Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Johnson's behavior model
Behavioural theory in nursing
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
I find The Behavioral model similar to the hospice philosophy, in which the focus is on holistic care. Johnson's model is influenced by the biological, psychological and social factors and focuses on the needs that are common to people. Therefore, the importance to maintain and restore the balance in stressful situations can be challenging! The model's subsystems, structural and functional components all integrate enabling the nurse to understand the patient's behavior. As an example, some dying patients will present hostility and resentment toward nurses and doctors. Then, it is obvious to understand that these dying patients are displacing a defense mechanism as a protection for the fears that they cannot express.
James T. Johnson was a young man who had a good job working as a construction worker. Although, he had a job and worked every day he still lived at home with his mother. Furthermore, he was the type of young man who went to work on time and after work he would come home. Unfortunately, there were occasions where he would go out with a few of his co-workers on a Friday he still came home afterwards. Nevertheless, he was hiding a secret from his mother that later led to him being arrested. Now, rather than James uses his money he had earned from working, he burglarized homes and garages in the communities in his area. After burglarizing these homes he would then sell the items he had stolen via the internet or a pawn shop in two different counties.
In this essay, we have been asked to evaluate two psychological perspectives’ in relation to “typical behaviour”. The perspectives I have chosen is the behaviourist and biological approach, to be able analyse these approaches, I have decide to use the case study of the death of the two year old ‘James Bulger’ and with this, the relevant therapy’s used by each perspective.
These four concepts play a very important role throughout the care in every single patient we are in contact with. The concept of person is used to represent each individual patient, such as a man or a woman (Chitty & Black, 2014). In the nursing profession, we know that every person is different in their own way from many different factors such as, genetics and environment. As a nurse, we incorporate the different factors that make a person who they are today. According to Chitty & Black (2014), the concept of environment includes all the influences or factors that impact the individual. The environment plays an important role in either promoting or interfering with the patient’s health. The environment can consist of many different systems, such as family, cultural, social and community systems. All these different systems can play a role in the patient’s health. The third major concept of the metaparadigm is health. The concept of health varies from person to person and day-to-day with many different factors included (Chitty & Black, 2014). Health includes every part that makes a person whole, which includes being able to perform their everyday tasks in life effectively. The last concept of the metaparadigm is nursing. Nursing, being the final concept includes all the previous concepts of person, environment and health to create a holistic approach (Chitty & Black, 2014). The holistic approach promotes the well-being of the mind, body and spirit in our
Every person’s needs must be recognized, respected, and filled if he or she must attain wholeness. The environment must attuned to that wholeness for healing to occur. Healing must be total or holistic if health must be restored or maintained. And a nurse-patient relationship is the very foundation of nursing (Conway et al 2011; Johnson, 2011). The Theory recognizes a person’s needs above all. It sets up the conducive environment to healing. It addresses and works on the restoration and maintenance of total health rather than only specific parts or aspect of the patient’s body or personality. And these are possible only through a positive healing relationship between the patient and the nurse (Conway et al, Johnson).
Johnson’s Behavioral System Model is a model of nursing care that supports the development of efficient and effective behavioral functioning in the patient to prevent illness. The patient is recognized as a behavioral system composed of seven behavioral subsystems including affiliative, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, sexual, aggressive, and achievement. The purposeful requirements for these subsystems include protection from noxious influences, provision for a nurturing environment, and stimulation for growth. When any subsystem is imbalanced, it is the nurse’s role to help the patient return to a state of equilibrium.
In this article, he cites these studies, as well as the experiences of his co-researchers in interactions with nurses. While discussing different modes, he gives examples of when a nurse may have activated that mode. The biocidic mode (life-destroying) involves transference of negative energy, destruction of the joy of life and depersonalizing a person (Halldorsdottir, 1991). It results in a feeling of harm despair, hurt and pain. It is demonstrated by behaviors such as depersonalization of the other, abuse, aggression, dominance hatred, threatening, manipulation, humiliation, and cold-heartedness. Due to their vulnerability, the biocidic mode can be very destructive to the health of patients (Halldorsdottir, 1991). It leads to despair and helplessness. Patients unanimously concur that encounters with uncaring nurses have a long-lasting effect more than encounters with a caring nurse. Patients in hospital settings can be sensitive and therefore easily affected by mistreatment which leads to further distress and decline in their health, slowing down their healing process. A onetime experience of the biocidic mode should however not destroy the perception and reputation of the entire healthcare system. The extent of the uncaring feeling can also increase by the fact that the patient is physical and emotionally sensitive and vulnerable as a result of
Watson’s theory offers an insight of what nursing is and does, beyond task orientation in acute and chronic healthcare environments. Nurses need be mindful of the care they render to patients and consider it as a whole individual, irrespective of their ailment in order make a caring capability, according to the Watson Caring theory. Also, patients require caring events in which the patient and the nurse believes the same mutual understandings to improve the healing manner. Watson's theory motivates nurses to incorporate hope and faith in the care patients by utilizing therapeutic words, fostering, caring gesticulations, and non-verbal communications of provision. Nurses are encourage to form a non-frightening settings that encourages positive and negative feelings and promotes interpersonal relationship that motivates the patient make a therapeutic health decisions. Watson's theory objective for nurses is to offer support with the satisfaction of the patient's health necessities and safeguard the physical, mental, spiritual and socio-cultural well-being of the patients. As nurses utilize this theory, it is not just administering medications and performing procedures, but rendering holistic care such as adding person’s sense of well-being by assisting in attainment of harmony among the mind, body, and spirit, incorporating patients feeling into the care, and utilize every nursing responsibilities require to enhance patients
When a nurse is providing patient care, he/she creates a safe environment for the patient and enables the choice to establish a relationship on a human to human interaction or on a transpersonal level. The patient will be acknowledged as a person with the wholeness of their soul despite their illness or number on the bed. The ten carative factors in this theory are used as an education tool for nurses around the world and should be applied to the different care situations in practice. Nurses use the factors to promote growth in themselves and within the patient. A nurse should respect the patient’s decisions and take the time to fully be present in the moments with the patient. A lot of nurses complain about the time limitations they have and do not provide the necessary amount of time to listen and gather the patient’s perspective of the situation. Another way this theory can be applied to practice is by recognizing the caring moment between you and the patient. This will determine how the relationship will
The concept of person needs to be explored to go into further depth with the remaining concepts of the metaparadigm of nursing. Person refers to the person undergoing nursing care which includes individuals, families, groups, and communities (MacIntyre & McDonald, 2014, p.63). It is evident that each person may be unique with different biological, psychological, social, and spiritual depth (Thorne, 2010, p.66). Therefore, it is necessary for nurses to realize that each person at the centre of any nursing care will experience different feelings in regards to their body as a whole. The theorist, Parse, defines the concept of person as being “linked to an unfolding process, the relating of value priorities, meaning, and quality of life” (Wu, 2008, p.6). Also those human beings are free and choose in situations that arise from personal experience and becoming with the universe (Thorne, 2010, p.71). The nurses’ role in regards to this theory is to act encourage individuals in their human becoming process. Wu (2008) looks at the p...
Various perspectives on behavior have changed the face of psychology over the centuries. Some of the most influential of these theories on behaviorism were made by John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, and Edward C. Tolman. The manner in which behavior is modified has become a growing debate in the aspect of which technique is more reliable and effective. The theories from these three men have become a foundation for many different schools of thought throughout modern psychology. Through their research, many modern psychologists have grown a better knowledge on why people react and behave during certain situations or in different environments. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the various theories of Watson and Skinner to that of Tolman.
In the most fundamental form the theory is put into practice using two general steps, modeling then role-modeling. Modeling can be done by acquiring information about how the patient perceives their health in relation to their life, allowing the nurse to see through the patient’s perspective (Campbell, Finch, Allport, Erickson, & Swain, 1985). Once the nurse is aware of the patient’s level of understanding of illness, acceptance level of illness, stage of dev...
Many persons go into the healthcare ground because they want to work with people. For these nurses, it is the nurse-patient relationship that is one of the most significant things. By understanding the nurse-patient relationship, nurses can be better furnished to work with their patients and, eventually, deliver superior care for them. Hildegard Peplau's model of nursing emphases on that nurse-patient relationship and recognizes the diverse roles nurses take on when working with patients.
Staff behaviors control the performance and capabilities of an organization. Most workers display productive or counterproductive productive behaviors that have effect on workers, clients, and programs. The ability to control these behaviors is a necessary part of delivering exceptional services. Many workers automatically adopt behaviors that fit in with the best interest of the organization. Although these behaviors are common, some employees fail to follow order and create havoc for others around them. Productive behavior allows workers to perform daily functions whereas counterproductive behaviors develop issues that are costly. Good behavior contributes to goals and objectives set by the organization (Britt & Jex, 2008).
King, I. M. (1971). Toward a theory for nursing; general concepts of human behavior. New York: Wiley.
Behaviorism used learning concentrates entirely on observing, measuring, and modifying behavior. Since Watson, Pavlov, and Skinner began this theory teacher can better discipline their students. Using operant conditioning teachers can use positive reinforcement to get all the students to behave during class. There are few drawbacks to this theory, but there are drawbacks to everything in life.