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Importance of academic literacy skills
Standardization in testing
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A Lexile level is a number given to a student based on their ability to read a passage fluently. For each grade level there is an average Lexile level that a student should be at. For example the average Lexile level for a 2nd grader is between 140L-500L. Teachers use student’s Lexile levels for many things in the classroom. They use it to make tests and quizzes that meet their student’s reading and comprehension ability. The state uses student’s Lexile levels to determine what form of standardized test they will receive. The lower end of the Lexile range represents the level at which a student is able to read independently. The upper end of the Lexile range represents a student’s instructional reading level, a level at which the student …show more content…
There are two types of Lexile measures that use this scale: the Lexile reader and the Lexile text. When used together, Lexile measures help a reader find reading materials at a level they should be able to read independently with approximately 75% comprehension. The Lexile Framework is a tool that makes it possible to place readers and text on the same scale. The difference between a reader's Lexile measure and a text's Lexile measure is used to forecast the comprehension the reader will have with the text. The Lexile Framework was built on the common knowledge that text can be ordered as too difficult, and readers can be ordered as to their reading ability. The readability of a text is determined by examining the whole text to measure such characteristics as sentence length and word frequency, characteristics that are highly related to overall reading comprehension. The word-frequency and sentence-length results are then entered into the Lexile equation to compute the Lexile measure of the book. Word frequency is based on the frequency of the word in a body of text of over 300-million words taken from a variety of sources and genres. Knowing the frequency of words, as they are used in writing and oral communication, provides the best means of increasing the likelihood that a reader would encounter a word and that it would become a part of their daily vocabulary. Sentence length is determined by counting the number of words per sentence. Specific editing rules are used to ensure consistency of editing/analysis from text to text. Research has shown that sentence length is a good proxy for the demand that structural complexity places upon verbal short- term
After, reviewing the vast amount of reading inventories that can be utilized to obtain a reading competency level for a student. I decided to utilize the Jennings Informal Reading Assessment, this assessment had all of the essential elements needed to analyze and evaluate the reading styles and comprehension level of a student. The unique qualities that assist me in selecting this strategy were that of the preprimary word list. The word list offers the student a chance to learn and observe terms that he/she may not have known prior to the assessment. This also provided me with a better understanding of the student usage of visual cues and ability to utilize prior knowledge to understand and recognize information. This is a cognitive ability
The writer uses structures and features of the text to manipulate the reader’s experience of the text and the reader being immersed in the novel has changed through the author’s use of structures and features of the text. Characters in the text use different vocabulary to reflect on how smart they are, this gives the reader a good understanding of the characters. The author’s use of direct speech throughout this text gives the reader a good understanding on what the characters are doing.
Close reading, according to the author, has five key components to look for; word choice, repetition,
This is the process in which a student will take a vocabulary test at the beginning of the school year which will be graded. On this grading scale, students receive a reading range in which they are aloud to read books according to their difficulty level.
Students have the ability to read grade level text but continue to demonstrate difficulty with comprehension of information because they are unfamiliar with the vocabulary of learning. This problem appears to occur more frequently in English learners (EL) and Students with Disabilities (SWDs). Students benefit from specific and explicit vocabulary instruction (Hattie 2000).... ... middle of paper ...
The whole world is connected by technology. Over time, technology has advanced from payphones and typewriters to cellphones and computers. The progression from a gray-screened cellular device to an advanced smartphone allows easier accessibility. So the question is whether or not the Internet or online technology is affecting the way we read long texts. In my opinion, I agree with Nicholas Carr, who states that "our hyperactive online habits are damaging the mental faculties we need to process and understand lengthy textual information.”
Think of your sentences as a form of note-taking on the sections you read. If you are good at writing the sentences, they will help you prepare for your reading quizzes. Highlight or bold or underline the word in your sentence and make your sentences at least 10 words long. Do NOT copy and paste definitions out of the dictionary - put them into your OWN words. Delete these vocab instructions when you are
The DeFord Theoretical Orientation to Reading Profile, developed in 1985 by Diane DeFord, is a way to measure the philosophy and belief systems associated with instructional practices in the beginning of reading. The three systems include phonics, skills, and whole language (Vacca et al 2006). The bottom-up beliefs systems, associated with Behaviorism, place emphasis on letters, letter-sound relationships, and the understanding that the student, in order to comprehend the selection, must recognize each word in a text. There is importance placed on decoding, and skills are taught in a systematic and sequential format.
Readability of text: The grade level I chose is fifth, and the material comes from McGraw-Hill’s Reading Wonders. “The Boy Who Invented TV” by Kathleen Krull and illustrated by Greg Couch is the text I used to apply Fry’s Readability Formula. The Lexile Text Complexity Range is set at 860 and the Text Evaluator is at 38 for this particular story. “The Boy Who Invented TV” was an appropriate biography for fifth grade, however I was surprised to use the Fry’s Readability Formula and find that it was actually graphed at an upper seventh grade level. After doing this readability I have a newfound understanding as to why students, especially lower level, can really struggle with the text found in their books. It is much more evident that after reading
To accomplish vocabulary development, before reading the teacher needs to instruct their students on any prerequisites that they need to understand to interpret the text appropriately. This means the teacher has to pull out the most important words as well as those that may be too difficult for the stud...
Highland Park Elementary School places high emphasis on English Language Arts (ELA). The Kindergarten classes at this school use ELA standards such as CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.K.1, CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RF.K.2, CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.K.2, and CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.SL.K.1 to drive instruction. The district requires them to use materials such as Fountas and Pinnell leveled books and assessments. They have also created their own list of sight words that students should know in each grade level based on Dolch and Fry sight word lists. The district also places high emphasis
Last is Frustration Level, at this level the reading material is much too difficult for the student. The student is frustrated by either word recognition or comprehension or even both. The students Word Recognition at this level is below 92% and Comprehension is below 70%. Material at this reading level should be avoided.
In the content area in Language Arts, students will develop the reading skills necessary for word recognition, comprehension, interpretation, analysis, and evaluation of print and non-print text activating prior knowledge, processing and acquiring new vocabulary, organizing information, understanding visual representations, self-monitoring, and reflecting. This can be accomplished by implementing pre-reading, during-reading, and post-reading strategies into the lesson plan. Fifth grade students will read and write a variety of texts with greater scope and depth. In addition, they will analyze and evaluate information and ideas by revisiting and refining concepts about the language arts benchmark and will become more refined and independent learners.
It is important that when selecting complex text educators look for specific factors that would meet each reader’s needs. These factors include language proficiency, background knowledge and experiences, and level of motivation. Depending on the factors mentioned, the educators can differentiate the instruction to meet the needs of the students where they could read a text and apply strategies learned. It is important to understand the text complexity because we do want readers to read text which are not challenging enough or that are extremely challenge that would make their self-efficacy low. Therefore, when Fisher & Frey (2012) stated the factors to take into consideration when selecting a text are established, readers would interact with the text. Moreover, the use of comprehension strategies like question and answer relationships (Reutzel & Cooter, 2016) would help the readers comprehend the text as they read
Just, M.A., & Carpenter, P.A. (2010). The psychology of reading and language comprehension. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon, Inc.