Grasshoppers are herbivorous insects of the suborder Caelifera in the order Orthoptera. To distinguish them from bush crickets or katydids, they are sometimes referred to as short-horn grasshoppers. Species that change colour and behaviour at high population densities are called locusts.
The Characteristics of a Grasshopper
The Grasshoppers have antennae that are almost always shorter than the body (sometime filamentous), and short ovipositors. These species that make easily heard noise usually do so by rubbing the hind femurs against the forewings or abdomen (stridulation), or by snapping the wing sin flight. Tympana, if present, are on the sides of the first abdominal segment. The hind femora are typically long and strong fitted for leaping. Generally they are winged, but hind winds are membranous while front wings (tegmina) are coriaceous and not fit for flight. Females are normally larger than males, with short ovipositors.
They are easily confused with the other sub-order of Orthoptera Ensifea, but are different in many aspects, such as the segments in their antennae and structure of the ovipositor, as well as Ensiferans have antennae with at least 30 segments and Caelifera have fewer. In evolutionary terms, the spilt between the Caelifera and the Ensifera is no more recent than the Permo-Triassic boundary (Zeuner 1939)
Their Diverstiry and range
Recent estimates (Kevan 1982, Günther, 1980, 1992, Otte 1994-1995 subsequent literature) indicate some 2,400 valid Caeliferan Genera and about 11,000 valid species described to date. Many un-described species exist, especially in tropical wet forests. The Caelifera are predominantly tropical but most super families are presented world wide.
Families
The suborder Caelifera consists primarily of five major families:
? Acrididae (field Grasshoppers and locusts)
? Emuastacidae (tanaocerids)
? Tetrigidae (grouse locusts, pygmy grasshoppers, and pygmy locusts)
? Tridactylidae (pygmy mole crickets)
The most important family is Acrididae consisting of about 10,000 species. The family is characterised by the short thickened antennae and relatively unmodified anatomy, they are visually more striking than othe Caelifera, die to the adult?
Fox, R. 2001. Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine: Artemia Franciscana. Lander University. http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/artemia.html, retrieved February 13, 2011.
Outline the physical similarities between the (Blaptica dubia) cockroach and the cricket. Explain previous studies on physical stress in the cricket and in different species of cockroaches. Briefly discuss how the metabolic rate between the two species has been found to be very similar.
...d, but they’re hind legs are more designed for jumping. The end lyric is, “flying, striking spreading their wings. Locust and plagues…:. Locust have been known to have a prophetic nature. They appear in book of Exodus in the bible and occasionally be symbols of doom and strife.
For the original analysis, the corrected pairwise distance will be calculated using the Jukes–Cantor and the Maximum Composite Likelihood Model. The Jukes–Cantor model assumes that the rate of nucleotide substitution or all nucleotides (C, A, T and G) are equal, that nucleotide frequencies are equal, that there is an equal rate of substitution among sites, and does not correct for the lower rate of transversion substitutes in comparison to transitional substitutions (Jukes and Cantor, 1969). The Maximum Composite Likelihood takes into account the phylogenic relationship between sequences, using the sum of the log likelihoods of the bases as the composite likelihood. Both pair wise distances and substitution parameters are estimated using the Maximum Composite Likelihood (Tamura et al. 2004). Both models should yield different maximum sequence divergence and average divergence that can then be compared to the original paper. With sequence divergence data, the temporal origin of the genus can be identified. The two alternate models to the Kimura-2 parameter will be analyzed to discuss which methods yield results closest to the expected time origin of the genus
The Grasshopper and the Bell Cricket, written by Yasunari Kawabata, is a visual literary piece. This short story uses many symbols and subtle messages to convey the theme of life, hope, and innocent love. Some of the symbols that supports the overall theme are the grasshopper and the bell cricket, the handmade and the store-bought lanterns in a variety of colors, and the scene where Fujio tried to get Kiyoko’s attention. Although it is seen through the images of varicolored lanterns and in the insect hunting, the theme is clearer in the last three paragraphs of the story. The use of a narrator to relay the observation on the children also aided in the build-up to the theme. All these visual imageries throughout the short story were not only
In order to understand the entirety of a society, we must first understand each part and how it contributes to the stability of the society. According to the functionalist theory, different parts of society are organized to fill discrete needs of each part, which consequently determines the form and shape of society. (Crossman). All of the individual parts of society depend on one another. This is exhibited in “A Bug’s Life” through the distinct roles the ants and grasshoppers play in their own society. The two species are stratified in such a way that they each contribute to the order and productivity of the community. In the movie, the head grasshopper states that “the sun grows the food, the ants pick the food, and the grasshoppers eat the food” (A Bug’s Life). This emphasizes social stability and reliance on one another’s roles. The grasshoppers rely on the ants for food, while the ants rely on the grasshoppers for protection. This effective role allocation and performance is what ensures that together, the ants and grasshoppers form a functioning society to guarantee their survival.
