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Preventing malaria and other communicable diseases Disscussion and analysis
Comprehensive essay on malaria disease
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Understanding Malaria
For several years, I have had an interest in virology and the spread and characteristics of various infectious diseases. Though it makes sense not to possibly induce a state of panic by informing individuals of illnesses that are not native to the area they live in and that they are not likely to contract, I have always liked to remain informed out of my own curiosity and interest. Thus, I have decided to write about malaria.
Malaria kills more people than any communicable disease except for tuberculosis. It is caused by four species of parasitic protozoa that infect human red blood cells. Four different types of these protozoa are known: protozoa falciparum, protozoa vivax, protozoa ovale, and protozoa malariae. Protozoa falciparum is the most lethal of the four and accounts for the majority of infections. Malaria parasites are not able to survive unless they have both a mosquito and human host, however the disease cannot be hosted by any kind of mosquito, only those of the genus "anopheles".
Malaria is spread when the mosquito picks up the parasites from the blood of an infected human when it feeds. The mosquito will first recieve the malaria parasite from feeding on the blood of a person who may not neccessarily show symptoms of the disease, but has the parasites in their bloodstream. When the mosquito feeds again, these parasites will be passed on to another human being. Symptoms of malaria include fever, shivering, pain in the joints, headache, repeated vomiting, generalized convulsions, and coma. If not treated, the disease, especially that caused by protozoa falciparum, will progress to severe malaria. Severe malaria generally results in death.
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...DT has been in use in malaria control programs since the 1940's and has proved generally effective. The most common use of DDT in preventing the spread of malaria is to spray the backs of chairs and walls of a dwelling with the substance to keep out adult mosquitos who enter the dwelling to feed on those who live there. Though DDT treatments are still an effective way to stop the spread of malaria, some mosquitos have become resistant to the compound and therefore more methods of prevention must be utilized.
WWW Sources
1)Malaria Foundation International
http://www.malaria.org/
2)Malaria Fact Sheet
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/en/
3)Division of Parasitic Diseases - Malaria
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/malaria/default.htm
4)Malaria in Southern Africa
http://www.malaria.org.za/
5)Roll Back Malaria
http://mosquito.who.int/
Rachel Lloyd’s book is really a call to action because her book is saying that child trafficking is real and it’s something that needs to be stopped in it tracks right now because there are still victims and they need to know that their idea of safe is not the real meaning of it by a long shot.
In his short story, “Top of the Food Chain”, T.C. Boyle effectively argues that humans are destroying their planet with chemicals and that the general consensus of the public is that it is okay. He argues this efficaciously through the use of rhetorical and satirical devices, which are used throughout his story. Overall, I agree with Boyle’s argument that DDT is an especially harmful chemical to our planet, and while it may have had a place at one time, there is no need for it any longer.
With no treatment half of patients who enter the second phase die within ten to fourteen days. Similar to yellow fever, malaria was transmitted to humans through mosquito bites, causing symptoms such as fever, fatigue, and vomiting. Difficult to recognize at first malaria continues to cause yellowing of the skin, seizures, and even death; these symptoms normally begin after ten to fifteen days after being contracted. Malaria was brought over to early America through slavery and killed millions of people between the seventeenth and twentieth century. Throughout the growth and expansion of America there was been several disease outbreaks both endemic and epidemic such as small pox, measles, yellow fever, and malaria. Starting with the Colombian exchange and slavery these diseases were brought to the new world and spread like wildfires that devastated populations both native and nonnative. Most commonly known for the death toll on the native Americans these diseases were so costly due to low resistance, poor sanitation, and inadequate
There is little at face value that would alert an educated individual to the severity and the danger of Syphilis – the bacterium which causes syphilis, Treponema pallidum, appears as nothing more than a simple bacterium. The bacterium is spiral in shape, and is classified as Gram Negative (meaning that the bacterium lacks a thick layer of peptidoglycan in its cell wall). Syphilis infects it's victims through a limited number of ways – the most common way, however, is by entrance through chafed, cracked skin and through mucous membranes. Because of this, Syphilis is so effectively transmitted through sexual contact and sexual activity that it is primarily known as a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI). However, Syphilis does not limit itself to only the aforementioned modes of transportation. The disease is also effectively transmitted through blood transfusions, not to mention the passing of Syphilis from mother to child in the womb during pregnancy (CDC 2007).
Malaria is a deadly disease that is transmitted to humans via bites from infected female mosquitos carrying malaria parasites. People who develop the disease often become “very sick with high fever, shaking chills, and flu-like symptoms” (CDC). According to National Geographic, "malaria now affects more people than ever before. It's endemic to 106 nations, threatening half the world's population…This year malaria will strike up to a half billion people. At least a million will die, most of them under age five, the vast majority living in Africa,” (National Geographic). The high concentration of malaria-afflicted citizens in Africa can be attributed to the conducive climate for mosquitos, the sheer number of mosquitos, and most importantly, the inability for many countries to sustain enough anti-malarial resources, medical care, and preventative measu...
Nearly 500 whales beach themselves every year due to an excessive use of sonar. Military passive sonar (sound navigation and ranging) is killing and causing whales to avoid their major feeding and breeding grounds while temporarily deflecting from the high frequency sound coming from this unknown source. This event is raising hell in the political sector. Scientists have found many similarities between all the beached whales that have been in the same area that military sonar was being used. Military sonar is affecting the life of whales and their natural habitat for the worst.
In the world today, we know that whales are majestic creatures with amazing lifestyles that we don’t completely understand. We also know that however large they are, they are in danger because they have been over hunted and over used by human beings. Today through Commercial Whaling, the whales of the oceans have been put at risk and their population continues to decrease. Countries such as Japan, Iceland, and Norway defy the rules set by The International Whaling Commission under the pretense that they’re whaling for scientific reasons, when in reality they are whaling for commercial reasons of profit. Commercial whaling is a problem in countries around the world, most prominent are the Japanese, and other countries are Iceland and Norway. Over time the status of the whale population has declined because of the increase of technology in whale hunting.
Though Frankenstein may seem like just another horror story, a closer look at its message indicates a strong presence of feminist themes. Through Victor Frankenstein’s thoughts and actions, one can easily see Shelley’s intention of revealing men’s fears toward strong women in society. While it may have not been able to change the place of women in society, Frankenstein is step toward unveiling the hidden strength of a woman’s voice.
Although whale watching is spectacular to watch lets go more in-depth with the affects sonar has on the environment. Sound Navigation and Ranging has a warrant out for whales and has accounted for more than
...wer over masculinity. The idea that man fearing feminine strength is clearly demonstrated between Justine and Frankenstein and depicts man’s insecurities regarding strong women.
Thesis Statement: The deadly virus Ebola is killing thousands of innocent people world wide, but there are some simple steps that are being taken to prevent this coming tide of death.
Malaria in humans is caused by four species of protozoa, sophisticated one-celled organisms, that can infect red blood cells. These four species are called Plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale. The worst cases are caused by the Plasmodium falciparum species, which is also the species with the most resistance to drugs. To contract malaria, a mosquito, but not just any mosquito must bite a human. The only type of mosquito that can infect humans with the malaria virus is the Anopheles mosquito. While there are...
...allergic to penicillin3. All individuals with a positive laboratory result for Syphilis and the sexual partners of those infected are treated3. Safe sex education, increasing public awareness and partner tracking of the infected individuals are being implemented to reduce the occurrence of Syphilis. A patient with syphilis should be taught to avoid sexual contact until they have finished their antibiotic therapy to prevent transmitting the infection to others 4. Patients should also be taught the importance of notifying all recent previous sexual partners so that they can be tested and be treated if necessary4. It may be embarrassing for infected individual, but the health care provider needs to stress the importance of disclosing the information to their sexual partners. All cases of syphilis cases need to be reported to the public health authorities4.
Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by a Anopheles parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which targets humans. People who get malaria are typically very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness, which are very fatal. The global pattern of Malaria is in a spatial pattern as it occurs in more than 100 countries and territories. About half the worlds population is at risk. Malaria is located in a loosely linear pattern across the equatorial belt, meaning it runs along a line and cuts through most continents, such as the continent of Afica, south east Asia, northern part of south America, Middle East and Austrilasia these places are all considered areas where malaria transmission occurs.
Microscopy will be performed on the patient to establish the type of malaria parasite and the number of these parasites in his/her blood sample. The blood sample can be extracted through a finger stab and then made into thick and thin films, and examined severally using a 100x oil immersion objective after staining them with Romanovsky stain (Warrell, Cox, & Firth, 2005, p. 734). By observation, the species of plasmodium can be seen and the number of them established