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Media representation on gender
Media representation on gender
Representation of gender issues in Media
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Japanese Animated Film Kimi No Na Wa: Your Name and the Gender Performances
Shingo Takatera
California State University, Northridge How do you avoid conflicting your own gender if your body switches to the opposite sex of yours? The Japanese animated film Kimi No Na Wa: Your Name, directed by Makoto Shinkai in 2016 depicts a body switching story between a male protagonist Taki and female protagonist Mitsuha. In their dream, their bodies switch; hence, Taki and Mitsuha have to behave as an opposite gender of their own because they want to avoid conflicting their sex and gender in order to keep the relationship with others as normal; if they violate the Japanese gender expectation, Taki and Mitsuha will convey the opposite gender. The film
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It seems very difficult to describe characters without generalization or stereotypes in the storytelling because the characters easily appeal so-called masculinity or feminine if they follow the stereotypical behaviors of the gender expectations. For example, if the storyteller wants the character to appeal feminine, the character has to do something feminine. This can happen in the real world as well as fictional. If I failed to appeal masculinity in the real life, I would struggle between my identity as a man and as myself. I will share my personal story. I am living in a student dorm and sharing a room and bathroom with my roommate. I am born and raised in Japan, so I am little bit nervous about living with an American student because his custom is different from mine. I would harm or give misunderstanding due to the culture differences. One day, my roommate asks me whether I am a gay or not. “No”, I said. I asked him why he thinks so, then he responded that “because you use a lady’s shampoo”. Then, I understood why he thought I am a gay. I was not conscious that using Herbal Essence Rose Scent Shampoo can give an impression of feminine which conflicts my sex. From Japanese and my perspective, it is totally normal to use “so-called lady’s shampoo” because my hair smells good after shampooing with Herbal Essence. I asked him that “is using Herbal Essence gay?”, then he replies that “it is so gay”. This is my personal memory with the gender expectation problem in America. Even the prop like shampoo can conflict or give misunderstanding of my identity. My personal preference of shampoo conflicts against the gender expectation. However, I think there never be an only masculine man in
The Kaleidoscope of Gender: Prisms, Patterns, and Possibilities written by Joan Z. Spade and Catherine G. Valentine is a book about the sociology of gender and the construct thereof. The writers use a metaphor of a kaleidoscope to illustrate their interpretations of the topic. A kaleidoscope is a toy consisting of a tube containing mirrors and pieces of colored glass or paper, whose reflections produce changing patterns that are visible through an eyehole when the tube is rotated. Utilizing the similitude of the kaleidoscope, this collection presents gender as a result of always transforming patterns get under way by prisms that underlie change, both straightforward and complex, bringing about an extensive variety of possibilities. The book
In “Gender as a Social Structure: Theory Wrestling with Activism”, the author Barbara Risman explains her theory to readers about how gender should be thought of as a social structure. Thinking of it as such would allow people to examine how gender is ingrained in almost every part of society, thus putting gender on an equal level of importance with economics and politics. In society, gender dictates many of the opportunities and limitations that an individual may face in his or her lifetime. Barbara Risman points out the three aspects of the gender structure that happen at an individual, interactional, and institutional level (Risman, pg. 446). First, gender contributes to how a person will develop themselves in life. This is the “individual level”. At an interactional level, men and women face different expectations that are set by society. The individual and interactional level are linked because sometimes, changes to one level can affect the other. The third level, the institutional level, notes that gender is affected by laws, rules, and organizational practices that dictate what
The clusters of social definitions used to identify persons by gender are collectively known as “femininity” and “masculinity.” Masculine characteristics are used to identify persons as males, while feminine ones are used as signifiers for femaleness. People use femininity or masculinity to claim and communicate their membership in their assigned, or chosen, sex or gender. Others recognize our sex or gender more on the basis of these characteristics than on the basis of sex characteristics, which are usually largely covered by clothing in daily life.
The purpose of this essay is to tell the differences between male and female genders and the stereotypes related to them. My mom use to dress me different than my brothers, we have
Women in China were not people. According to traditional China and Confucian culture women are nothing more than objects. Lu Xun wrote the “New Year’s Sacrifice” to criticize the conventional confusions ideals and the traditional Chinese way of life are not fair or just for women. Lu Xun believed in a new china, a china similar to the one the New Culture Movement was striving to achieve. New Culture Movement wanted to create a place of equality for all.