...d by Dawson), regarding the more isolated family, Lychnorhizidae, alternative to the recent taxonomic behavior, which includes three distinct families (Kramp 1961 cited by Dawson).
Arachnida is a subphylum of Arthropoda, consisting of over 100 000 species, many of them being parasites which can carry disease. They are found in all environments, and mostly have eight legs, which is a feature, together with the fact that they do not have wings or antennae, often used to distinguish them from the other subphyla, though there are exceptions. They include spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites. Their bodies are divided up into three parts: the cephalothorax, the opisthosoma and the thorax, and use a type of lung for gas exchange. Most Arachnids are carnivorous, and eat pre-digested insects and other small animals. They reproduce using internal reproduction usually lay eggs, except for the scorpion which bears living young. The word ‘Arachnid’ comes from the Greek word ‘Arachne’ meaning ‘spider’.
The firefly is sometimes referred to as a “lightening bug.” There are about 2,000 firefly species; for the most part they live in warm but humid environments. Fireflies are neither flies nor bugs; they are actually part of the beetle family. Fireflies are from the Animalia kingdom, and are of the Lampyridae family. Fireflies hibernate over winter by burrowing underground, under water or settle under the bark of a tree some can live for several years by hibernating as larva during the winter.
Insects are the most diverse group of organisms on the planet. They occupy most of the habitat in the world. Insects have served as a model group of organisms for tackling many biological queries. Butterflies (Class: Insecta; Order: Lepidoptera) have been used as a model for studies on ecology, development and population dynamics. Most of the species are highly seasonal and some have very restricted habitats. Butterflies are good indicators of climate and help us understand fluctuations in seasonal changes. They require specific ecological conditions for their growth and development. Monitoring butterflies helps us understand the overall diversity of a habitat as they are directly dependent on other factors such as availability of host plants and nectar plants. They also play a very significant role in
Ants, Little but Mighty. What is an ant? Ants are insects, they have six legs and each leg has three joints. Ants legs are very strong.
Insect, small, air-breathing animal characterized by a segmented body with three main parts—head, thorax, and abdomen. In their adult forms, insects typically have three pairs of legs, one pair of antennae, and in most instances, two pairs of wings. Insects rank among the most successful animals on Earth. About one million species of insects have been identified so far, which is about half of all the animals known to science. That is why for every pound of human on the earth there are 10 pounds of insects. So that is why there are many reasons why insects are so successful, their exoskeleton, their size, their body function, the way they reproduce, and their development of metamorphosis.
form. The image of a "pitchy cloud / Of locusts" to describe them as they
Reptiles are vertebrate, or backboned animals constituting the class Reptilia and are characterized by a combination of features, none of which alone could separate all reptiles from all other animals.The characteristics of reptiles are numerous, therefore can not be explained in great detail in this report. In no special order, the characteristics of reptiles are: cold-bloodedness; the presence of lungs; direct development, without larval forms as in amphibians; a dry skin with scales but not feathers or hair; an amniote egg; internal fertilization; a three or four-chambered heart; two aortic arches (blood vessels) carrying blood from the heart to the body, unlike mammals and birds that only have one; a metanephric kidney; twelve pairs of cranial nerves; and skeletal features such as limbs with usually five clawed fingers or toes, at least two spinal bones associated with the pelvis, a single ball-and-socket connection at the head-neck joint instead of two, as in advanced amphibians and mammals, and an incomplete or complete partition along the roof of the mouth, separating the food and air passageways so that breathing can continue while food is being chewed. These and other traditional defining characteristics of reptiles have been subjected to considerable modification in recent times. The extinct flying reptiles, called pterosaurs or pterodactyls, are now thought to have been warm-blooded and covered with hair. Also, the dinosaurs are also now considered by many authorities to have been warm-blooded. The earliest known bird, archaeopteryx, is now regarded by many to have been a small dinosaur, despite its covering of feathers The extinct ancestors of the mammals, the therapsids, or mammallike reptiles, are also believed to have been warm-blooded and haired.