses. P. Falciparum is a eukaryotic protozoan parasite that is spread through vector transmission using mosquitoes. The Anopheles mosquito family accounts for the majority of transmission because of their tendency to target humans (WHO, 2014). Malaria accounts for approximately five hundred thousand deaths each year in environments such as sub-Saharan Africa and other temperate areas where the life cycle of the mosquito is longer allowing the parasite to develop properly (WHO, 2014). Malaria usually infects children in these areas but also commonly spreads to travellers to these areas.
For several years, I have had an interest in virology and the spread and characteristics of various infectious diseases. Though it makes sense not to possibly induce a state of panic by informing individuals of illnesses that are not native to the area they live in and that they are not likely to contract, I have always liked to remain informed out of my own curiosity and interest. Thus, I have decided to write about malaria.
Combining the large amount of people mobilizing to the Sahel for development and its increase of temperature and humidity within the atmosphere, the lack of exposure the Sahel has to the disease serves well to a future outbreak (Ermert el. al., 2012). This coincides with what the World Health Organization has said, stating, “Malaria epidemics can occur when climate and other conditions suddenly favor transmission in areas where people have little or no immunity to malaria” (World Health Organization, 2014). Therefore, if the study done by Ermert el. al. (2014) stays true to its predications, the Sahel region may experience a great deal of infection. Image 1 below shows the integrated weather-disease model of infectious bites per human per year that Ermert el. al. (2012) makes using regional climate models. The Sahel begins to show a large amount of malaria cases throughout the region. Consequently, this only increases the needs states have for possible recommendations that may combat this phenomenon of climate
Malaria is a disease that is caused by parasites. It is transferred from one person to another by the infected female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria has been a serious health problem nowadays. WHO has provided the information that approximately 660,000 people died from malaria globally during 2010. Also, after estimating, there are 219 million cases of malaria infection in 2010 worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, being one the country that has the high rate of HIV, AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis, had 90% of the people that...
Malaria kills over 3000 children ever-single day 12. This statistic illustrates the tragic outcome that is associated with this devastating disease. In the United States, we fail to completely understand the gravity of Malaria because it is not relevant in our daily lives. The same cannot be said of other nations around the world that are still considered high-risk areas. Sub-Saharan Africa is widely known to bears the greatest mortality rate at the hands of this fatal infection 12. Despite constant efforts to fight malaria, several economic, social, and biological factors have hindered its eradication.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that: In 2010 alone there were an estimated 219 million cases of malaria and approximately 660.000 deaths. Most of the deaths occurred amongst children under the age of 5. There are currently (+ -) 104 malaria-endemic countries and approximately half the world’s population is at risk for infection, worldwide. These figures make malaria the leading cause of
Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are four times as likely to contract the disease and only half as likely to survive it.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 214 million cases of malaria reported in 2015, with mortality count has risen to more than 438,000 people dying from Malaria (parasite transmitted by mosquitos). Ninety-one percent of these deaths occurred in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite disease mortality rates falling by 37 percent since 2000, a child in Africa still dies every minute from malaria.
...at researchers are doing to try to eradicate malaria in underdeveloped countries such as Africa.
Malaria: a deadly disease if left untreated that is carried by mosquitos and transmitted to humans, causing them to have a fever and chills. This parasitic disease is the cause of over 780,000 deaths and 225 million acute illnesses in 2010. 80% of these deaths are children under the age of five, and most of these deaths were in sub-Saharan Africa. Other than Africa, this disease is very prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries.
American Journal Of Public Health103.1 (2013): 27-31. Business Source Premier.
Malaria is a vector-borne disease that is spread by the bite of a mosquito. According to National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (2014) “In 2013, 97 countries had ongoing malaria transmission, placing 3.4 billion people at risk for the disease. And in a globally connected world, even people living in the United States can be at risk. In 2011, nearly 2,000 people in this country were diagnosed with malaria—the highest number since 1971” (para. 2). Malaria is a disease that affects humans as well as animals. The mosquito transferring a parasite through a bite to the host; human or animal spreads this disease. M...