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Lusitania research
Lusitania research
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The Lusitania was a British ocean liner in the early twentieth century that often ferried people and goods between the United States and Great Britain. During this time the waters of the Atlantic and Pacific were very dangerous due to World War I. Many people were warned that if they continued to make passage through the oceans they were at risk for being attacked, so they were told to be vigilant and take precautionary measures to ensure their safety. The most frightening of all became true for those aboard the Lusitania, “On May 7, 1915 the Lusitania was torpedoed by a German U-boat and sunk, (History.com Staff).” Throughout this paper I will provide you with background on the Lusitania, what took place on May 7 prior to the sinking and the effects the sinking had international and political relations and how it shaped the rest of the war.
The Lusitania was built by the British Government and was designed to be the world’s largest and fastest liner for its time. She was built to surpass all other liners produced by other shipping companies. Her speed enabled her to maneuver swiftly which made many people ignore the growing threats of the Germans U-boats.
April 30, 1915, was the day goods were loaded on-board and the crew started preparing for departure from New York to England. “The Lusitania was at New York, being loaded with meat, medical supplies, copper, cheese, oil and machinery, but she was also secretly being loaded with munitions for Britain for the war, (Kan).” The next day was set for departure and prior to her everyone entering the ship travelers were reminded of the danger they could be in if they decided to voyage across the Atlantic with a notice written by the Germans. This notice stated “Travelers ...
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...lies, it left little chance that Germany was going to come out on top and resulting in the swift end to the war in 1919.
In conclusion, the sinking of the Lusitania was the driving force that ultimately influenced the United States into joining War World I. Not only did it spark aggression amongst the political forces between the United States and Germany but it also sparked a negative public opinion that grew throughout the world. The growing negative public opinion led to Germany’s demise. Leading Germany officials to believe that if they were to have any chance of winning this war they must reenact their campaign of unrestricted submarine warfare which undoubtedly was the leading cause that put American into the fight. Once the United States joined the Allies it crippled the German’s causing the end of World War I just two years after their decision to join.
The USS Indianapolis was a heavy cruiser. She did not have heavy armor which made her vulnerable to torpedo attacks. She had been ordered to sail on July 16, 1945, to deliver a bomb that would end the war. Unfortunately, it sank before it arrived.
While the naval war is usually known for only little attention in histories of World War I, the Royal Navy's blockade of Germany played a dangerous role in the War. The U.S. Navy linking with the Royal Navy played a significant role in overcoming the German U-boats in the North Atlantic. The Germany Navy while technically effective disastrously diminished the German war effort. Germany's building of a High Seas Fleet was one of the causes that public view on Britain turned against Germany and that Britain come unto the War. Yet, the small U-boat fleet, showed a key competition to the British. In the early war, U-boats drowned three British cruisers, shocking the people of both England and Germany. The U-boat campaign was a major reason that public opinion in America turned against Germany and that America entered the War. Despite the huge investment, the German Navy accomplished nothing in return to counter balance the cost for Germany.
Assessment of the Reasons for Allied Victory in 1918 During 1918, the effect of Stalemate along the Western Front saw 4 years of war trying to break it. Ideas and technology were outdated and often tactics were unrealistic. A stretch in German supplies, the intervention of the USA, the strategic strength of the allies along with the deteriorating German homefront effort due to the naval blockade saw the collapse their war effort. From the failure of the Schlieffen Plan due to poor planning and heavy reliance of the 42-day deadline, the German army also had the difficulty of fighting a war on two fronts. These factors reflected poorly on the leadership of the German high commanders.
In the late 1800’s the American people and their government became more willing to risk war in defense of American interests overseas, support for building a large modern navy began to grow. Supporters argued that if the United States did not build up its navy and acquire bases overseas, it would be shut out of foreign markets by Europeans. Captain Alfred T. Mahan observed that building a modern navy meant that the U.S. had to acquire territory for naval bases overseas. This would enable them to operate a navy far from home. A country needed bases and coaling stations in distant regions, which was exactly what they did by having Havana, Cuba be one of its ports. Another factor that was part of the Navy’s modernization was the USS Maine, which was probably the most famous ship of its era. The USS Maine was one of the Navy’s first armored battle ships. It was one of the first U.S. naval vessels with electrical lighting. It had a top speed of 17 knots and a crew of 392 officers and enlisted men. On the evening of February 15, 1898 the USS Maine exploded. Of the 345 officers and sailors aboard the Maine, 266 died. There were many ideas of how this explosion occurred, namely: the ship’s ammunition supplies blew up, a fire accidentally ignited the ammunition, and that a mine detonated near the ship set off the ammunition. At the time Cuba was a Spanish colony, but it was in the midst of a revolution. The Cuban people were fighting for independence from Spain. During this Cuban revolt against Spain and the American battleship Maine dropped anchor in the Havana harbor to protect American interests in Cuba. Many Americans regarded the Spanish as tyrants and supported the Cubans in their struggle. This immediately made Americans jump to the Conclusion that Spain blew up the Maine. American’s felt that since they were allies with Cuba that Spain was trying to harm America, as to not interfere with Cuba’s revolt against them. Within a matter of weeks, Spain and the U.
