CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Lime Essential Oil The genus Citrus includes a wide variety of plant species that are rich in mineral salts and vitamin C (Costa, et al., 2014). They are the most widespread arboreal plants in the world and represent one of the most important crops in the world across 130 countries (Starrantino, 1994). In this case, orange is the most cultivated fruit, followed by lemon, lime, grapefruit and pomelo (Ruberto, 2002). These citrus plants have many functions and usually consumed fresh or transformed into juice, jam, desserts, sauce, or essential oils. Generally, most of the properties of citrus plants are due to their essential oils and lime is one of the most important citrus fruits for the extraction of essential oil (Cruz-Valenzuela et al., 2017). Lime essential oils are defined as aromatic oily liquids that are obtained from the peel, leaves, twigs, and flowers of the lime or as a by-product obtained during the concentration of juice (Ruberto, 2002). They can be obtained by expression, fermentation, cold-pressing and extraction techniques but the method of steam distillation of fresh or dried lime is the most popular extraction method used for commercial production of essential oil (Ali et al., 2015). …show more content…
Furthermore, the conversion of underutilise citrus peels by-product into value-added essential oil is an ideal solution to the waste problem that involves no risks to the environment or to the quality of finished product. This make the lime essential oil even more useful in the food
Introduction In this experiment, steam distillation was used to isolate eugenol oil from cloves. The goal of this experiment was to test and analyze the purity level of the eugenol oil that was isolated by applying a TLC test as well as H-NMR spectra. At the end of this experiment, eugenol oil was isolated, but some errors that occurred during the experiment resulted in impurities in the final isolated oil.
Rukayah Aman. 1998. Rare and wild fruit of Peninsular Malaysia and their potential uses.InM.N.B. Nair, Mohd Harmami Sahri & Zaidon Ashaari, ed. Sustainable management of non-wood forest products. 14-17 October 1997. Serdang Putra Malaysia Press. Retrevied from http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/AB598E/AB598E18htm#3743
The Lemon Tree by Sandy Tolan is a non-fiction novel about the battle between the Arab’s and the Jews, for the land of Palestine. The author talks about events that take place in the early 1900s to the 20th century, catching the struggles of both sides and the facts relative to their situations. Before the mid 1900s, Palestine was known as the British ruled homeland for Arabs. They lived and farmed there for many centuries, and were inhabited throughout all of Palestine. In 1917, the Balfour declaration was signed by England, establishing that they would help create “a ‘national homeland for the Jewish people’ in Palestine.” (9) After that, rebellions on both sides fought for the land they believed was theirs. The novel also revolves around the growing friendship between an Arab man, Bashir Al-Khairi, and a Jewish woman, Dalia Eshkenazi.
Before you go on to try any other type of oil (or really any other type of food), cleanse your palate with water and slices of green apple
The Lemon Tree by Sandy Tolan recounts the events of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through the lives of two individuals: Dalia, a Bulgarian jew, and Bashir, a Palestinian muslim. The Lemon Tree is a story of persecution , its consequences, and of human nature. In the 1940s the Nazis began the holocaust, a mass extermination of the jewish people and others that the Nazis deemed as “undesirable”, prompting many Jews to flee and seek refuge. Jewish emigration from countries in eastern Europe was met with anti semitic immigration policies in the west, thus leading to the mass migration of Jews to Palestine. The tensions between the jewish and arab Palestinians eventually evolved into the Arab-Israeli War of 1948. Citizens of Palestine were
Citrus fruit are not just used for fresh fruit and juice. It has many other uses. One is in jellies and in other preserves. Preserves include marmalades and crystallized fruits. A by-product of citrus production is ...
Trees not only have the capability of bringing majestic beauty to a landscape, they also have the ability to sustain the livelihood of individuals from the small seeds they provide. Traditionally trees have been felled to make timber, but the Shea tree through the development of seeds has the potential to develop into a major export item. Shea Butter comes from the seeds of the Shea tree which can be used in the manufacture of food items, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The moisturizing and healing properties of Shea butter have been discovered by western cosmetic industries in recent years, but Shea butter has been in use in African society for centuries. The Shea butter is gathered by women and young children and involves tedious labor before the product can be sold to itinerant trader and then finally to a larger supplier. There is some controversy involved with the harvesting of this widely used and coveted cosmetic item as women and children have to work hard but are not paid fairly for their product. Production and sale of Shea butter covers a number of topics, including but not limited to global poverty, ways to acquire hard currency, women and development, and finally globalization and the environment.
