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Theory of moral development by Lawrence Kohlberg and their educational implications
Theory of moral development by Lawrence Kohlberg and their educational implications
Theory of moral development by Lawrence Kohlberg and their educational implications
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Ellan’s Needs Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development can be described in Ellan Johnson Sirleaf life in many ways. From being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 alongside Leymah Gbowee, and Tawakkul Karman, to her education provided by the Sande secret societies that made her the remarkable women she is today. Kohlberg’s Stages of moral development consists of three levels with six stages. Level one the pre-conventional morality consists of stage one obedience and punishment orientation and stage two individualism and exchange. Level two conventional morality incorporates stage three good interpersonal relationships and stage four maintaining the social order. Lastly, level three witch consistent of stage …show more content…
At the bottom of the tier is the physiological needs or the physical requirement for human survival. Once those needs are meet the next tier must deal with one’s physical safety, financial, health. Next, thru friendships, intimacy, and family a feeling of belonging. Getting closer to the top of the pyramid is esteem which is the need to feel respected through self-esteem and self-respect. At the top to the pyramid is self-actualization when a person is at their full potential and is in realization of that potential …show more content…
Ellan Sirleaf’s mother became an educated teacher and her father was an attorney in Liberia’s national legislature. Resulting from aggressive military leaders educated citizens took common market place jobs to blend into the community an example of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. In doing so Ellan Sirleaf’s parents could be involved in the secret societies that worked underground to help children of educated parents get a proper education. Secret societies like Poro for males and Sande for females stayed and diligently worked underground to rebuild their country. Though education and determination women of the Sande society like Ellan Sirleaf were groomed to hold powerful positions in the country’s government to help rebuild the nation. This determination is an example of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to preserve the physiological, safety, love and belonging of the
I noticed in Piaget stages of moral development Kevin is in the autonomous morality stage. Kevin has realized the rules at school and standards can be negotiated and or changed because his parents can get the school to change the rules or policies for his benefit. On Kohlberg’s stage Kevin, his behaviors can be related to the conventional level stage 4. Broderick and Blewitt describes Kohlberg’s conventional morality as “what is right depends on other’s approval or on the need to maintain social order” (pg. 261). Kevin’s peers react to his negative behaviors is effecting his moral
The physiological level, which is at the bottom of the pyramid, must be carried out first in order to reach the top level of self-actualization. Some of the needs in this level are food, water, air, shelter, and sleep. These certain needs are what the man and the boy are searching for throughout the entire book. In the bottom level of
Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development is three levels consisting of two stages in each. Kohlberg’s Theory explains how a human’s mind morally develops. Level one is typically common in younger children. The two stages in level one are pre-conventional stages. Stage one is obedience and punishment driven; one will judge an action by the consequences given. Stage two is out of self interest. Level two is mostly common in teenagers. The stages in this level
In the earliest part of Harriet?s life the whole idea of slavery was foreign to her. As all little girls she was born with a mind that only told her place in the world was that of a little girl. She had no capacity to understand the hardships that she inherited. She explains how her, ?heart was as free from care as that of any free-born white child.?(Jacobs p. 7) She explains this blissful ignorance by not understanding that she was condemned at birth to a life of the worst kind oppression. Even at six when she first became familiar with the realization that people regarded her as a slave, Harriet could not conceptualize the weight of what this meant. She say?s that her circumstances as slave girl were unusua...
She presents two contradictory images of society in most of her fiction: one in which the power and prevalence of evil seem so deeply embedded that only destruction may root it out, and another in which the community or even an aggregate of individuals, though radically flawed, may discover within itself the potential for regeneration. (34)
At the base of the hierarchy are the physiological needs of human beings. This level consists of a human's need for food, water, oxygen, sleep, and sex. Homeless people are at this level of the hierarchy because their concern is in obtaining those things necessary for survival. Once an individual has met these needs, they begin to seek steady work, financial security, stability at home, and a predictable environment. This level consists of overachievers and workaholics. People such as this are so concerned with their income that they do not feel that the amount of time they work is sufficient enough. If an individual meets all of these needs, then that person has obtained their general need for safety. Once human beings have obtained safety, they strive to fulfill their social needs. At this level humans concern themselves with affiliation, belongingness and love, affection, close relationships, family ties, and group membership. This is a particularly crucial level because if these needs are not met, then humans feel an overwhelming sense of loneliness and alienation. All the needs for love having been met, an individual seeks social status, respect, recognition, achievement, and power. All of these needs combine to fulfill an individual's need for esteem, and failing to satisfy this need, an individual endures a sense of inferiority and a lack of importance. All human beings are placed at one of these four levels, striving to satisfy the needs at that level. If there comes a time in which an individual has obtained all of the needs on the hierarchy, that person becomes ready, willing, and able to strive for self-actualization. According to Maslow, self-actualization is a distinctly human need to fulfill one's potential. As Maslow himself states, "A musician must make music, and artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is ultimately to be at peace with himself.
