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Critically evaluate Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs
History of photography and photojournalism
History of photography study guide part 2
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Recommended: Critically evaluate Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs
Introduction Kodak, a world renowned photography company created in the late 1880s, had it share of woes (Bolman & Deal, 2008). According to Bolman and Deal (2008), one hundred years after the company’s creation, Kodak was in trouble due to high prices, low customer approval and low employee morale. Chandler, Kodak’s CEO, dramatically destroyed a wooden podium with a large blade to demonstrate that the company needed to fundamentally change its operation (Bolman & Deal, 2008). One of the changes made at Kodak was the restructuring of its black and white film department (Bolman & Deal, 2008). The black and white department created streams or sections to support and serve the department (Bolman & Deal, 2008). According to Bolman and Deal …show more content…
Several basic human resources were may have been in the Kodak’s company leadership; however, build and implement and HR strategy and empower them stood out from the rest (Bolman & Deal, 2008). Bolman and Deal (2008), suggested that many companies deficiency is that they do not have a philosophy that provides direction and guidance. Not until the CEO of Kodak, Chandler, outwardly demonstrated what it would take to prolong the company by “[wielding] a machete, the philosophy was not clear on how to repair the company’s problem (Bolman & Deal, 2008, p. 94). Under Chandler’s leadership, employees created a systematic approach to solve Kodak’s problem (Bolman & Deal, …show more content…
Albeit Kodak’s strategy to empower their employees improved productivity, Kodak’s strategy missed was lacking when it came to Maslow’s basic needs theory (Bolman & Deal, 2008). Bolman and Deal (2008) defined Maslow’s theory for basic needs such as, “basic safety...desire for respect, and a sense of accomplishment “(p. 122). After the success of the company, it was not reported that Kodak continued to hire, keep and invest quality workers to prolong the progress of the company (Bolman & Deal, 2008). Bolman and Deal (2008) reported that by hiring the right people, big name organizations became superior due to having the right staff. However, it is not enough just to hire the right staff, investing and keeping them is also vital to any company’s success (Bolman & Deal, 2008). According to Bolman and Deal (2008), in order to maintain the workforce, organizations need to protect employees’ jobs, promote employees’ within the company and give employees ownership within the company. Investing in employees meets the core basic needs theory which in return attracts better motivated workers to do an excellent work (Bolman & Deal, 2008). Bolman and Deal (2008) implied that this basic needs
George Eastman founded the Eastman Kodak Company in 1888, and pioneered the photography industry with new technology that would help bring photography to the mainstream. After its inception, Kodak created what many called a "monopoly" in the photography industry. Both in 1921 and in 1954 the company had to endure a consent decree imposed by the US Government in which it was concluded that Kodak monopolized the market in violation of the Sherman Act (the first and oldest of all US federal, antitrust laws). Kodak settled the 1921 decree and agreed to be bound by restrictions. The Company was barred from preventing dealers from freely selling goods produced by competitors. On the other hand, the 1954 decree prevented Kodak from selling a bundle that included the color film and the photofinishing, among other restrictions. This tying arrangement of products is an agreement by a party to sell one product on the condition that the buyer also purchases a different (or tied) product, or at least agrees that he will not purchase that product from any other supplier. In this case, Kodak was selling the photo film while conditioning the buyer to also buy the photofinishing product (because it was included in the price). Both decrees had supporting evidence of the high market power that Kodak had at the time, for which both cases were based.
Maslow’s theory is simple, if your basic needs our met you will strive to achieve your next level of need. As you achieve human needs you will desire greater needs until you reach self- actualization or transcendence. Throughout this paper first I will be discussing Maslow’s theory and the different levels of achievement. As well as the changes he made to his theory in the 70’s. I will talk about the grouping for these achievements and where they fit in the hierarchy of needs. Secondly, we will talk about how Maslow’s theory motivates and how we use it in our careers. Lastly, I will bring up how this theory fits into the fire service. I will also show how to use it as a motivational tool as a manager. In my conclusion I will discuss the differences we can make just by fallowing this platform of motivation to create the most motivated firefighters.
How well a business manages its assets and resources predicates its overall success. Companies that spend financial resources foolishly are apt to find themselves in bankruptcy. Companies that work capital equipment resources beyond the machine’s capabilities or for other than intended purposes are apt to experience downtime and/or lose the equipment to failure. The same premise holds true for a company’s human assets. However, unlike other company assets, which depreciate over time, human assets appreciate over time when managed properly. The article, Importance of Human Resource Investment for Organizations and Economy: A critical Analysis, explains the importance of managing human assets as follows:
The type of culture that existed at Eastman Kodak was also transformed significantly. The major change was when part of its business processes was outsourced to other companies because employees had to adapt to whole new environment even though it was not a total change. Employees that had worked for Eastman Kodak for years are the ones that may have been affected most because they probably were used to the hierarchical type of leadership.