For citrus growers in Florida, the future is uncertain. Two bacterial diseases, named citrus canker and citrus greening disease, have devastated countless acres of trees across the state. For an industry that “generates about $8.9 billion a year,” this is no small issue (“Citrus Greening”). The Florida Citrus Grower’s Association would like to import a landrace of orange discovered in China that is resistant to citrus greening disease and test it in Florida to discover its effects on both citrus canker and greening. Although there are advantages to importing a resistant form of citrus, the risks greatly outweigh the potential benefits, and for this reason, the Association should begin to place its efforts towards the many alternative methods of control that are available.
In this experiment, lipids from ground nutmeg are extracted using a combination of solvents and identify the lipids through chromatography. The purpose of using solvent combinations is to elute the lipids based on their polarity to binding of the silica gel. The chromatography is performed on a silica gel plate and the use of iodine to visualize the lipids. By calculating the Rf values for each compound and comparing them to the known lipids, we are able to distinguish the lipids within the grounded nutmeg.
Durian is the most well known occasional natural product in Indonesia. Just 1/3 of durian is consumable, though the seeds are discarded. This waste is capability of significant worth included, for example, seed gum. Mayonnaise is o/w emulsion based item utilize egg yolk as an emulsifier, yet in this exploration, durian seed gum (2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, and 4.5%) has been utilized to supplant on egg yolk in making veggie lover mayonnaise. The best plan of veggie lover mayonnaise from 4% durian seed gum was contrasted with business and the control also. This outcome is comparable to mayonnaise with egg yolk, and the business mayonnaise. Past examinations uncovered that the characteristic polymer of gum durian seed had emulsifying action oil in water (o/w). Common gum was a polysaccharide comprising of monosaccharides connected through glycoside bonds. Common gum polymers are normally unpredictable, produced a considerable measure of plants, for example, carrageenan, pectin, CMC, starch, guar gum, and sodium carboxyl. Methyl cellulose was utilized as a gelling operator, thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier. Fluid extraction was a standout amongst the most well-known methods utilized for the extraction of gum. Gum durian seeds can be utilized
The freshly squeezed citrus juices of Lemon,lime and orange were analysed through titration over the period of 2 weeks. Initially the lime juice was found to be slightly more acidic than the other juices followed by lemon juice and then orange juice since it is known that usually lime is more acidic than lemon and orange. It was hypothesised that the acidity of each juice will increase or decrease after the period of two weeks depending upon the sugar content of that citrus fruit that the juice is extracted from. The acidity of the juice with the highest sugar level will gradually increase over the period of time since sugar contribute to the the fermentation of the citrus juice to lactic acid. The hypothesis was shown to be correct;however
Clove is a renowned spice which is widely used in cuisines around the world. The natural end product of this nail like spice is of dark brown color. The word clove is derived from a Latin word “clavus” which means “nail”. It originates seven thousand and five hundred years BC back. Due to its unbelievable functions and amazing benefits it can be also called “the wonder spice”. A clove contains an oily compound beneath its hard exterior. This chemical compound “eugenol” is responsible for most of its miraculous advantages. Clove trees are cultivated in Madagascar only for medical purposes. Most people are still unaware of its importance, benefits and uses. Ensure limited intake of cloves must be used in minor amount to avoid side effects like dehydration, toxicity etc.
Orange juice has a lot of benefits for the body.(3) It contains vitamin c, which is an antioxidant, helps to boost the absorption of iron when combined with foods and is a great tasting away to combat the common cold. There is Folate that helps with DNA formation and helps to lower homocysteine, the chemical associated with heart disease and memory impairment. There is research being done on phytonutrients that are also present in orange juice. They are naturally occurring chemicals such as beta-carotene which is what gives orange juice it’s color. They are considered antioxidants, like vitamin c.There is still research being done on the ones in orange juice and what a required daily requirement should be. Potassium ,another nutrient in orange juice, helps with the fluid - electrolyte balance in cells. The juice contains thiamin and niacin, which helps to convert food to a form of energy the body can use. Vitamin B6 is present and helps in the formation of hemoglobin, the part of the red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
Melaleuca trees are a source of essential oils and help reduce erosion and sediment
Food Preservation is the ways to retain the food quality in a longer times. It is to prevent the food decomposition and fermentation. Besides that, food preservation not only to prevent the food getting spoilt in a long period of time but also preserved the colour, taste and the food nutritive value. Nowadays, food preservation has become more and more important component in the food industry as the consumers expect that able to purchase those foods that are out of season or imported from other countries. Furthermore, there are few reason why food preservation is important in our daily life such as preservation foods when they are in season it may added variety choices in our meals for example smoke meats and