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Human intelligence versus machine intelligence essay
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A machine can be define as ‘an apparatus using mechanical power and having several parts, each with a definite function and together performing a particular task.’ The sentence ‘a particular task’ states that the machine is only able to perform one task that it was programmed to do and know. The word know can be defined as to ‘be aware of, through observation, inquiry, or information.’ However, machines aren’t able to observe or acquire new information because a human being programmed it to know what it is supposed to do.
When trying to define the word ‘know’ we think of knowledge and learning new things, but machines aren’t able to make their own decisions and know what to do. Even though they perform tasks, it doesn’t mean they know what
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The machine uses logic just like humans, however, humans are able to produce logical and illogical outcomes, whereas machines can only produce logical ones. Again we can look at consciousness, and whether experience and awareness is required to know something. This can be one of the reasons that machines aren’t able to know. We as human beings learn from experiencing things and passed knowledge which is something a machine can’t acquire by itself, unless a human being programs it which then again it won’t be the machine itself experiences but the programmer that acquired the …show more content…
When working on a math equation in a test it requires the person to provide the working out in order to show the examiner how it got to that answer without a calculator. This is to show that the person knows how to get to the answer. While the calculator is only programmed to give the answer without giving a reason to how it got to that, which is one of the reasons we can say that machines don’t know. As well, in order for the machine to know something and give a reason for that specific situation it requires previous knowledge and experiences which is what machines lack, again a reason to why machines don’t know.
However, to some extent machines do know, because they perform tasks that were assigned to them, but again it can be argued against because what they know have been input it by someone with knowledge, so again it can be looked at as machines don’t know. A machine is there to assist humans with tasks, the knowing part comes from the person while the machine is just there to aid the person with the knowledge he/she already
Andy Clark strongly argues for the theory that computers have the potential for being intelligent beings in his work “Mindware: Meat Machines.” The support Clark uses to defend his claims states the similar comparison of humans and machines using an array of symbols to perform functions. The main argument of his work can be interpreted as follows:
deep need to probe the mysterious space between human thoughts and what is a machine can
John Searle’s Chinese room argument from his work “Minds, Brains, and Programs” was a thought experiment against the premises of strong Artificial Intelligence (AI). The premises of conclude that something is of the strong AI nature if it can understand and it can explain how human understanding works. I will argue that the Chinese room argument successfully disproves the conclusion of strong AI, however, it does not provide an explanation of what understanding is which becomes problematic when creating a distinction between humans and machines.
I believed that a human could not build a machine that is able to be conscious just like a human being. A machine was built for following orders and complete tasks, I would never thought that a machine could be built to be conscious. It never came to me that a machine can be able to show emotion, for something or someone. Or to be be aware of not only its external environment, but could be aware of its internal self as well. Although, after watching the film my perspective has changed to a certain limit. My definition of consciousness is when someone is fully aware of their surroundings and aware of the information that is presented. Once they are aware, they are cognitively able to gather that information and process it and if they are able to process that information successfully they are capable of taking decisions. A human is conscious because they make everyday decisions based on their cognitive process. Now when it comes to a machine, after watching the film it convinced me that it may be possible for a machine to be conscious as well. If a machine was built like Data it will be very intelligent and will be able to understand what is happening in his surrounding and also will be able to make decisions that will determine what the machine will do next. Therefore, I do believe a machine can be conscious, but to a certain limit. A machine can be built exactly like a human brain, to be able to be conscious and will gain more consciousness through experience. I think in order for a machine to be conscious not only it needs self-awareness and intelligence, but it also needs experience to be able to grow feelings. Like in the episode, Data as he began to gain more experience in Star Trek he began to get attached with the people he frequently encountered, began to determine what is right and what is wrong based on how he felt in what he thought was best in taking
This world of artificial intelligence has the power to produce many questions and theories because we don’t understand something that isn’t possible. “How smart’s an AI, Case? Depends. Some aren’t much smarter than dogs. Pets. Cost a fortune anyway. The real smart ones are as smart as the Turing heat is willing to let ‘em get.” (Page 95) This shows that an artificial intelligence can be programmed to only do certain ...
