Response to Robert Macfarlanes ‘Mountains of the Mind’. 2. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? Discuss the primary techniques Macfarlane uses to engage the reader's interest in Everest and the concept of conquering great heights. Introduction: Section one: Vivid imagery of the mountain's beauty and dangers. Macfarlane first uses imagery to glorify the mountain, and seduce the reader with visions of the untouched paradise, to engage the reader. When introducing Everest, he contrasts the physical structure of Everest, the “structure of black rock” to the metaphorical image of Everest “White trail of ice crystals flung out by jet winds”. This evocative imagery serves to ensnare the reader, placing them in the position of …show more content…
Firstly, Younghusband viewed the conquering of Everest as a trophy that would be adorned by himself, “To make this Everest venture the main feature of my three years presidency”, a sentiment that was upheld by another British aristocracy, Lord Curzon, which shows the ‘English arrogance’, “Should be the business of Englishmen.” Secondly, Younghusband viewed Everest as his “Holy Grail” endowing a religious fanaticism to his motivations. Furthermore, Mallory in the eyes of Younghusband was that of a pawn, with Mallory described by Geoffrey Winthrop as ‘Glahad’ a knight whose duty was to find the holy grail. Macfarlane offers up a differing interpretation of Mallory's obsession with Everest. This engages the reader as it deepens the historical context surrounding both Younghusband and Mallory. causes an emotional reaction as the reader may now sympathise with the character of Mallory, who is now seen as a pawn in a game much larger than he was. Finally causes the reader to critically engage their pre-existing beliefs on Mallory as a …show more content…
When comparing sections of Mountains of the Mind, the sections follow a fiction-based narrative, a historical narrative, or straightforward facts which all culminate together to create an educational and engaging experience. We see multiple examples of imagery and personification, that engage the reader's imagination but also draw parallels. “Snowy linen of the lunch table”, showing a clear linking of the interaction where Mallory sealed his fate, to the snow-topped peaks of the mountain. “A love affair with the mountain” emphasises Mallory's attachment to the mountain and personal sacrifice. These are examples of Macfarlane engaging in a fiction-esque writing style. We also see the blending of clear historical facts which simultaneously add to the context of the stories being told but draw an emotional reaction, “The British fired, according to a Tibetan survivor ‘for the length of time it would take six cups of tea to cool down’ When the guns stopped chattering, twelve British soldiers had been wounded, and 628 Tibetans dead. a further 2,000 compared to 40 British soldiers” By providing historical context, Macfarlane offers insights into the imperialist policies of Imperialist Britain. Furthermore, it calls into question the ethical nature of climbing Everest at
Into the Wild by John Krakauer is a rare book in which its author freely admits his bias within the first few pages. “I won't claim to be an impartial biographer,” states Krakauer in the author’s note, and indeed he is not. Although it is not revealed in the author's note whether Krakauer's bias will be positive or negative, it can be easily inferred. Krakauer's explanation of his obsession with McCandless's story makes it evident that Into the Wild was written to persuade the reader to view him as the author does; as remarkably intelligent, driven, and spirited. This differs greatly from the opinion many people hold that McCandless was a simply a foolhardy kid in way over his head. Some even go as far as saying that his recklessness was due to an apparent death-wish. Krakauer uses a combination of ethos, logos and pathos throughout his rendition of McCandless’s story to dispute these negative outlooks while also giving readers new to this enigmatic adventure a proper introduction.
Many people were puzzled on why the young man decided to go on such an expedition without being properly prepared. His death has led to a controversy between whether he should be idolized for having the courage to follow his dream or repulsed for his grand stupidity. Although Krakauer never met McCandless, he provides his readers with personal examples that explain why the young man went on this journey. Expecting his readers to comprehend McCandless, Krakauer’s primary purpose is to help his readers understand the importance of embracing one's personal dreams. In order to achieve his purpose, he uses a variation of literary and rhetorical techniques. Some of these techniques include epigrams and ethos. These devices are essential to Krakauer’s purpose because they illustrate and explain the reasons why McCandless went into the inhospitable landscape of Alaska.
