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Grade 6 social studies on ancient greek law
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There are many important lawgivers and laws in shaping Athenian and Spartan laws. First is who was the first person to create laws in Athens. Second is who Solon is and why he is important. Third is who Lycurgus is and what he did. Fourth is what some of the laws were. Draco was the first lawgiver in Athens to have his laws written down. Death was the penalty for all crimes. People who stole food were punished the same way as someone who killed a person. At that time many said Draco wrote his laws in blood instead of inc. When people asked Draco why he gave much a harsh consequence he stated that “ They deserved it” and “ that he knew no greater penalty for the greater ones”. Most of his harsh laws were changed or taken away once solon …show more content…
Many people know very little of him other than the fact that some of his laws were in Athens first constitution. His laws were known as the draconian laws and they were severe, harsh and cruel. Following a war with the city of Megara, the aristocratic rulers were banished from Athens. Another legislator named Solon was authorized to re-write the laws of Athens to relieve the misery of the lower classes.The magistrate began getting rid of his harsh penalties.Although Solon kept the death penalty as the punishment for …show more content…
He wanted to restore the bond between ruled and rulers. He did not believe the people should actually rule. He created a Council (Four Hundred people) to represent the ordinary citizens. Some citizens became slaves because they couldn't pay their debts, due to the economic crisis. One thing in solons constitution is “enabling the volunteer to avenge the wronged”. The code of laws, the vote of jurors and the trial are the main things that will protect democracy. Solon was forced to find a cure to this huge problem and was named peacemaker. When he got power his first concern was to get rid of the debt. Some people say that Solon asked to cancel all debts. This plan was called “shaking off of burdens” which did cancel debts and the slaves were freed from their debt. All of these laws made Solon one of the founding fathers of Athens and helped an economic recovery. Solon was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, poet and was a trader when he was younger. Solon stated that ,“ any athenian might initiate a suit, and some measure of control over the verdict of magistrates was provided by right of appeal to a court of the citizens at large” . They would put it down on axones, and then later carve it on stone. There were four classes determined by statistics and wealth in Solon’s
Hammurabi is best known for his succession in writing down the first complete set of laws, titled Hammurabi’s Code. He strived as a king to bring protection, fairness, and justice to the weak of society using laws from the God of justice, Shamash. Hammurabi’s Code was written on a large stone pillar called a stele. In addition to writing a set of 282 laws, he expanded the territory of Babylon northward and westward, encouraged agriculture, and oversaw the erection of many buildings and temples. One may argue that since Hammurabi changed and eliminated some of the laws before he published the complete set, he was changed by the times. However, revising some of the laws was necessary to ensure the best protection and fairness for the people. Overall, King Hammurabi laid the foundation for the laws that we have today and his legacy continues on in our justice
Ancient laws were brutal. Babylonian laws, like Hammurabi's Code, included physical torture and death as punishments. The rule behind these punishments was "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth."Hammurabi was the name of the king in the city-state of Babylon who ruled for nearly 4,000 years ago.This code was a set of 282 laws that maintained order. Hammurabi's Code was unjust because accidents were punished, punishments for intentional damage was extreme, and it focused on revenge instead of preventing future crime.
The origin of the Athenian democracy of the fifth and for centuries can be traced back to Solon. Solon was a poet and a wise statesmen but not a Democrat. His constitutional reform package laid the basis on which an aristocrat called Cleisthenes could pioneer democracy. Cleisthenes championed a radical political reform movement which in 508 -507 ushered in the Athenian democratic constitution. Under this political system Athens successfully resisted the Persian onslaughts that victory in turn encourage the poorest Athenian's to demand a greater say in the ruling of their city. In the late 460's a radicalization of power shifted the balance decisively to the poorest sections of society. This was the democratic Athens that laid the foundations of Western rational and critical thought.
In his essay “Land of Opportunity” James W. Loewen details the ignorance that most American students have towards class structure. He bemoans the fact that most textbooks completely ignore the issue of class, and when it does it is usually only mentions middle class in order to make the point that America is a “middle class country. This is particularly grievous to Loewen because he believes, “Social class is probably the single most important variable in society. From womb to tomb, it correlates with almost all other social characteristics of people that we can measure.” Loewen simply believes that social class usually determine the paths that a person will take in life. (Loewen 203)
Law is to country just like soil is to plants. If the soil is right and appropriate then the the plant will flourish. If laws are just and its conditions are right, then the state will benefit from it. Without an appropriate law, the state will be in complete chaos. In the same case, two different lawgivers from different nations were given the same mission: to help make their states better than it was. Solon, an Athenian archon who was elected to make Athens and its city states thrive and remove this nation from its disastrous state. On the other hand, there’s Lycurgus, a Spartan man, whose mission was to help make Sparta also a thriving nation based on his first hand experiences he had during his travels (mostly from Egypt and Crete). At the end of the day, these two lawgivers had a different notion of justice and they each dealt with social inequalities in their city in their own way.
