Lithography: The Bavarian Aloys Senefelder

The Evolution of Lithography In 1796 the Bavarian Aloys Senefelder invented Lithography, which is a cheap technique of printing text or artwork onto paper. (Meggs & Purvis, 2012) Lithography is a Greek homonymous word, (from lithos “stone” and graphein “to write”. It is a different type of printing, which focused on a chemical fact that oil and water cannot be mixed. (Meggs & Purvis, 2012) A paper sheet is set on the inked and etched stone surface, which is a method using acid to create a design, and the inked image is transferred by using the printing press. The goals of this research are to clarify history and development of lithography, and how it is changed the civilization from all aspects. Senefelder had an interest in theatre and

Prang became sole owner in 1860, and changed the name to L. Prang and Company. (Fitzgerald, 2011) Prang published an English Christmas card in the late 1860s. In the following years he printed cards by using chromolithography for different occasions. The sentimental card was designed and printed by Prang in 1883. It is a beautiful example for the colors and tones, he developed a new technique of lithography that could be accomplished with

These people have developed highly personal styles that merge diverse sources of inspiration. Usually, the visual nature of graphic design is our substantial concern, but we have to value and appreciate the designers, and how their works have an impact on audience. (Meggs & Purvis, 2012) Toward the beginning of the twentieth century, lithographic poster art was continued by artists of a new generation, including Leonetto Cappiello (1875-1942) and A.M. Cassandre in Paris, Lucian Bernhard in Berlin and Ludwig Hohlwein in Munich, and they developed lithography printing. A mass production technique commonly printed posters by the Second World War and Spanish civil war, which involved using photos rather than artistic designs. For instance, Hail to The Heroes poster was printed by Arturo Ballester in 1937, it contains four fighter jets formed by human bodies. (Meggs & Purvis, 2012)

Lithography has increased the poster mania, a large number of the essential lithographers and painters in this development were self-taught. The were many important movement at that time such as, Dance, music, civil wars, WWII and psychedelic-poster movements, so their essential customers were music concerts, dance promoters and anti-war