Through portrayal of the Stikine Icecap as both terrifying and beautiful, Krakauer’s ambivalence towards his journey is revealed. Upon looking at the aerial photograph of the Devil’s Thumb, Krakauer describes it as “particularly sinister” (135) and “dark” (153). By personifying the mountain as evil, Krakauer’s fear intensifies because the mountain is hard to climb and there is an underlying metaphysical danger. Furthermore the mountain’s tangible “blade-like” (135) summit ridges indicate the mountain is hazardous, dangerous, and capable of killing climbers like a knife. During the second ascend, Krakauer crosses a " Gothic cathedral" (152). Krakauer is uncertain of what to make of the Alaskan scenery. At times, he views the mountain as ...
Cormac McCarthy’s detailed imagery builds imagination for the reader. For example, John Grady’s vivid dream painted a beautiful picture of what makes him feel at peace, “... colts ran with dams and trampled down the flowers in a haze of pollen that hung in the sun like powdered gold… their manes and tails blew off of them like spume… moved all of them in a resonance that was like music among them…”(161). This novel did not begin with positive imagery but yet the opposite - death, “In his black suit he stood in the dark glass where the lilies leaned so paley from their waisted cut glass vase. Along the hallway behind
Having been educated at Harvard and University of Iowa, and having served as a lieutenant in Vietnam (Twenty12fttrees, 2010), he brings research and experience together creating a soul-searching composition in Mountains Beyond Mountains. He is well versed and extremely credible having dedicated so much time immersing himself in the midst of Farmer’s journey. Not only does he take time to review and research Farmer’s published work, he travels across time and space, embracing details that make readers feel as if they are actually there.... ... middle of paper ... ... Works Cited Kidder, T. (2004).
His yearning, in sense, was too powerful to be quenched by human contact. The succor offered by women may have tempted McCandless, but it paled beside the prospect of rough congress with nature, with the cosmos itself. And thus was he drawn north, to Alaska” (66). These clear and intelligent principles of McCandless’s achievable attitude maintained his decision to endeavor into the wilderness because it displays that he was allured to it because of the gratification it would deliver him, one that could not be satisfied by a mere human. Krakauer shifts to his comparisons of other travelers before McCandless. “Reading of the monks, one is moved by their courage, their reckless innocence and their urgency of desire. And with that one can’t help but think of Everett Russ and Chris McCandless,” (Krakauer 97). The author declares this in order to exemplify a similarity of individuals who were in comparable situations like Chris and took the same
In her essay, “The Wreck of Time,” Annie Dillard explains the significance of an individual and how a person determines the significance of the self. Dillard analyzes the points where the human race becomes insignificant and the importance of the population becomes questionable throughout the history. She is trying to evoke the reader to question his/her vitality in the world. Tim O’Brien illustrates the element of a true war story and what makes a war story true in his work, “How to Tell a True War Story.” A soldier’s war story will not be the exact story of a war but it is a collection of how the soldier perceives each war experiences. O’Brien illustrates how remarkable experiences are chosen by the soldier. In his novel, “Into the Wild,” Jon Krakauer analyzes Chris McCandless’s journey to Alaska and the purpose of this journey. McCandless could have searched for his own self by staying in the social world where he lived, nevertheless disconnects all his links with the external world and tries to discover himself. McCandless tried to stand out from the stereotypical people and make him a bit more significant. All three authors use various language techniques to make their argument. A text’s tone, syntax and diction strengthen the language of the text. Dillard poses numerous questions to readers. These questions can stimulate emotion that is similar to the one that is portrayed in the text. O’Brien uses stories with different plots and expresses his ideas. Different plots make readers think in various angles. Krakauer analyzes his thoughts about McCandless and reevaluate the misconception he had about McCandless. Since Krakauer uses voices of multiple individuals, readers will be exposed to different views. All three authors try...
