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The basic purposes of literature review
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Lobotomies were procedures famously performed by a man known as Dr. Walter Freeman. Publicly he was seen as an amazing doctor that cured the mentally ill, but in reality he killed multiple people because he insisted on taking a picture during the procedure whether it endangered his patients or not. “For some reason the the ice pick began to slide down into the patient’s brain. He died without ever regaining consciousness” (p.71). This procedure should’ve been exposed like Taylor Swift was by Kim Kardashian. Howard suffered through the death of his mother when he was young and was only told that she was coming back, not that she was actually dead. This lead him to think that his mother abandoned him. His father than married a crazy woman who …show more content…
had a personal vendetta against Howard. Howard was an easily bored kid and when he got bored he ended up in trouble.
“I never got into trouble. Well, usually I didn’t, except when I was bored” (p.53). He even admits that when he got bored he would steal things. Stealing was the only really bad thing he would do, but for Lou if Howard didn’t listen he was bad. “You could get yelled at for yelling, for fighting, for coming home late from school, for not doing your homework, for losing your homework, for getting your school close dirty, for talking back, for not having proper table manners, and for any number of other things” (p.23). With Howard being such a rambunctious kid and these rules about every tiny thing there was a slim chance to none that Howard wasn’t going to get in trouble. Lou would even get so mad that she would physically hurt Howard. Lou plays a huge role in why Howard acted out. If she would have been less strict and didn’t try to make Howard’s life so miserable he more than likely wouldn’t have gotten the lobotomy. When Lou started looking for doctors to help figure out what was wrong with Howard most of them said that she was the one who needed help and not him. “But all of six of the psychiatrists, I found out later, said my behavior was normal. Four of them even said the problem in the house was with her. They said she was the one who could benefit from treatment”
(p.59). Howard did not deserve this unnecessary procedure. If he were living in today’s time as an adolescent he more than likely would have been diagnosed with ADD or ADHD. Lou was the only problem this young boy had. If she wouldn’t have been out to get him Howard wouldn’t have felt that anything he did was going to get him punished. It’s so sad knowing that people had to suffer through such a terrible thing. Luckily Howard was someone who wasn’t tremendously affected by it, but because he was operated on that makes one stop and think how many of these procedures weren’t actually needed?
Lobotomies were traditionally used to remedy patients with psychological illnesses and behavioral disorders; in the 1950s, they were mainly phased out and substituted with medications, talk therapy, and other methods of dealing. As an overall decree, lobotomies are not carried out today, and many people reason that they are essentially quite brutal. When performed effectively, a lobotomy could bring about significant behavioral modifications for the patient. For psychotic patients, lobotomies were sometimes favorable, relaxing the patient so that he or she could live a somewhat average life. Lobotomies are also notorious for producing a lifeless affect and general reduced responsiveness; this was viewed as an advantage of the lobotomy over all by some supporters of the surgery. Nonetheless, lobotomies can in addition go very wrong. The brain is a tremendously elusive and very intricate organ, and in the era when lobotomies were performed, people were not familiar with much about the brain, as they did not have the assistance of a wide variety of scientific equipment to visualize the brain and its behaviors. At its worst, a lobotomy could be fatal, but it could also cause severe brain damage, ensuing in what was in essence mental retardation of the patient. Patients could also fall into comas and persistent vegetative states after lobotomies. The lobotomy is now thought
...o described him as pale and complaint, and his confusion and frustration is clearly stated in when Lou says "she wants to go to the city" on. From that point on Lou is quite unsure what to do, his life seems to lose meaning. As he come to terms with his loss
One of the most famous forms of a cure during the 1930s was a surgery called Lobotomy. “Lobotomy, also known as leucotomy which mean cut/slice white in Greek, or its nickname of ice pick, is a neurosurgical operation that involves severing connection in the brain’s prefrontal lobe” according to Freeman. Lobotomy was performed by
When Paul Introduced himself to Lola Quincey, he gave her a chocolate bar but didn’t give her brothers any. While he told Lola to “bite it” he sat back in the arm chair creating an uncomfortable sexual attraction. Lola loved the attention, especially from an older, wealthy business man that her cousins had known for years. He raped Lola because she was a young fifteen-year-old girl that was naive and listened to anything he said. Yet she defended him because he had already burnt her arms by holding her down before the family dinner. I would agree that Paul Marshall was deceitful as he left Robbie to suffer and take the blame for the crimes he committed. After raping Lola, Paul deviously walked back to the Tallis mansion and fell asleep whilst Lola was being questioned by the police. Paul realised that Briony would think it was Robbie so he didn’t have to cover anything up. Robbie was an innocent young boy that was just there to help, and Paul was aware of that. But because of his class it would’ve been impossible for him to get the help he needed to prove that he was innocent. Paul was deceitful throughout the whole novel and his class allowed him to get away with raping an innocent young
Howard’s parents intervened in certain ways in his life since he was a child star like making sure certain aspects of contracts said didn’t say that he had to do promotional tours. When he was not working he was enrolled in public schools so he could interact with other kids his age. "In school I was a novelty at first," Howard told Edwin Miller. "People got very jazzed up about the idea of having a kid actor in class. That would blow over in a couple of weeks, and then I was able to blend right in." Howard later made the basketball team at Burroughs High School in Burbank; Howard then had to turn down acting assignments so he wouldn’t miss any basketball games.
