After reviewing question one and recalling our class readings on how and why institutions truly matter since they shape incentives, which shape behavior, which shape policy output and outcomes. I consider local government as the formal and primary institution that influences or constrains policy making in cities. Some of the key political institutions that exist within cities are the city charter, the form of government and the city council members. All of these institutions have both formal and informal rules in which are played or shaped by those participating in the political game.
For example, the city charter is described as a document that awards power to local government and defines the cities institutions, which shape forms of government. For instance, the form of government and its city council members are main factors in which other institutional divisions are created. There are five types of city government forms: the political city, the adapted political city, the fully adapted city, the adapted administrative city and the administrative city. Out of these five the first type
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In the political city type, the people directly elect the mayor. The mayor is also full time and paid and a staff is provided. The mayor does not serve on the council but is the Chief Administrative Officer, (CAO). The council members are also full time and paid and elected by the district. Whereas the administrative city type the mayor is not directly elected but instead is selected by the council. Unlike the political city approach, the mayor is part time, not paid and does not have a staff provided. The mayor serves on the council, which appoints the CAO. The unpaid and part time council is also elected at large or by
The Mayor represents the Executive branch of the government, which enforces the law. The Mayor is the chief executive officer of the city. He executes on behalf of the City all contracts and is the official and ceremonial head of the City. Mayor Alai also serves as Safety Director.
Municipal control or an alternative delivery method? This is the question that has intrigued all levels of local government and created intense debates between taxpayers across municipalities. The services that municipalities provide are often vital to the existence of a local area. The issues of accountability, cost savings, quality of service and democracy often arise when choosing the best options to deliver services to a municipal area. In recent years the concepts of privatization, alternative service delivery and public-private partnerships are often promoted as ways cut down on overburdened annual city budgets and promote a higher quality of service to citizens. Municipalities have historically always provided basic services such as fire protection, water purification/treatment and recreational facilities. However, would private companies or another municipality be able to better deliver the same services more efficiently or at a lower cost? The city or town often provides a political grass roots approach to most local problems. Municipalities are better positioned and have a wider scope to provide services to their constituents in order to ensure quality of service that does not erode accountability and transparency, or drive the municipality deeper into debt.
Here it says that there was a secret selection. Nobody had any control of what their leaders were going to be. The most important people in the community elected themselves because of the power they have.
The coat of arms. The coat of arms of the US represents an eagle with
Local governments employ most of the United States civil servants. The 14 cabinet departments in the U.S. are run day-to-day by career civil servants, who have a great deal of discretionary authority.
After reading two different views on what influences political power in the United States, I have set out to answer 4 questions assigned to me to help define how laws and regulations are laid out, and in most cases, gone around all together. In the text "American Government", the reading was a very fundamental basis of how the federal government was ran according to the constitution and the various philosophies that members of political leadership employ to wield power to influence voters and fellow congressional leaders. On the other hand, "Voices of Dissent" gives a different point of view on how business and the capitalists in fact run this country through campaign contributions and legal loopholes.
According to Rauschenbusch, a polis is characterized by autonomy. In his reference to Aigina, the loss of his fleet, neither the destruction of her walls nor the settlement of her tributes could have implied the loss of her political autonomy (Ober & Weingast, 2017). Therefore, from this, it can be fulfilled that a city-state is termed as autonomous if it is free to exercise its political powers vital for its survival. In this respect, political autonomy meant political
1. In your opinion, which ancient political practice, protective or developmental republicanism, has had the greatest impact on our liberal democratic practice?
In the United States today, a third major political party is needed. The two current major parties are inadequate due to a lack of representation of the people, and recurrent stalemates that occur when a controversial decision has to be made. Adding a third major party would help with the voting decisions, representation of the people, and the government overall.
The “advocacy explosion” in the United States in the 20th century has been caused by the extreme increase in the number of interest groups in the United States. The general public views the increase and the groups themselves as a cancer that has come to the body of American politics and is spreading. The explosion in the number of interest groups and interest group members and finances has had an effect on the decline of the American political party and partisanship, the effect on democracy and the public interest, and the bias that has come with interest group competition.
The IAD framework identifies key variables that researchers should use in evaluating the role of institutions in shaping social interactions and decision-making processes. The analytical focus of the IAD is on an action arena, where social choices and decisions are made. Three broad categories of variables are identified as influencing the action arena. Institutions or rules that govern the action arena, the characteristics of the community or collective unit of interest, and the attributes of the physical environment within which the community acts (Ostrom 1990; Ostrom 2005). Each of these three categories ha...
A government was required to lead the people and aid in organizing a city. City governments were far more powerful than the council of elders and local chiefs of farming villages. At first, Priest probably had the greatest. In time, warrior kings came to power as chief political leaders. They soon set themselves up as the chief hereditary ruler and passed their power from father to son. Governments soon became more complex as rulers issued laws, collected taxes, and organizes systems of defense. To enforce order, rulers relied on royal officials. Over time, government bureaucracies evolved. Almost always rulers claimed their power came from god or divine right. These rulers then gained religious power as well.
The American Political System The American political system is a federal system, which consists of
Under the POAS, the Chief Executive has the right to first nominate candidates that he thinks fit for the fourteen Political Officials posts, to the Central People’s Government who has the power over official appointment. However, unlike the previous system, where the Principal Officials were civil servants hired on permanent and pensionable terms; the Principal Officials under the POAS will be employed on contract, where their contract term will not exceed that of the Chief Executive whom they were nominated
It is well known that the British political system is one of the oldest political systems in the world. Obviously, it was formed within the time. The United Kingdom of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the constitutional monarchy, providing stability, continuity and national focus. The monarch is the head of state, but only Parliament has the right to create and undertake the legislation. The basis of the United Kingdom’s political system is a parliamentary democracy. Therefore, people think the role of the Queen as worthless and mainly unnecessarily demanding for funding, but is it like that?