Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFCs)

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Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFCs)

Los Clorofluorocarbonados (CFC) y sus derivados tienen como fuentes principales algunos productos industriales, y los óxidos de nitrógeno, que se producen por multitud de causas, principalmente por la quema de combustibles fósiles y la utilización de fertilizantes químicos.

La producción de cloro-fluoro-carbonos [CFCs] contribuye con aproximadamente el 14% del efecto invernadero. Los CFCs son sustancias químicas sintéticas, formadas por cloro, flúor y carbono. Las moléculas de CFC tienen una larga vida activa. El CFC-1 1 es activo durante unos 65 años y el CFC-12 durante unos 110 arios. Cada molécula de CFC-11 y de CFC-12 contribuye 3.500 y 7.300 veces más, respectivamente, al efecto invernadero que cada molécula de C02.

Los CFCs también destruyen la capa de ozono en la estratosfera, causando que una mayor proporción de rayos ultravioleta alcance la superficie de la tierra.
Una mayor incidencia de rayos ultravioleta tendría importantes efectos tanto en la agricultura como en la salud humana. E1 cáncer en la piel, los problemas oculares, y las afecciones al sistema inmunológico, son las amenazas más inminentes sobre la salud de la población humana. Podrían también presentarse efectos adversos sobre las algas y el plancton, bases de la cadena alimentaria en el mar

CONTAMINACIÓN ATMOSFÉRICA >
Eliminación de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores

1) OBJETIVO
Elaborar una estrategia comunitaria para la eliminación de los clorofluorocarbonos (CFC) de los inhaladores - dosificadores.
2) MEDIDA DE LA COMUNIDAD
Comunicación de la Comisión al Parlamento Europeo y al Consejo de 23 de octubre de 1998: Eliminación progresiva de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores.
3) CONTENIDO
Los CFC forman parte de las sustancias que debilitan la capa de ozono y cuya producción y consumo se prohibieron en la Comunidad en 1995. No obstante, siguen utilizándose en los inhaladores - dosificadores destinados al tratamiento del asma y de las bronconeumopatías crónicas obstructivas (BPCO) en virtud de las excepciones previstas en el Protocolo de Montreal y en el Reglamento (CE) nº 3093/94 para sus usos esenciales.
En la decisión IX/19 del Protocolo de Montreal, la Comunidad Europea y las demás Partes del Protocolo acordaron presentar, antes del 31 de enero de 1999, una estrategia de transición para la eliminación de los CFC de los inhaladores - dosificadores. La Comisión cumple con tal compromiso mediante la adopción de esta Comunicación, que recomienda medidas que deberían adoptar los Estados miembros para facilitar la transición hacia tratamientos del asma sin CFC preservando la salud y la seguridad de los pacientes.

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