“How Lobotomies Work.” HowStuffWorks. HowStuffWorks.com, 27 Oct. 2008. Web. 28 Mar. 2014.
After three months of being program director Howard quit his job because he didn’t want
Considering the definition of Hedonism, which was outlined in the beginning of the second paragraph, The Epicurean perception of Hedonism reflects the notion that pleasure and freedom from pain are the only things desirable as ends. That is to say, things are desirable for the inherent pleasure in themselves, or as means to the promotion of pleasure and the prevention of pain. I’d like to draw attention to two points within the definition “promotion of pleasure and prevention of pain”. Assuming the parent is a mature adult, they know from life experience that many uncomfortable circumstances produce happiness as an outcome. This being a fact, a parent’s wish for a child’s sustained happiness automatically accounts for some measure of pain and uncomfortable circumstances. The parent’s goal would be to minimize discomfort not eliminate it all together. Sustained misery is what a “normal” parent would have their child avoid not temporary pain and comfort that leads to happiness. Furthermore, if hedonism is true the parent wants happiness for themselves, as well as their child and no “normal” parent would be happy approving an unnecessary lobotomy. The parent would subject themselves to sustained misery having had permitted their child to be robbed of their natural senses. Not to mention, one purpose of having children is to pass along genetic information to the next generation, lobotomized offspring would unfit to continue procreation.
Loung Ung is a very outgoing individual. She is very joyful and very adventurous compared to her siblings( Meng, Khouy, Keav, Kim, Chou, and Geak) who were very coshes and mature. Throughout the book Loung makes many difficult journeys during her Cambodian youth. Having to go from a large privileged family to being an orphan was very irritating for the young girl. She wasn't able to grasp the fact that her live was being torn apart because of something she had nothing to do with. Being the curious girl she is, she always asked “Why?” That question was one of the million she asked her father but that was the only one he couldn't answer.
Lou is very understanding, and actually listens to Kek. Kek comes from a life where elders are very respected, thought as beautiful and wise. Kek calls Lou very wise, and calls the wrinkles “little moons”. Lou respects that respect, and plays it back at him. She listens intently to him, answers all of his questions, and takes all of his information on his cow, and eventually ends up giving Kek the job. Lou is a very important part of Kek’s bridge, as well as Hannah and the cows. She is one of the only adults that listens to Kek and feels for him. That trait is very important in helping Kek cross his
The early history of mental illness is bleak. The belief that anyone with a mental illness was possessed by a demon or the family was being given a spiritual was the reason behind the horrific treatment of those with mental illness. These individuals were placed into institutions that were unhygienic and typically were kept in dark, cave like rooms away from people in the outside world. The institutions were not only dark and gross; they also used inhumane forms of treatment on their patients. Kimberly Leupo, discusses some of the practices that were used, these included may types of electro shocks, submitting patients to ice bath, as well as many other horrific events (Leupo). Lobotomies, which are surgical procedures that cut and scrape different connections in the brain, were very common practice. They were thought to help cure mental illness, but often ended up with more damage than good.
Howard’s stepmom was the blame for his lobotomy. She was very rude, heartless and had favorites. Lou (Howard’s stepmom) was also very strict. If he didn’t eat a banana at 3:45 he would get spanked. In the book he said “I wanted to call her mom but it didn’t seem right.” One time she was spanking him and she hit him so hard he felt dizzy and almost passed out.
The treatment involved passing electrical currents through the brain which would trigger a small seizure and ease the symptoms of certain mental illnesses, however the procedure was used without anesthesia and caused the patient to jerk uncontrollably, this treatment would sometimes result in fractures, memory loss, and other side effects. The treatment is still used today, although with much weaker currents and anesthesia. Another popular treatment used in the asylums was the injection of insulin into a patient to induce a coma. This treatment was thought to reset an individual’s brain and bring them back to “normal”, however, insulin coma therapy proved to be not very effective and was phased out in the 1960s. One of the most inhumane treatments for the mentally ill was the lobotomy, or the prefrontal leucotomy. This surgical procedure involved opening a hole in the head to sever nerve pathways in the prefrontal cortex. The lobotomy was performed at least 15,000 times in Britain before being phased out in the late 1950s. Another type of brain surgery discussed in the film, was one done on patient, Maggi Chapman, who underwent a surgery in which an electrode was attached to a part of her brain and then turned on to fry that part of the brain. Maggi goes on to describe how the next few years she felt like a zombie and had a difficult time going through life (BBC,
"YouTube - Lobotomy - PBS Documentary, on Walter Freeman." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 09 Apr. 2011. .
He did this by over glorifying his sons when talking to his boss Howard, by declining a job offer from Charley, and by being dishonest with his wife and family. This all caused him to feel guilty about his marriage with Linda, who has only been supportive of him, and to feel guilty about not being able to provide for her or himself. All these factors, along with the fact that after he died Linda would get the insurance money, caused him to commit suicide. This proves how each individual is in charge of their own