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Analysis on king leopolds ghost
Analysis on king leopolds ghost
Essays on king leopold's ghost
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In King Leopold`s Ghost, the author Adam Hochschild conveys many attempts to challenge the actions of King Leopold`s control in the Congo. This was to reach an international audience at the time of the 20th century. Protestors depended on a variety of writing techniques to make their case successful. For example the use of direct letters to officials, published “open letters”, articles in newspapers, and public speeches. These protesters were George Washington Williams, William Sheppard, Edmund Dene Morel, and Roger Casement. These protesters became aware of the situation in the Congo in different ways. They also had diversity in how they protested through their writing. Although Edmund Dene Morel and Roger Casement share a comparative approach. George Washington Williams was a black American. He had come to the Congo over a route that seemed almost as if it took him through several different lives. He was in the U.S. Army, fought battles, attended University`s, and graduated from Newton in 1874. Williams married and became a pastor. He also created a milestone in the literature of human rights and of investigative journalism. This work is titled An Open Letter to His Serne Majesty Leopold 2nd , King of the Belgians and Sovereign of the Independent State of Congo, by Colonel the Honorable Geo.W. Williams, of the Untied States of America(102). As well as submitting a statement to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations urging recognition of the International Association of the Congo. Williams had a plan to go to the Congo to collect material for his book. As Williams traveled up the the great river he had time to take in Africa. When he reached Stanley Falls he could no longer contain what he had felt and saw. He then writes h... ... middle of paper ... ... to the interior as soon as possible, and to send reports soon”(195). Casement was nineteen years old when he first saw the Congo as he was working on a Elder Dempster ship. For two years he had been sending reports to the Foreign Office about the harsh conditions in the Leopold`s Congo. He spent days at Lake Tumba where rubber slavery operations were ran. Counting the number of people held hostage in a village because they did not meet the rubber quota. Casement wrote in his diary daily talking about the horror he had faced during his adventure. Casement found someone he could share his feelings with about the conditions in the Congo. He had read Edmund Morel`s writings and wanted to meet him. The two shared evidence about what they uncovered in the Congo. Together Morel and Casement would form an organization devoted mainly to campaigning for justice in the Congo.
While reading An Account of the Life of Mr. David George from Sierra Leone, Africa, Given by Himself, and Memoirs of the Life of Boston King, a Black Preacher, Written by Himself, nothing appeared to be majorly contrasting between the two documents. Both included an enslaved, and deeply religious, African American man who survived the American Revolution and ended up settling in Sierra Leone for the last bit of his life. However, after reading these two documents for the nth time, a few key differences appeared within the information hidden in the titles of the documents and the diction in which each man recounted his journey.
Adam Hochschild's "King Leopold's Ghost" is a lost historical account starting in the late 19th century continuing into the 20th century of the enslavement of an entire country. The book tells the story of King Leopold and his selfish attempt to essentially make Belgium bigger starting with the Congo. This was all done under an elaborate "philanthropic" public relations curtain deceiving many countries along with the United States (the first to sign on in Leopold's claim of the Congo). There were many characters in the book ones that aided in the enslavement of the Congo and others that help bring light to the situation but the most important ones I thought were: King Leopold, a cold calculating, selfish leader, as a child he was crazy about geography and as an adult wasn't satisfied with his small kingdom of Belgium setting his sites on the Congo to expand. Hochschild compares Leopold to a director in a play he even says how brilliant he is in orchestrating the capture of the Congo. Another important character is King Leopold's, as Hochschild puts it, "Stagehand" Henry Morton Stanley. He was a surprisingly cruel person killing many natives of the Congo in his sophomore voyage through the interior of Africa (The first was to find Livingston). Leopold used Stanley to discuss treaties with African leaders granting Leopold control over the Congo. Some of the natives he talked to weren't even in the position to sign the treaties or they didn't know what they were signing.
Besides small disagreements and slightly confusing organization Walker’s book reserves good reviews. It was an interesting read, however I think it underplayed the role that the Sierra Leone Company had on the Black Loyalist. Walker’s primary resources appear to be extensive. The endnotes he uses come at the end of each chapter and take up a good portion of the book. At the end of the book walker still has a comprehensive bibliography of primary and secondary sources that total 27 pages of references. This book is a great look at the connection between the Americas, Europe, and Africa that can be seen as prelude to studies of the Atlantic world.
Imperialism has been a constant oppressive force upon societies dating back hundreds of years. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, illustrates this oppression by providing an instance of its occurrence in the Congo of Africa, while simultaneously setting the stage for The Poisonwood Bible, which is essentially the continuation of the story. The Poisonwood Bible, by Barbara Kingsolver, demonstrates how the Congo is still affected by modern circumstances and ideology. Conrad’s novella acts as a sort of precursor to the events later depicted in Kingsolver’s novel, and this very connection between the stories illustrates the perpetual oppression of imperialism. This oppression is shown through the characterization of the pivotal characters of each respective text.
It is widely debated why exactly King Leopold decided to conquer the Congo, but the general consensus seems to be that it was out of the belief that “the highlands of the Congo may be as rich in gold as the mountains of the western slope of the American Continent” (Stead). In the mid-1870s, the King hired Henry Stanley, who was familiar with many parts of Africa, to help him go about conquering. During the following years Stanley stayed in Africa, talking various tribes into signing over their lands and rights. After this was completed the King officially took over the Congo, renaming it the Congo Free State. This was especially ironic because all natives of the country were either forced to give up their way of life in exchange for virtual slavery in the ivory trade, agriculture, or the rubber traffic, or die trying to escape fate. Leopold was undeterred by the amount of suffering and death in the Congo, brought on by his rule. Belgian soldiers and officials were known for their cruelty in their methods to make, and then keep, Congo natives wo...
