Kawasaki disease was discovered by a Japanese pediatrician named Tomisaku Kawasaki. This disease is a “multisystem vasculitis that results in localized coronary artery elastin breakdown and aneurysm formation,” (Lau). This simply means it is a condition that causes inflammation of blood vessel walls in the body. Kawasaki disease is also referred to as “mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome,” by Black’s Medical Dictionary, (Marcovitch). It is most prevalent in infants and toddlers, “mainly in children under five,” (Marcovitch). “Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, systemic vasculitis in children, with an etiology that is not completely understood” (Lau). Meaning, the cause of the disease is unknown. Although the disease itself it not contagious, …show more content…
“Intravenous immunoglobulin and aspirin/salicylate are therapeutic agents in current use for the treatment of Kawasaki Disease” (Lau). However, because the disease is so difficult to diagnose, majority of patients do not start treatment in time. About twenty-five percent of patients that do not start treatment develop coronary artery aneurysms, which are often fatal. Due to the development of the coronary artery aneurysms, “both coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous intervention have been used to treat Kawasaki disease,” (Burns).
Some nursing diagnoses for Kawasaki disease include “chronic pain related to,” inflammation of pericardial sac, “risk for decreased cardiac output related to,” damage from cardiac lesions, and “activity intolerance related to,” inflammation and decreased strength of cardiac muscles, (deWit and
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Studies have shown boys having a higher ratio of expected deaths during the acute phase of the disease in a ratio of boys to girls. However, after the acute phase of Kawasaki disease, “both sexes had ratios of observed to expected deaths that were lower than 1, and the difference from the control population was not statistically significant,” (Nakamura). The death rates of female children with this disease are equal to those of healthy female children. “The mortality rate among boys with Kawasaki disease in Japan is twice that among healthy boys of the same age, and most deaths occur within two months of diagnosis,” (Nakumura). The remarkable difference in the mortality rate between the sexes is likely due to the majority of the male children having cardiac
The risk factors that Jessica presented with are a history that is positive for smoking, bronchitis and living in a large urban area with decreased air quality. The symptoms that suggest a pulmonary disorder include a productive cough with discolored sputum, elevated respiratory rate, use of the accessory respiratory muscles during quite breathing, exertional dyspnea, tachycardia and pedal edema. The discolored sputum is indicative of a respiratory infection. The changes in respiratory rate, use of respiratory muscles and exertional dyspnea indicate a pulmonary disorder since there is an increased amount of work required for normal breathing. Tachycardia may arise due to the lack of oxygenated blood available to the tissue stimulating an increase in heart rate. The pedal edema most probably results from decreased systemic blood flow.
The prevalence of commotion cordis aids in the importance of this paper. Recently, the Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation stated commotio cordis is one of the leading causes of sudden death in young athletes, only to be exceeded by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and congential coronary artery abnormalities (Yabek, 2011). Over 250 instances have been reported to the US Commotio Cordis Registry since, there is most likely and underestimation of its true incidence since commotio cordis still continues to go unrecognized in many instances and therefore is underreported (Yabek, 2011).
Environment, dietary and lifestyle factors play a big role in how rheumatic heart disease is spread. Most developing countries have a higher percentage of people how suffer from rheumatic heart disease because the poor state of the environment they inhabit. Dietary factors can play a role only due to insanitary condition in which food is made not due to the amount of food eaten due the fact that RHD is caused by a bacteria. Lifestyle factors contribute to rheumatic heart disease because most people do not tend to or treat minor cuts they might have had. This article will be about the communication between the cardiovascular system and immune systems and how rheumatic heart disease affects the two.
The incidence rate for children between 0 and 19 years old was 5.13 per 100,000. For adults over 20 years of age, the incidence rate was 26.8 per 100,000. The rate was higher in females (22.3 per 100,000) than males (18.8 per 100,000).
On admission, a complete physical assessment was performed along with a blood and metabolic panel. The assessment revealed many positive and negative findings. J.P. was positive for dyspnea and a productive cough. She also was positive for dysuria and hematuria, but negative for flank pain. After close examination of her integumentary and musculoskeletal system, the examiner discovered a shiny firm shin on the right lower extremity with +2 edema complemented by severe pain. A set of baseline vitals were also performed revealing a blood pressure of 124/80, pulse of 87 beats per minute, oxygen saturation of 99%, temperature of 97.3 degrees Fahrenheit, and respiration of 12 breaths per minute. The blood and metabolic panel exposed several abnormal labs. A red blood cell count of 3.99, white blood cell count of 22.5, hemoglobin of 10.9, hematocrit of 33.7%, sodium level of 13, potassium level of 3.1, carbon dioxide level of 10, creatinine level of 3.24, glucose level of 200, and a BUN level of 33 were the abnormal labs.
It is estimated that 1 out of every 5,600-7,700 boys ages 5-24 have Duchene or Becker muscular dystrophy. (“Data & Statistics,” 2012 April 6) Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases defined by muscle fibers that are unusually susceptible to damage. There are several different types of muscular dystrophy some of which shorten the affected person’s lifespan. (“Muscular dystrophy: Types and Causes of each form,” n.d.) There is a long history of the disorder but until recently there wasn’t much knowledge of the cause. (“Muscular Dystrophy: Hope through Research,” 16 April 2014) Symptoms are obvious and can be seen as soon as a child starts walking. (“Muscular Dystrophy,” 2012 January 19) Although muscular dystrophy mostly affects boys, girls can get it too. (“Muscular Dystrophy,” 2012 January 19) There is no cure for muscular dystrophy but there are several types of therapy and most types of muscular dystrophy are still fatal. (“Muscular Dystrophy: Hope through Research,” 16 April 2014)
A., Gewitz, M., Lockhart, P. B., Baddour, L. M., Levison, M., . . . The Council on Scientific Affairs of the American Dental Association has approved the guideline as it relates to dentistry. In addition, this guideline has been endorsed by the American Academy of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases Society of America (2007). Prevention of infective endocarditis: Guidelines from the American Heart Association: A guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group". Circulation, 116(15), 1736-1754.
The theoretical part describes the newest findings of the pathogenesis, overview over the typical clinical picture, most common diagnostic methods, especially OCB investigation, and clasical and modern threatments of the disease.
Congenital heart disease is a defect in one or more structures of the heart or blood vessels that occurs prior to birth. Defects can be severe at birth and require immediate attention, while others are mild that will heal on its own, and some go unnoticed until a person is older. It affects 1 out of every 100 children at birth (WebMD, American Heart Association).
St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Ackley, B.J., Ladwig, G.B., & Flynn Makic, M. (2017). Nursing diagnosis handbook (11th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier University.
Guillain- Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a rare, but very fatal auto- immune disease that specifically focuses on attacking the myelin sheath that surrounds the peripheral nerves in the human body. There are many different severities of this disease, but without treatment it can not only affect the entire nervous system but eventually shut down the rest of the body.
Measles Measles is a highly contagious disease. It is caused by an RNA virus that changes constantly. Measles symptoms usually include a bad cough, sneezing, runny nose, red eyes, sensitivity to light, and a very high fever. Red patches with white grain like centers appear along the gum line in the mouth two to four days after the first symptoms show. These patches are called Koplik spots because Henry Koplick first noticed them in 1896.
Spark Ralph, S. & Taylor, C. M. (2011). Nursing diagnosis reference manual (8th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Meningitis and encephalitis are two similar infections of the central nervous system that often lead to fatality of the host organism. Both diseases occur when pathogens enter the blood stream and gain access into the central nervous system. Stimulating inflammation within the cranial cavity, the pathogens continue to multiply and take harmful effects on the host. Inflammation, the body’s response to infection, ultimately causes all of the symptoms and complications of meningitis and encephalitis. The pathophysiology of meningitis and encephalitis aids in the explanation and understanding of the symptoms, effects, and underlying agendas of the two infections.
The patient has high temperature-sign of fever, a very fast pulse rate (tachycardia), and chest wheezing when listened to using a stethoscope (Harries, Maher, & Graham, 2004, p.