In today’s society, it can be argued that the choice of being male or female is up to others more than you. A child’s appearance, beliefs and emotions are controlled until they have completely understood what they were “born to be.” In the article Learning to Be Gendered, Penelope Eckert and Sally McConnell- Ginet speaks out on how we are influenced to differentiate ourselves through gender. It starts with our parents, creating our appearances, names and behaviors and distinguishing them into a male or female thing. Eventually, we grow to continue this action on our own by watching our peers. From personal experience, a child cannot freely choose the gender that suits them best unless our society approves.
Throughout today’s society, almost every aspect of someone’s day is based whether or not he or she fits into the “norm” that has been created. Specifically, masculine and feminine norms have a great impact that force people to question “am I a true man or woman?” After doing substantial research on the basis of masculine or feminine norms, it is clear that society focuses on the males being the dominant figures. If males are not fulfilling the masculine role, and females aren’t playing their role, then their gender identity becomes foggy, according to their personal judgment, as well as society’s.
Gender roles are stereotypical labels placed on males and females within a specific culture. In addition, gender stereotypes for males and females are products of cultural aspects rather than their physical differences (Kincaid, 2013). As time inevitably progresses through history, a coherent pattern can be identified in regards to changes in gender stereotypes. These changes in gender roles are directly correlated with the alterations in societal advancement. The changes in societal and cultural development over the course of history can be thoroughly recognized in specifically Japanese culture. Although gender roles in Japanese culture deviates from western norms, perpetual emphasis is placed in adopting desirable characteristics for men and women in media and society (Kincaid, 2013). Contrarily, professional studies, conducted by Yoko Sugihara and Emiko Katsurada, indicate that gender role differences in contemporary society are diminishing as time progresses (Yoko and Katsurada, 2002).
In Nujood’s culture, women are married quite young and the marriages never result in a divorce. Nujood’s judge stated that it was because no little girl had the courage to show up at a courthouse in order for them not to disgrace their family honor (Ali & Minoui, 2010, p. 44). This shows how women in Yemen were afraid to speak up for themselves which results in gender discrimination. Nujood was a central figure in Yemen’s forced marriage and child marriage, and her story brought awareness to others that didn’t know about the issues.
Watzlawik, M. (2009). When a Man Thinks He Has Female Traits Constructing Femininity and Masculinity: Methodological Potentials and Limitations. Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science, 43(2), 126-137. doi: 10.1007/s12124-008-9085-4
Women and gender studies contribute greatly to our understanding of the social and cultural world we inhabit. Studying the complex issues of this field has instituted many key insights. Two major insights that positively affected our society are the awareness through learning and through this awareness activism that can ensue.
Brym, R., & Caron, C. O. (2013). Commit Sociology (Vol. 1, pp. 279-307). Toronto, Canada: Nelson Educated Ltd.
Gender identity has been a delicate issue when it comes to determining if a person's gender is set at birth or develops and changes as a person ages. A person’s gender is not as simple as being classified as either male or female. There’s a considerable amount of external factors that can influence someone’s identity. Although society has a major role in gender identity, sex assignment at birth is not final; furthermore, a person's gender can be influenced by psychological, physiological differences and undergoing changes to the human body. A common misconception many people believe is that gender and gender are the same or go hand in hand with one another.
Everybody is born and made differently, but one thing is similar, our gender. We are born either male or female, and in society everybody judges us for our gender. This is called gender roles; societies expecting you to act like a male or female (Rathus, 2010). Some people say, “act like a lady,” or “be a man,” these are examples of how gender roles work in our everyday lives. In society when we think stereotypes, what do we think? Many think of jocks, nerds, or popular kids; gender stereotyping is very similar. Gender stereotypes are thoughts of what the gender is supposed to behave like (Rathus, 2010). One example of a gender stereotype for a man would be a worker for the family, and a women stereotype would be a stay at home mom. Though in todays age we don’t see this as much, but it is still around us. In different situations both gender roles and stereotypes are said and done on a daily basis and we can’t avoid them because everyone is different.
Masculinity and femininity are two terms, which have been interpreted differently throughout history. Both the males and the females have responsibilities and duties but these duties differ based on one’s gender. Gender has played a prodigious role in the economy, politics, and the society. Everyone starts making interpretations of the strengths and weaknesses based on one’s gender. These interpretations are not always based on his or her ability but is usually based on his or her gender. Males tend to be judged as extremely strong and unfashionable in terms of appearance. Whereas, females are judged as expensive and very fashionable. Males and females both differ in their abilities and their enjoyments. Fashion, entertainment, and strength are three topics, which are used to define masculinity and femininity in the 21st century.