One can easily note the physical and sexual violence brought upon the people (black and white) of Congo after independence, but we must locate the other forms of violence in order to bring the entire story of Patrice Lumumba to light. The director’s attempt at bringing the story of Patrice Lumumba to the “silver screen” had political intentions.
Alas, in 1961 Patrice Lumumba was assassinated by a US- sponsored plot 7 months after independence, and replaced him with a “puppet dictator named Mobutu” (Kingsolver). In her book, Barbara Kingsolver surfaces a forgotten part of our nation’s history in the exploitation of the Congo through her main characters, the Price family, who are missionaries sent to the Kilanga village. Through characters’ narratives that “double as allegories for the uneasy colonial marriage between the West and Africa” (Hamilton, Jones), Kingsolver creates a relatable way for her readers to understand the theme she is trying to convey, which is “‘what did we do to Africa, and how do we feel about it?’” (Snyder). Kingsolver began with this theme and developed the rest of the novel around it, just as she does with her other works, and sticking with her trademark technique, she utilizes her book as a vessel for “political activism, an extension of the anti-Vietnam protests” she participated in college (Snyder).
As Sovereign over the people in the Congo, everyone was forced to do their share labor. In the 80s and 90s the need for rubber for the bicycle and car industry increased, this was the reason for such demand. The Congo had the worlds largest supply of wild rubber which meant a lot of money coming in for Leopold if he kept up with the need for rubber. Each person has to meet a quota of materials to keep up with the demand Leopold set. The Congo became one large...
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, short DR Congo or DRC, is a country situated in Central Africa with a long history of civil unrest. The official language is French, it is supposed to be an ethnically neutral language, due to the many ethnic groups found in the DRCongo. During the Belgian colonization French and Dutch were both official languages but French was more widely spoken. Today about 30% of the population speak French either as their first or second language. The Belgian colonization played an important role in the history of DR Congo. In 1884-1885 at the Berlin West Africa King Leopold II got the rights for the Congo. The many natural resources of the Congo, such as rubber, were a way for the Belgian king to increase his wealth, but it led to brutality against the local population. The rubber brought fame to King Leopold but the Congolese population, still to this day, feel like they do not get recognized enough. The DRCongo suffered a long period of suppression, corruption and poor leadership. Even after they gained independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960, they were still described as unstable. Colonialism, however was not the only longtime cause of the weakening of the country, others were the cold war and the democratic transition of the DRC...
Zins, Henryk S. "Joseph Conrad and the Early British Critics of Colonialism in the Congo." Lubelskie Materiały Neofilologiczne 22.(1998): 155-169. MLA International Bibliography. EBSCO. Sun. 08 May 2011.
My interest in Joseph Conrad is centered around understanding what brought him to the Congo and how the events that transpired there influenced his attitudes in Heart of Darkness. I also wanted to gain a greater understanding of the historical events that led to the colonization of the Congo. This interest is basically grounded in the fact that prior to my exposure to Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart, I knew virtually nothing about what actually led to the colonization of the area. It is my hope that through researching these areas I will have a deeper understanding of the two novels that focused on the Congo.
Conrad, who had himself experienced at first hand the actual practices of colonialism, was aware that the noble exalted intentions and the so-called humanitarian mission to Africa, were merely a façade to extract the bounty of ivory, diamonds and gold available there in a vacant land. The motive to civilize , as Marlow's aunt says, to wean ''those ignorant millions from their horrid ways'' was the excuse to exploit the land for profit in the ''vilest scramble for loot'' the world has known. The difference—the discrepancy between what people believe exists and what, in reality, does exist takes the level of social satire in Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Marlow is like an observer of the ironical situation that appears in his journey from Europe to Africa and back to Europe is an intentional pattern which enables the moral values of European culture to be exposed and satirized. this is embodied when the exponents of white men's values are morally isolated from the confines of their organized society. When Marlow return, his illumination is the criterion whereby European culture is judged and condemned. What Marlow learn about these values in the Congo becomes the measure of the hypocrisy and false idealism of European civilization.
Under the guise of a philanthropist, Leopold tricked the local chiefs into agreeing to treaties which stole their land right from under their feet (Hochschild). The people of the land were either displaced and forced to find new land or enslaved and forced to harvest the overflowing natural resources. In the case of the Congo, the main coveted resource was rubber (Oliver). Leopold and his army worked Congolese men to death harvesting the naturally growing rubber. Starvation, disease, abuse, and terror ran rampant amongst the indigenous people, while birth rates dramatically decreased (Oliver; Hochschild). An estimated 10 million Congolese people were ruthlessly murdered at the hands of Leopold and his army all for the sake of reaping natural resources required to fulfill Western demand ("D.R. Congo Backgrounder"). Over the course of 75 years, Belgium remained in control of the Congo and cruelly exploited it’s
In 2001, Laurent Kabila was murdered, the Congo needed a leader. Some politicians from Laurent Kabila’s circle agreed that
This editorial is referred from the Ashford library and the author’s Candice Lee Goucher, Charles A. Le Guin, and Linda A Walton. Goucher earned her Ph.D. in African History at UCLA and directed the Caribbean Studies Program at Portland State University. Charles Le Guin, Ph.D. 1956, has written from Portland, Oregon. Dr. Le Guin moved West in 1956 and to Portland State University in 1959, where he educated the French Revolution along with countless other topics, ranging from the history of Australia and New Zealand to Canada.