Abstract: Krakauer attempts to figure out exactly what went wrong and what happened to whom. He does extensive research and painstakingly traces the actions of every climber on the mountain. He theorizes about the breakdowns of the expedition, and attributes the disaster to a series of small mistakes. He includes himself, and explicitly blames himself for at least one person's death. The experience affects him profoundly, and in addition to telling the story, the book focuses on how Krakauer is forever changed as a result of what happened.
Mountains are significant in the writing of Jack Kerouac and Donald Barthelme as symbolic representations of achievement and the isolation of an individual from the masses of the working class in industrialized capitalist American society. The mountains, depicted by Kerouac and Barthelme, rise above the American landscape as majestic entities whose peaks are touched by few enduring and brave souls. The mountains of Kerouac's The Dharma Bums symbolize personal freedom and accomplishment through achieving a connection with nature distant from the constraints of materialism and a polluted industrialized American society. Barthelme's "Glass Mountain," however, envisions a mountain removed from nature as a modern skyscraper office building, an edifice that embodies the degradation of an emerging American society in the 1960s that is in search of "the American Dream" through material or monetary gains. "The Glass Mountain" remarks on the movement of Americans away from nature, religion, and humanity as they look to false golden idols (the golden castle at the top of the mountain) for inspiration to be successful, while Kerouac's The Dharma Bums emphasizes a return to nature and devout religiousness to inspire virtues of charity, kindness, humility, zeal, tranquility, wisdom, and ecstasy (p. 5). The top of the mountain, for both authors, represents a fearful ascent from the masses of the working class huddled in polluted cities in order to achieve a heightened state of knowledge and success, but both explorers fall short of true fulfillment because they are never far removed from human flaws of greed, excess, and materia...
Thinking about all this, how bad it is to be in jail, the murder of an innocent man makes you feel depressed. I think Walter Dean Myers wanted to incorporate that mood for his readers into the story and thoroughly succeeded. 7. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? Identify 2 major conflicts within this novel and tell me what type of conflicts they are.
The most important part in writing a novel is to enable the audience to understand what is being communicated. Krakauer did so by clearly communicating his message to his audience. He wanted to share the story of McCandless, a young man who dreamt of conquering the wilderness alone. This conquest ultimately ended in failure and cast a feeling of sorrow upon his family and friends. With the exception of a slight difficulty to understand the story during certain chapters, Krakauer’s novel was full of thrill of emotion and life-lessons.
“Roman Fever” and “Hills Like White Elephants” are two stories that on surface seem very different from one another, but through careful analysis the two are quite similar. Their similarities are mainly evident through the significant use of the dialogues in the both stories. “Roman Fever” has a third person omniscient narrator which the author allows to know the inner private thoughts of both characters, Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley. In contrast, “Hills Like White Elephants” is composed in a third person limited narrative where very little is known about the thoughts of both Jig and the American. At first Ernest Hemingway’s short story can clearly be viewed as the most ambiguous out of the two. With its simplistic style, written mostly in straightforward dialogue which leaves the readers to contemplate over the ultimate outcome of the story and forces them to ...
Stallman, R. W. “A New Reading of ‘The Snows of Kilimanjaro.’” The Houses That James Built: And Other Literary Studies. New York: Ohio University, 1961. 173-99. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Carol T. Gaffke and Anna J. Sheets. Vol. 25. Detroit: Gale, 142 vols. 89-92. Print.
Baym, Nina, and Robert S. Levine. "The Snow of Kilimanjaro." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 8th ed. Vol. D. New York: W. W. Norton &, 2012. 826-42. Print.
"The Snows of Kilimanjaro" is a proof of Hemingway's artistic talent in which the author, by portraying the story of a writer's life self-examination, reveals his own struggles in life, and makes the reading well perceived by the use of symbolism. The reader learns about Harry's attitudes toward death, war, artistic creation, and women, which are concepts of what Hemingway writes about.