Overall, the Hammurabi’s Code of Laws showed that crimes in Mesopotamia were followed by severe punishments. Very often these punishments were death penalty. The laws were not equal between social classes, and slaves were subjected to the harsher punishments than free-born.
The Gortyn law code was a series of civil laws in use at around 450 B.C.E in modern day Crete . Unlike the name suggests these laws were not a code, but specific ad hoc responses to crisis as they occurred in Gortyn and surrounding areas . The writing itself focuses on civil laws such as divorce, rape and property rights. The majority of punishments for crimes in Gortyn were monetary rather than physical pain or imprisonment, like other city states in ancient Greece. The laws themselves can also shed light on other law practices throughout Greece at this time, as many law makers would visit Gortyn and study the inscriptions. However, due to the vast differences between many city states as well as change over time there are many differences
Politically, Lycurgus instituted elders in Sparta and Solon based political power on wealth in Athens as an attempt to alleviate social injustices. Lycurgus intended to make Sparta a more just and equal city as he strikes a balance between the people and the king to resist democracy and prevent the development of tyranny. Unfortunately, the council of elders did not carry out an equal or just city as Lycurgus intended. The elders turned out to be richer and much more powerful than any other person in the city, including the king. When an elder was to pass away, “whoever was met with the most shouting and the loudest” was selected to be the next elder (Plutarch 31). This is not a just reformation because votes were not based on an objective measure, such as having each citizen poll about their elder preference. Instead, it was based off a subjective measure – shouting. In contrast, Solon changed the qualifications for political power from inheritance to wealth. This reformation was both just and relatively equal. Solon offered every citizen a fair opportunity to adv...
The law of Sparta was written and developed by Lycurgus (Blundell). Lycurgus was a famous law maker of the Spartan culture and he is credited with founding many of Spartan institutions and militant reforms (Blundell). One
The code of Hammurabi, Draco, and Diocletian was similar in terms of the cruelty of punishments. They were all punished for minor offences and the poor people did not have a lot of rights. Their codes were based on harsh punishments in order to limit the number of crimes committed in Athens. These codes mostly benefited the rich who could read and understand what the code meant. Solon on the other hand was relatively a generous leader who was fair to all classes. He got hid of cruel punishments for minor offences, he only used the previous codes for homicide crimes. He freed the poor people from debt and slavery that never happened until his reign. He was concerned with social equality and also he wanted the poor people of Athens to live their life without any obligations to the rich unlike the other three rulers.
The march towards developing a democratic society is often obstructed with societal unrest due to the influence of the status quo on the instruments of power. Before the rule of Solon, Athens underwent this same rule, as there was much discontent among the social classes in Athens. The society suffered financial disparity that often was the trigger for the war among the rich and poor in the society. This was a major factor that forced Solon into power to institute policies that would see a reformed Athens. By so doing, the society was looking for an avenue that would guarantee democracy and a society that is fair for everyone. The city-state of Athens was the epicenter of the revolution for the Athenian democracy during the fifth century BC. In the Athenian democracy, the electorate voted for the legislation of bills instead of a direct democracy where the electorates are tasked with electing representatives who later developed the bill. Among the first people who made significant contributions to the development of the Athenian democracy were Solon (594 BC), Cleisthenes (508/7 BC), Pericles (495 – 429 BC) and Ephialtes (462 BC). Pericles was the longest serving democratic leader who contributed much development in democracy in the city. This paper will give an account of the age of the Pericles.
The Athenian government was a democratic government, which means it was ruled by the people to vote and have a voice in society. The democracy was slowly formed by leaders Solon and Cleisthenes. Solon took over when Athens was in political turmoil. He introduced new reforms to forgive debts, outlaw new loans, free people that
Hammurabi’s code was a just law system that used the influence of gods and harsh punishments to scare people away from crime to maintain the order of his society. Hammurabi was an 18th century BCE king in Babylonia, in addition to his big title he was famous for the creation of a 282 law code. His laws were very exact in that there was a law for any situation. These laws are famous for the harsh punishments Hammurabi allotted for crimes committed by people living under his rule. The question asked when looking at his laws are were they just? But if you look at the categories of family, property and injury it is clear that they are.
After the Commercial Law came the Penal Law. This had to do with the issue of crime. The laws were unusually harsh do to their ineducation. Despite this the wealthy class usually enjoyed more freedom from the law than the lower classes. There was no jury in the court back in the times of Babylon. The code of Hammurabi was like an eye for an eye punishment. If you killed someone than you would be killed.
When for some other reason it was declared to suppress somebody, a charge of unorthodoxy was a facile means to excite the prejudices of the average citizens who served in the jury courts… The bearing of this theory on the case of Socrates is easily seen. Socrates was an inveterate of democracy.” There was no written law that went against free thinking or promoting it to others. Socrates noticed the system of democracy for the Golden Age of Athens was flaw and that he was not fully approving the form of democracy during his trial.