Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Locke’s theory of personal identity
Locke’s theory of personal identity
The nature of identity john locke
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Locke’s theory of personal identity
John Locke stated that the identity of persons was the identity of conscious. What Locke meant by this is even if our body changes our mind doesn’t such as our memory’s. So for example, many people have horror accidents where they lose their arms, fingers or even legs, but either way the memory stays the same therefore they are the same person. Locke focused a lot on memory, he thought that our memory’s made us who we are and if we were to switch brains with someone and our memory were now in their body of another person 's. That the person who held the memory is now the same person they were before they switched bodies. So for example, if I was to break my mother’s favorite vase, then decide I wanted to switch bodies with my brother, but I …show more content…
Locke also thought that the word person was a forensic term, Locke thought that if a person committed a crime but didn’t remember it then they were not responsible for that crime. That they were typically a different person. Locke theory does have some flaws with this I mean Locke states that we become who we are based on our first memory, but as I saw on crash course, no one remembers their birth nor the first few years of our life therefore does that mean we were a different person then? Along with this flaw there is the flaw of Locke says if we lose our memory does that would mean we were no longer the same person so if I hit my head on a rock and forget any memory of the last month does that mean I’m no longer the same person as I was before I hit my head. In conclusion, I believe that if John Locke was asked the question of whether he thought Bill Gates was now Gill Bates or a new person he would say that the person who has awoken in the recovery room is still Bill
a law made by God, called the Law of Reason. This law gives humankind liberty,
John Locke is a philosopher who wrote one of the first responses to the question of personal identity. Locke writes that you cannot say if something is the same or different unless you define what kind of identity you are looking at, he calls this relativity of identity. He then mentions that there are three different criterion for identity: bodily, human being, and personhood. Bodily states that if any matter has changed then it is no longer the same mass, human being states that the identity of a man stays the same as long as it continues the same life and personhood states that if something has a consciousness then it remains the same as longer as it consider itself itself. Now, when his view on identity is applied to Theseus’ ship one can see that he would believe that the ship at the destination would not be the same ship because it is only a body of matter and has no consciousness. One verify this by looking at one of his essays; he is talking about identity concerning animals and he states “there may be a manifest change of the parts; so that truly they are not either of them the same masses of matter, they be truly one of them the same oak and the other the same horse.”2 In this passage it shows that Locke believes the body of the living thing has changed and that they are classified as the same living thing is because of the life they
Review this essay John Locke – Second treatise, of civil government 1. First of all, John Locke reminds the reader from where the right of political power comes from. He expands the idea by saying, “we must consider what estate all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of perfect freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons as they think fit.” Locke believes in equality among all people. Since every creature on earth was created by God, no one has advantages over another.
Locke’s theory states that A is the same as B if and only if B remembers at T2 something done or experienced by A at T1. He often uses the word “consciousness” to help explain his theory, saying that one can remember back to a past conscious state, and can connect it to his current conscious state (Locke 367). I am currently conscious of my introspective experience of last Christmas, therefore I am the same person I was last Christmas, which is correct. Memories are also very personal, so they are exclusive to the person who possesses them. Although two people may share a similar memory, they do not have th...
Locke believed that the government existed to promote public good, and to protect the life, liberty, and property of its people. For this reason, those who governed must be elected by the society, and the society must hold the power to establish a new government when deemed necessary. In his essay, Second Treatise on Government, Locke argues that if society is dissolved, the government will also dissolve. What makes a society (or community) is the agreement of many individuals to act as one body. If this agreement is broken, and the individual decides to separate “as he thinks fit, in some other society” then the community will dissolve. When a government no longer has its society, it too will dissolve. But when a Government dissolves with its society still intact, whether through “foreign force”
John Locke's account of identity was a radical rethinking on the subject of personal identity. Moreover, his conception of personal identity shaped modern thought about the subject by placing the emphasis on a psychological criterion . Locke argued that there is a distinction between the human being, the person, and the soul, and that the identity of the person relies upon the continuation of the same consciousness. In other words, Locke believed that personal identity remains if the same consciousness remained. However, at the time of publication, Locke was heavily criticised by those who argued that his uses of the word 'consciousness' was too ambiguous. Some, such as Thomas Reid, interpreted Locke as equating consciousness with memory, and as a result of the fallible nature of memory, argued that Locke's account of personal identity failed .
Locke says that all ideas come from experience and that that experience can be broken into two categories of perception, sensation and reflection. Sensation is what comes from our senses analyzing external objects. To hold an object and feel if it is hot or cold or if it is soft or spiky, sensations come from the senses interacting with external things. Reflection comes from within. It is the mind reflecting and thinking about its own operation. Locke states that reflection is being conscious of the mind and examining “thinking, doubting, believing, reasoning, knowing, willing and all the different actings of our own minds”. According to Locke every idea is either derived from sensation or reflection. He states “ he has not any idea in his mind but what one of these two have imprinted.” Locke goes on to explain evidence to support this by using children as an example. By simply being alive in the world children are being imprinted with infinite amounts of ideas as they experience things like light and color and tough and smell. If a child never tasted an apple they would not have the idea of what an apple tastes, it would need to come from the sensation or through the senses. Children do not obtain ideas through reflection because it takes more attention and contemplation. Children are too occupied with gaining ideas through external objects and sensation to concentrate on reflection and it only occurs once the child gets older. Besides classifying the process of gaining ideas as sensation and reflection Locke also talks of primary and secondary ideas. Primary ideas come through one sense, while secondary ideas come through multiple senses. This concept is important in Locke’s idea of sense impressions and obtaining
Reliability is a major contribution for an adequate source. As research was being conducted on how John Locke influenced the declaration of independence, two crucial well informed sources were found. “The Political Philosophy of John Locke, and Its Influence on the Founding Fathers and the Political Documents They Created", published by Chuck Braman, contained various information on documentations rewritten from Locke’s perspective. However, it only summarized central arguments presented in “A letter concerning toleration” followed by the arguments presented in the “ Two Treatise on civil government”.
One of Locke’s statements that he discusses is that of an individual’s own person. Example, when an individual takes away something from nature through his/her hard work, it will not be considered as “common property” of all mankind no more, because it would belong ONLY to himself. For instance, If an individual picks up (fruits) under a tree, the so called fruit will automatically belong to him at the moment they were gathered, rather than at the
Locke and Hume both agree that memory is key to define personal identity. Locke believes that memory and consciousness define personal identity. While Hume’s thinks it is the source of personal identity, he does not fully agree with Locke and thinks that memory reveals personal identity, it does not create it. They both agree that there is a change; Locke understands that a person changes and what relates everything to who we are is
In his article, Now That’s Rich, Paul Krugman discusses the state of the wealthy in America. He provides a critical account of the work ethic of the 1 percent, asserting that many of the country’s wealthy do not work in proportion to the money they have. He states, “The goal of [promoting the rise in college graduates] is to soften the picture, to make it seem as if we’re talking about ordinary white-collar professionals who get ahead through education and hard work. But many Americans are well-educated and work hard…Yet they don’t get the big bucks.” This claim illustrates a disparity in the economic system: hard work does not equate financial success. Krugman expands on this by explaining that wealth acquired by this group of people was only achieved because money they inherited. “These days a lot of top money managers’ income comes not from investing other people’s money but from returns on their own accumulated wealth—that is, the reason they make so much is the fact that they’re already very rich.” Krugman demonstrates a cyclical pattern of accumulated wealth, leaving no room for individuals of lower means to reach this status. Moreover, the advantage of the rich leads to a society that is “dominated by wealth,” and increases the gap between the rich and every one else. Krugman ultimately points out the hypocrisy of the rich’s resistance to increased taxes and asks his readers to think critically about how the rich arrived where they are.
If the book remained untouched in perpetuity, then the identity of the book would remain unchanged. But if pages were torn out of the book, Locke’s view would be that it is not the same book anymore – there ceases to be a perfect continued existence of material body (Emerson, 1997:1) Locke viewed the identity of living entities in a different light. