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Wwi economic effects
Wwi economic effects
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Prompt 2 – King Sugar
Sugar, Caribbean’s most valuable commodity, sugar was the only thriving commodity and all of Europe wanted in on it. King sugar, ruled and revolutionized the economy in the Caribbean; bringing rise to mercantilism and then capitalism through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Sugar ruled the economy and brought profit; profit that led to competitors wanting land and the triangular trade; the increased production of sugar and African slaves.
Old Europe was a monarchy. Following the order of “Estates of the Realm”; the board social orders of society, people were distinguished as three estate/social classes: the clergy, the nobility, and commoners. This order applied to every social function, every trade, and grouping. With nobility only stating orders and planters had other ideas besides tobacco; the economy was heading to a downfall. In William’s text:
The cultivation of tobacco gave the Caribbean planters their first taste of the capricious world market. The taste was not pleasant. The Council of Virginia protested to the Privy Council in England against tobacco cultivation in the British West Indies...By 1639 the European markets had become so glutted that prices fell alarmingly. Accordingly British and French planters in St. Kitts agreed to cease planting for a year, tried to get the Dutch to collaborate, and turned their attention to cotton and indigo. With the later they were unsuccessful, while the crowded conditions of the islands made cotton cultivation difficult.
This led to the end of monarchy era to mercantilism. The Dutch came to Barbados, sugar was crowned as the crop to grow and the ration of arable to salves went from 17 to 1, to 5 to 4, an economic rising (Williams 112).
Mercantilis...
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...n:
Market economics with a comparatively aggressive, destructive, globally disastrous form of economics that at its inception took undeterred greed as its focus rather than supporting and further expanding the free market development that mercantilism had begun.
Success was what lead to wars and increased enslavement, and they took pride in that. “Great is sugar and it will prevail”, the motto that mercantilists and capitalists followed (Williams 153).
King Sugar controlled the economy in the Caribbean Islands, leaving behind the ruling of rulers in profits, liberation of the people, and soon after the rise of corporations; the new order and revolutionized the economy. Dominating in power and growth in profits for the Kingdom gave rise to to greed, competing for power, increase of slavery and production; all because of the wealth producing commodity that is sugar.
Slave labor is the final factor that drove the sugar trade and made it so successful. Slaves were the manual laborers on the plantations, doing the actual harvesting and boiling because the owner wasn’t there to do so (Document 8). Without the slaves working the farm, everything was pretty much useless. There is also a direct correlation between the number of slaves and the tons of sugar produced. This is shown in Document 9, where the island of Jamaica starts out with 45,000 slaves, and produces 4,782 tons of sugar. When the number of slaves increases by less than half to 74,500, the amount of sugar produced is more than tripled at 15, 972 tons. This clearly exhibits how slaves were essential to sugar
The seventeenth century marked the start of great colonization and immigration to the New World that was North America. Mainly in on the eastern coast of what is now the United States, England established colonies on this new land to thrive socially and economically. The English government readily sent its citizens to America to exploit its abundant source of raw materials and the English people exponentially came to the colonies to start a new life for themselves and to thrive socially. In Virginia during the seventeenth century, the geographical attributes in this region allowed the establishment of the cash crop tobacco to rapidly transform the colony socially and economically. Particularly in the Chesapeake Bay, the goal of social and economical development was achieved.
One facet of this unique system involved the numerous economic differences between England and the colonies. The English government subscribed to the economic theory of mercantilism, which demanded that the individual subordinate his economic activity to the interests of the state (Text, 49). In order to promote mercantilism in all her colonies, Great Britain passed the Navigation Acts in 1651, which controlled the output of British holdings by subsidizing. Under the Navigation Acts, each holding was assigned a product, and the Crown dictated the quantity to be produced. The West Indies, for example, were assigned sugar production and any other colony exporting sugar would face stiff penalties (Text, 50). This was done in order to ensure the economic prosperity of King Charles II, but it also served to restrict economic freedom. The geographical layout of the American colonies made mercantilism impractical there. The cit...
Morgan ably describes how the weed saved the new colony of Virginia and gave rise to servitude and eventually led to racial slavery. The first colonists who planted tobacco exported their crop to England. As this practice became more and more profitable, the crop became the only thing Virginians wanted to plant. Even after the English government tried to control and limit the planting of tobacco to raise the price, wealthy Virginians continued to export the plant. However, these Virginians could not farm tobacco alone. Labor was required.
Scarano, Francisco. "Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico, 1815-1849: An Overview," from Scarano ,Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico: Plantation Economy of Ponce,1800-1850(Madison :U of Wisconsin Press,1984) 3-34.
The good thing about this is that the majority of people in the 1700’s used tobacco. Of course the Puritans also had tobacco, but it was harder to grow up north because of the rocky terrain, and the difference in temperature. The Virginians found that selling tobacco was very profitable, and growing it was relatively simple. It was a fairly easy way to make money, and expended little effort.
This essay is really a legacy of that introduction, as it is this event which foreshadowed the sugar related explosion of trade in slaves. Indeed Henry Hobhouse in `Seeds of Change' goes so far as to say that "Sugar was the first dependance upon which led Europeans to establish tropical mono cultures to satisfy their own addiction. " I wish, then, to show the repurcussions of sugar's introduction into Europe and consequently into the New World, and outline especially that parallel between the suga... ... middle of paper ... ... enterprise and the genesis of the British empire, 1480-1630 (Cambridge,1984) Boxer, C.R):
Tobacco did not just appear in colonial America. The tobacco plant was introduced by John Rolfe to the people of Jamestown (Nobleman 12). John Rolfe also taught the colonists how to farm tobacco (Tunis 77). Though tobacco cultivation seemed to be flourishing, consumers were still getting their tobacco from the Spanish Indies, as the Spanish Indies grew milder tobacco than America (Weeks 1). This motivated John Rolfe to sail to the Spanish Indies and confiscate some of their tobacco seeds ("The Growth of the Tobacco " 2). The tobacco from the Spanish Indies boosted the economic growth of colonial America (2). However, John Rolfe was not the first person to have tobacco in the new world. The Native Americans were the first people to cultivate and smoke tobacco and taught their trade to the Spanish (1). The ...
Sugar was first grown in New Guinea around 9000 years ago, which New guinea traders trade cane stalks to different parts of the world. In the New world christopher columbus introduced cane sugar to caribbean islands. At first sugar was unknown in Europe but was changed when sugar trade first began. Sugar trade was driven by the factors of production land which provided all natural resources labor what provided human resources for work and capital which includes all the factories and the money that’s used to buy land. Consumer demand was why sugar trade continued to increase.
...nd the development of sugar cane in the Caribbean. Their wealth began with rice production and sales to England. Georgia, a colony founded by James Oglethorpe and named in honor of King George II. The land between Atlanta and Savannah rivers was considered to be the headquarters to the “south seas” and served as a border to Spanish Florida. It was settled in 1732 and slavery along with alcohol was banned until 1750.
Tobacco was first discovered in the Americas and became a cash crop. It was imported back to Europe, where it became vastly popular. As many middle class Europeans began smoking, the demand for more tobacco from the Americas increased; colonies were set up to produce tobacco. With the demand for tobacco so high, labor was needed to farm the crop, causing slaves to be imported. There is no exact date to when the discovery of tobacco occurred, but tobacco dates as far back to the Mayans and Aztecs.
Early English settlers in the lower Chesapeake Bay region learned to cultivate tobacco from the Native Americans and it would prove to have profound influence in the development of Chesapeake society and the colonies of Virginia and Maryland as a whole. Between 1627 and 1669, annual tobacco exports climbed from 250,000 pounds to more than 15 million pounds. (p39. The American Journey). The Chesapeake region became the New World’s largest producer of tobacco. Since tobacco was a labour intensive crop to cultivate, the planters sought indentured servants from England as a source of cheap labour. However many servants died in alarming numbers from disease as a result from the supply of indentured servants declined, and larger planters who were wealthy managed to buy slaves. Slave population increased rapidly from 1,708 in 1660 to 189,000 in 1760. (Smith, Billy G., and Nash. Encyclopedia of American History).
Scarano, Franciso. Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico, 1815-1849: An Overview from: Scarano, Sugar and Slavery in Puerto Rico: "The Plantation Economy of Ponce, 1800-1850. (Madison U. of Wisconsin Press, 1984), 3-34.
Probably some of the most pleasurable and enjoyable memories of a person has to do with sweets. When thinking back to birthdays, there is always the memory of the wonderful cake that mother beautifully made and decorated with frosting and glazes. A typical night out with dad can be transformed into a magical evening with a trip to the ice cream parlor. The end of a fantastic Thanksgiving dinner turns heavenly when a hot apple pie is brought to the table and topped with delicious, melting vanilla ice cream. A good wedding is never complete without the cutting of the splendid multi-level wedding cake, when the happy new couple gets to playfully shove and smear cake and white frosting into each other’s smiling faces. Everyone knows that as a child, the only good part about going to the dentist is getting the candy bar at the end of the visit. Why do some people get sick after eating too much suger? Some people do not even know that the abuse of sugar can lead to negative effects on your body. There is something strangely enjoyable and resplendent about the consumption of sugar. Why is it that sugar is so deliciously enjoyable and at the same time a food product that has many negative affects on people’s health?
From the 15th century to the 19th century, Britain was the leading European country in the slave trade market, transporting roughly 3.4 million slaves during this period. Most of the slaves were bought from Western or Central African countries such as Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. The slaves were then taken to newly colonized portions of the Americas, predominantly to islands in the Caribbean. The theological differences and commercial rivalry with Spain was only further aggravated the already contentious relationship when Cromwell began his Western Design campaign against them in 1654. In 1655, during the Anglo-Spanish war, the Cromwell lead military seized Jamaica, one of the major producers of sugar of the time. Through the Western Design, Cromwell sought to “shift the balance of power between the major European colonial powers in the Caribbean ”. This drive for economic and colonial expansion lead to the industrialization of Great Britain, something that would have never been possible if not for the capital growth and economic development vis-à-vis the Atlantic slave trade. In other words the establishment of slavery and the trade that it gave rise to, were the catalyst for an industrial revolution in Great Britain.