The 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month of 1918, marks the day that WWI descended into armistice. However, the involved countries reached an agreement as to the events following the war on the 28th of June, 1919. The famous Treaty of Versailles was known for its role in ending war. But it was not known for being a double-edged sword, as the ending of war came with the consequence of causing future war. The Treaty consisted of uncontested biases due to Germany's unconditional surrender. The Allies held a gun to Germany's head, with their trigger finger tense. Each article of the Versailles Treaty only made Germany more restless, until 1933 when Hitler produced his own gun and pointed it at the Allies. The Treaty had a series of unproportional effects upon Germany and its people. It caused a rift between the two sides because of the alliances that it formed, brewing tension. The punishments enforced upon Germany were unrealistically huge and it increased the wish among the Germans for the nullification of the Treaty. Finally, the accumulated hatred amongst the people gave birth to potential for a revolution. The Treaty of Versailles is, therefore, an indirect cause to World War II, because of the alliances it caused, the punishments it enforced, and the hatred it developed.
Germany continued to push buttons resulting in the world jumping into a World War. Nations desired to grow and gain more influence. Danger increased while others selfish dictators were trying to bloom. In The Treaty of Versailles an article stated that German troops were forbidden from entering
In the beginning of the 1930’s the U.S had no desire to enter another world war or involve themselves in European foreign affairs. The U.S policy of isolationism was extremely popular not only with citizens but with government officials as well. With this being said, what factors could have contributed to the U.S involvement in World War II? . Pearl Harbor was the main factor that led to the U.S involvement in World War II despite the fact that the fact that the overwhelming majority of the country wanted nothing to do with the war in Europe. (Foner 856) “December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.” These were the words spoken by President Franklin D Roosevelt to Congress when asking them to declare war on the Empire of Japan just one day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. That same day, December 8th, 1941, Congress indeed, declared war on the Empire of Japan (Pearl Harbor).
Especially when Wilson, in his speech in 1917 about the sinking, said “I advise that the Congress declare the recent actions of the Imperial German Government to be, in fact, nothing less than war against the Government and people of the United States.” gave the people the impression that this is why America entered the war.
The German’s unrestricted submarine warfare was the main reason for the U.S. to enter war. Wilson had tremendous support from Americans. The Germans had to be stopped. The attacks came without warning killing many innocent people (Winter and Baggett, 1996). The Germans sank numerous ships including our own. The most famous ship sunk was the Lusitiania. Aboard that ship 128 Americans were killed (http://www.angelfire.com/in3/wilson/wilson.html). The Lusitania was torpedoed without any notice. The Lusitania sunk in 18 minutes killing a total of 1198 people (http://www.poltechnic.org/faculty/gfeldmeth/chart.ww1.html).
middle of paper ... ... The Treaty of Versailles, initially created to keep peace in Europe and ensure that another war like World War I wouldn’t happen again, had in fact, backfired and spiraled the world down into a deeper, bloodier battle. The treaty discriminated strongly against Germany, with the loss of territories, military restrictions, economic reparations, and the War Guilt Clause. It caused humiliation and anger within Germany, and led to Hitler and the Nazi Party coming to power.
In addition, having lost the war, the humiliated Germans were forced by the Allies to sign the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 that officially ended World War I. According to the harsh terms of the treaty, Germany had to hand over many of its richest industrial territories to the victors, and was made to pay reparations to the Allied countries it devastated during the war. Germany lost its pride, prestige, wealth, power, and the status of being one of Europe's greatest nations. (Resnick p. 15)
My topic is concerning the sinking of the Lusitania. The Lusitania was a British merchant ship that had 200 Americans on board. The Germans sunk the cruiser with submarine warfare on May 7th, 1915, claiming that the ship was carrying munitions. Though the Lusitania was not a weapons-bearing ship, later investigations proved there were a few munitions on board. When the ship sank, a total of 150 of the 1,100 casualties were Americans; thus, this crisis later became war propaganda in America. President Woodrow Wilson became frustrated with the transgression on the Germans’ part and issued them a warning. He claimed that the Germans violated American rights on the high seas, and that the Germans were accountable for their breach of
Immediately, the Battle of the Atlantic began when “the British announced a naval blockage of Germany” on September 3, 1939(“World War II” 391). Eight days later the Germans ordered a “counter-blockage” of the Allies(“World War II” 391). The Germans hoped to stop the shipments of war supplies and food to the countries of France and Britain. After only four months into the war, German U-boats, mines, airplanes, and surface raiders had destroyed more than 215 merchant ships and two of Britain’s largest warships. Over 1,500 people had been killed in this short time. “It was clear that despite the lull on land, a long war lay ahead on the world’s water” (Pitt 8).
The Treaty of Versailles did not just end World War I, but it also changed the world. From it changing every countries view on Germany, to changing Germany itself. It contained many conditions, which led to the countless numbers of results. This treaty created a completely different outlook on the world.
...nd to start off the war shows how a a great power can benefit from a weaker state. Germany then invaded and defeated France, leaving most of the Eurasian continent under the control of the Axis. The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 drove America into the war. International organizations such as The League of Nations failed to provide a solution to international conflicts involving Nazi Germany and their goal to regain their lost provinces from World War I.