In the 1940s Abraham Maslow created his famous theory of needs and set the groundwork for David McClelland who in 1961 launched his book, “The Achieving Society” (Mind Tools, n.d.). McClelland’s Acquired Needs Theory explores the thought that “needs are acquired throughout life…needs are not innate, but are learned or developed as a result of one’s life experiences” (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2007, p.27). In this theory are three types of needs: need for achievement-desire for success, mastering tasks, and attaining goals; need for affiliation-desire for relationships and associations with others; and need for power-desire for responsibility, control, and authority (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2007). Therefore, management, hospitals, and organizations must determine what the needs of their employees are in order to properly motivate
The two bottom levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory are deficiency motivators. If a person’s physiological and safety needs are not met than they will suffer a deficit and this will delay their development. They will not progress on to the next stage. The next three levels of development are growth needs. This refers to an individual’s desire to grow as a person. Supervisors must understand the different Hierarchy levels to understand the motivators and who it relates to employees. On the physiological level the motivation for employees is an
McLeod, s. (n.d.). In SimplePsychology.com (Ed.), Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from Simple Psychology.com Web site: http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
This particular case is centered around the Human Resources strategy that was implemented by Johnson & Johnson in 1997. This strategy includes many key aspects of corporate culture, leadership and global strategy integrated into one single global human resources program. This program allowed Johnson & Johnson to diversify their current employees, raise the standards for future employees, redefine the standards of leadership within J&J and improve global management overall.
As it has been mentioned above, Maslow’s theory was published in 1943. It has its own historical background of manufacturing age, which is quite different from present society. In Maslow’s theory, pay is a fundamental factor in order to satisfy individuals’ physiological and safety needs. Consequently, managers may have the perception that emphasis on salary and bonuses can motivate their employees. Also, managers threaten job security to force employees perform well as safety needs are basic in Maslow’s theory (Chen, 2014). However, it has been proved that these measures are oversimplified. According to Chen (2014), after analyzing 12,000 diary entries, Harvard Business School professor Teresa Amabile and psychologist Steven Kramer pointed out that the most significant motivator for employees at work is “the power of small wins”, which means that employees are highly motivated when they perceive as though they are making headway daily toward an important goal. It can be seen that Amabile and Kramer’s finding contradicted Maslow’s theory. In addition, with the revolutions and innovations of high-technology, the organizations have gradually developed from manufacturing age into information age today. Stum (2001) claims that a sustaining change circle in the organizational life’ nature and the expectations of the labour force result in the
Abraham Maslow did studies of the basic needs of human beings. He put these needs into a hierarchical order. This means that until the need before it has been satisfied, the following need can not be met (Encyclopedia, 2000). For example, if someone is hungry they are not thinking too much about socializing. In the order from lowest to highest the needs are psychological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. The first three are classified as lower order needs and the last two are higher order (Hierarchy, 2000). Without meeting these needs workers are not going to be as productive as they could otherwise. The first three are considered to be essential to all humans at all times. The last two have been argued but are mostly considered to be very important as well.
Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, July 1943. 370-396. Print. 8 Feb. 2014.
If motivation is driven by the existence of unsatisfied needs, then it is worthwhile for a manager to understand which needs are the more important for individual employees. In this regard, Abraham Maslow developed a model in which basic, when a need is mostly satisfied it no longer motivates and the next higher need takes its place.
During his life and in modern days, Maslow’s Hierarchy has been used to enhance leadership in business settings. Many motivational enterprises have taken the Hierarchy of Needs and adapted them to teach leaders how to help their employees achieve a high level of motivation. A company named Ovation Incentives trains that “an employee needs their basic needs such as their salary and work conditions to be fulfilled first before reaching high level needs such as feeling part of something bigger within an organization” (Stead,
Motivation is the reason one behaves or act in a certain way. This behavior can be found animals to humans. It is the basis in which we choose to take action and what course of action we that is. Our actions are goal orientated, but motivation is gives us the persistence of effort towards that goal The underlying driving forces that creates such motivation can be but not limited to biological, social, emotional or cognitive. In most instances, three key elements are linked to motivation. We need a direction to which our efforts are aimed and the intensity and persistence to overcome obstacles to achieve our goal. Psychologist and researchers have expanded the topic to develop different theoretical explanations behind motivation. Most theories fall in five categories which are Instinct, Incentive, Drive, Arousal and the Humanistic Theory. In the text, Essentials of Organizational Behavior, Authors Robbins and Judge focus on four of the early theories. They are the Hierarchy on Needs Theory, Theory X and Theory Y, Two-Factor Theory and McClelland’s Theory of Needs. The Hierarchy on Needs Theory written in 1943 by Abraham Maslow is one of the most popular and enduring influences to modern psychology. Maslow belief is that humans have requirements that are “instinctoid”. The word instinctoid describes an innate instinct seen in many other animals. The way we react to this instinct is what lead Maslow to develop the Hierarchy on Needs Theory.
Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who believed that people have motivation needs of different desires. Individuals have intentions of setting or achieving their own needs. Once one of those needs is met, then they proceed to the next goal. This model of motivation is applicable because Maslow’s covers the hierarchy of human needs. The Hierarchy of Needs by Maslow captures the different levels of human motivation and this will be used to improve the employees’ job performances. Maslow identifies five stages of motivation. These consist of physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization. It is known to be used when the needs of the motivation of people are