She leaves behind her family in order to pursue what she believes is the greater good. She leaves behind a family of nine, living in extreme poverty, to live with her biological father—who runs out on her at a young age to satisfy his need to feel big and important, simply based on anxieties about the hardships around him. Moody comes from a highly difficult and stressful situation, but she stands as the only hope for her starving family and leaves them behind for a life of scholarship and opportunity. This memoir leaves the reader with a sense of guilt for Moody’s decisions, and one may even argue that these decisions happened in vain, as the movement never made a massive impact on race relations. Unfortunately for Moody, she would continue to witness atrocious hate crimes up until the year of her
Five levels on a pyramid are initiated to explain the most basic of needs to harder to obtain ones. They are ordered physiological, safety, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Physiological needs include fundamentals such as food, water, sleep, and shelter. Next, safety is the stability one has to maintain life, for instance, personal well-being and health are included. After that comes love and belonging, having friendships and family as major aspects. In addition, esteem is the last of the most important levels of needs. It contains one’s positive feeling of importance and status. Last, and least important, self-actualization is the desire to be at one’s fullest potential. If the first four are not met, it may cause tension and anxiety, according to Maslow. Biff passed these levels with flying colors, as he wanted to do more and excel in college athletics, until things were changed after Biff saw his idol’s
In Kohlbergs moral stages five & six people begin to understand morals and social good then moral reasoning. Basic human rights become important as well as principles.
The moral development of children can depend on many factors. Parenting and upbringing of the child, their environment, social environment, gender, and race are all aspects that can contribute to how a child develops their moral standards and expectations. Many psychologist have tried for several years to develop a theory to how morality is developed. One in particular is Lawrence Kohlberg (1958), his moral development theory is based on the cognitive development of children and it is thought that moral development proceeds and changes as cognitive development occurs (Arnett, 2012). Kohlberg’s moral development theory consist of 3 different levels each containing 2 stages altogether making 6 stages of moral development, as Kohlberg conducted
For my self-assessment, I chose to discuss the Middle Childhood, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood life stages. The theories of human behavior that will be discussed are Erikson’s Psychosocial theory, Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning, and Albert Bandura’s social learning theory. I chose these life stages because they are the stages where I have experienced many events that have shaped me into the person I am today. There are a number of factors that have played a role in my development over a period of time and I will discuss them throughout my paper.
The hierarchy of needs is frequently represented in the shape of a pyramid and is broken up into 5 separate stages with the main, most important levels of necessities at the bottom and the need for self-actualization
Kohlberg’s theory of the stages of moral development has gained some popularity despite being controversial. The claim that the levels form a “ladder,” the bottom being the immature child with a pre-conventional level and the top being a post conventional ethical individual. The sequence is unvarying and the subject must begin at the bottom with aspirations to reach the top, possibly doing so. (7) Research confirms that individuals from different cultures actually progress according to Kohlbergs theory, at least to the conventional level. Kohlberg’s stages of moral development continue to provide a foundation for psychology studies of moral reasoning. (6)
What is moral development? In a nutshell, it’s the progression of morality throughout one’s lifetime by means of different stages. There are six of these stages, developed by Lawrence Kohlberg, that help to explain our moral choices and cognitive skills relative to our approximate age. Furthermore, as Kohlberg suggests, everyone reaches stages one through four: Punishment and Obedience, Instrumental Purpose and Exchange, Interpersonal Expectations and Conformity, and Law and order, respectively. Stage1 is characterized by the threat of punishment and the promise of reward. Stage 2 actions are
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: the nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.