The Turing test was a test that allows humans to evaluate the question “can machines think?” Turing evaluates that one should not ask if machines can think, but conduct an experiment which can prove that it can think. In order to answer this question, Turing created
"Once the first powerful machine, with an intelligence similar to that of a human, is switched on, we will most likely not get the opportunity to switch it back off again. " Although Asimov provided us with 'rules' for robots, this quote embodies the unspoken fear of AI. Once we create a being that cannot be defined as wholly biological or mechanical, how will we determine ...
The traditional notion that seeks to compare human minds, with all its intricacies and biochemical functions, to that of artificially programmed digital computers, is self-defeating and it should be discredited in dialogs regarding the theory of artificial intelligence. This traditional notion is akin to comparing, in crude terms, cars and aeroplanes or ice cream and cream cheese. Human mental states are caused by various behaviours of elements in the brain, and these behaviours in are adjudged by the biochemical composition of our brains, which are responsible for our thoughts and functions. When we discuss mental states of systems it is important to distinguish between human brains and that of any natural or artificial organisms which is said to have central processing systems (i.e. brains of chimpanzees, microchips etc.). Although various similarities may exist between those systems in terms of functions and behaviourism, the intrinsic intentionality within those systems differ extensively. Although it may not be possible to prove that whether or not mental states exist at all in systems other than our own, in this paper I will strive to present arguments that a machine that computes and responds to inputs does indeed have a state of mind, but one that does not necessarily result in a form of mentality. This paper will discuss how the states and intentionality of digital computers are different from the states of human brains and yet they are indeed states of a mind resulting from various functions in their central processing systems.
It is fascinating that non-living things can think reason, plan, solve problems, and perceive, just like humans can. Robots and systems became sentient beings that were self-aware, going against their defining trait (that robots and machines lack emotion).
An example of a mental state that is determined by a turing machine can be the feeling of happiness. In order to be happy there are certain things that are needed to trigger it. This mental state of being happy is triggered by our perceptions and then causes one to express their mental state physically. Our physical expression, I believe, can be altered. For example, if one were told that a dog was called a cat and only knew that dogs were cats then he would always see a dog and call it a cat. It is only because of what we hear and learn from our environment that we call a dog a dog.
In “Minds, brains, and programs”, John Searle argues that artificial intelligence is not capable of human understanding. This paper hopes to show that although artificial intelligence may not understand in precisely the way that the human mind does, that does not mean artificial intelligence is without any capacity for understanding. EXPOSITION (441) The type of artificial intelligence Searle's argument focuses on is “strong AI”. “Strong AI”, in contrast to “weak AI” which is described as being only a “very powerful tool” for use in study of the human brain, is said to be programmed to have equal functionality as the human mind.
“Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the area of computer science focusing on creating machines that can engage on behaviors that humans consider intelligent.”AI has improved a lot in the last century, and is still advancing today. Different approaches in AI are used for different situations. Whether we notice it or not, AI is an important part of our lives. Artificial Intelligence
Well as I said we first must define ‘to think’. What does that mean? Webster’s New Compact Dictionary defines ‘think’ as "1. Have a mind. 2. Believe. 3. Employ the mind.". It defines mind as ‘to think’. So does this mean that if you can think does this mean you have a mind? My opinion is that, according to this definition, computers can think. A computer can give you an answer to the question ‘What is 4x13?’, so it can think. What’s that? You say it’s just programmed to do that, if no one programmed it wouldn’t be able to do that. Well how did you know how to answer the question? Your teacher or parent’s or someone taught it to you. So you were programmed, same as the computer was.
Artificial intelligence is a concept that has been around for many years. The ancient Greeks had tales of robots, and the Chinese and Egyptian engineers made automations. However, the idea of actually trying to create a machine to perform useful reasoning could have begun with Ramon Llull in 1300 CE. After this came Gottfried Leibniz with his Calculus ratiocinator who extended the idea of the calculating machine. It was made to execute operations on ideas rather than numbers. The study of mathematical logic brought the world to Alan Turing’s theory of computation. In that, Alan stated that a machine, by changing between symbols such as “0” and “1” would be able to imitate any possible act of mathematical
When we say that the machine learns, we mean that the machine is able to make predictions from examples of desired behavior or past observations and information. More formal definition of machine learning by Tom Mitchell is A computer program is said to learn from experience E with respect to some class of tasks T and performance measure P, if its performance at tasks in T, as measured by P, improves with experience E. The definition also indicates the main goal of machine learning: the design of such programs