This experiment conducted at the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Lodz Poland attempted to understand the relationship between the shade and color of the substrate and it’s effects on the predatory behavior of Yllenus arenarius a cryptically colored jumping spider native to the region. The researchers were testing whether the predator would adapt it’s behavior based on it’s background when hunting prey. They used both subadult and adult male and female spiders which are known to have different colors. The spiders were tested on light sand and dark sand. Light colored spiders referred to female, and subadult males. Adult male spiders were referred to as dark spider. The prey selected were leafhoppers which are natural prey for the spiders in the experiment. Researchers used a white cardboard box to visually examine the spider’s camouflage. Spiders were placed on either light color sand or dark colored sand. The spiders were left to hunt for 15 minutes and their success, distance to prey and speed was recorded. Light colored females on light backgrounds had the most success. The results concluded that background color significantly affected the jumping distance. On the light backgrounds the spiders moved closer to their …show more content…
The research concluded that spiders which were able to camouflage had better hunting success than those who could not. This was to be expected and did not seem to offer any new or valuable research to the scientific community. One interesting thing is it does show that these spiders were aware of their surroundings and able to change their behavior based on this principal. This shows some intelligence or understanding on the jumping spiders part. Yet there was no control group to compare this to and each spider was only used once. This paper also shows the difference between male and female behaviors but more experiments will have to be done to corroborate these
I hypothesized that sowbugs preferred damp soil, to dry, because moisture was the perceived causative agent. I observed that the sowbugs spent more time on the damp soil, rather than the dry soil (Table 1). The sowbugs spent 85% of their observed time on the damp soil side of the experimental chamber (Table 1). These results support my hypothesis, because they suggest that moisture of soil determines where sowbugs will prefer to spend their time (Table 1).
To conduct the experiment, the beetles were massed, then attached to a petri dish with a 30 centimeter piece of dental floss. The beetle’s mass was the independent variable. Afterwards, the floss was tied to the beetle’s midsection with a slip knot. Then, the beetle was placed on a piece of fabric with the petri dish attached to it. As soon as the beetle was able to move with one paperclip inside the petri dish, more were added, one by one, until it could not move any further. After the beetle could not pull any more, the paperclips were massed and the results were recorded. The dependent variable was the mass that the beetles could pull. No control group was included in this experiment.
T. californicus is found from Alaska to Baja in small, shallow tidepools and tidal flats in the upper spray zone where they cannot avoid the full effect of visible and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Individuals assemble in areas of lower radiation at midday, yet have no preference to the intensity of light at dawn and dusk (Hartline and Macmillan 1995). These tiny arthropods inhabit all types of marine sediments from sand to fine mud and ooze. Along with plankton, T. californicus eats microscopic algae, protists, bacteria, diatoms, algae and microbes (McGroarty 1958). When the concentrations of the species in their habitats are high, T. californicus will turn to cannibalism for a food source. The nautilus eye present in the species is rich with fatty acids and provides a good food source for the animal.
Deborah L. Duffy, Yuying Hsu, James A. Serpell ,Applied Animal Behavior Science - 1 December 2008 (Vol. 114, Issue 3, Pages 441-460, DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2008.04.006)
Although Spiders provide a plethora of benefits to our community, they continue to be one of the most feared insects not only in the Northern Kentuckian area but also throughout the world. In this project, I will come to a conclusion on why people generally fear spiders, which is an actual diagnosis called arachnophobia. Arachnophobia can be triggered by the mere thought of a spider or even by a picture of a spider in some cases. Some people with arachnophobia will, upon entering a room, search it for a spider. If they find a spider, they will monitor its progress very thoroughly. Often the fear is caused by having an unwanted encounter with a spider earlier in life, such as their childhood. One of the more effective and
Zuberbühler K., Jenny D. and Bshary R. (1999). The predator deterrence function of primate alarm calls. Ethology 105: 477-490
“Design” begins with a number of conflicting images. The speaker claims to have found “a dimpled spider, fat and white” (line 1). Immediately, one is stricken with a sense of confusion; a white, dimpled spider is quite a rarity in most parts of the world, I would assume. The speaker continues to
Arachnida is a subphylum of Arthropoda, consisting of over 100 000 species, many of them being parasites which can carry disease. They are found in all environments, and mostly have eight legs, which is a feature, together with the fact that they do not have wings or antennae, often used to distinguish them from the other subphyla, though there are exceptions. They include spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites. Their bodies are divided up into three parts: the cephalothorax, the opisthosoma and the thorax, and use a type of lung for gas exchange. Most Arachnids are carnivorous, and eat pre-digested insects and other small animals. They reproduce using internal reproduction usually lay eggs, except for the scorpion which bears living young. The word ‘Arachnid’ comes from the Greek word ‘Arachne’ meaning ‘spider’.
The most important family is Acrididae consisting of about 10,000 species. The family is characterised by the short thickened antennae and relatively unmodified anatomy, they are visually more striking than othe Caelifera, die to the adult?
Mud Crabs use chemical communication cues to judge predator threats. By analyzing the qualitative and quantitative properties of the chemical cues given off by predicators, crabs are able to determine certain characteristics about their predators that will help them assess the levels of threat associated with that particular predator. Qualitative chemical cues allows crabs to tell the difference between different predators and also distinguish between different predator diets. Hill and Wissburg’s (2014) experiment showed Mud Crabs were less prominent on reefs where Blue Crabs ate a diet consisting mostly of Mud Crabs rather than reefs where Blue Crabs fed on oysters instead. Quantitative differences in chemical cues allow prey to determine the intensity of predator threat.
Insects are the largest group of living things on Earth and one good example of insects is butterfly. It has been accustomed among the public and science due to their striking colors and elegant flight (Perveen & Fazal, 2013). Butterflies are defined as flying insects with large wings that are usually colourful and attractive. It is known as the most effective pollinators of flowers besides moths and bees (Perveen & Fazal, 2013). Flower is the main food source for butterflies (Abang, 2006). Quinn and Klym (2009) stated that railway and power line right-of-ways, deserted fields and along dirt roads are among the many habitats of butterflies. The exact number of the types of butterfly that exist is still unknown. However, butterflies can be classified into three categories: Nymphalidae (brush-footed butterflies), Lycaenidae (Gosaemer-Wings), and Hesperiidae (skippers).
Some scholars assert that animals change its color in response to their environment because changing color is easiest way to cause optical illusion and do not need much time for hiding themselves from predators. Although this thesis is embroiled in controversy,new idea came up which rebut previous theory.It contains the idea that protection could not be just one clear explanation of animals changing theircolors because some researchers have found out that most animals are color blind. Their color works as a visual signal of mood or the process of evolution. To back up this opinion the explanation of animal’s physical difficulty will be discussed.As mentioned above, this thesis is very controversial. Most people believed existing theory; animal changes its color in order to protect itself. Nevertheless, the new theory, which is protection is not only reason to change its color, had more evidences that can verified, so many scholar is now fuel to new theory. Now let’s compare existing theory and new theory for approach to the fact.
It is also known as a hunting spider because one of its characteristics is the ability to hunt on the ground. It doesn't pray in the morning. The hunting mission is done at night. This spider does not live in groups. It likes to live and hunt alone.
The second common house spiders are the cellar spiders. They are long bodied spiders. You mostly find in dark places such as basements, cellars and crawl places. They also build webs on the ceiling boards or floor. They mostly target the corners. Some of the features they bare are: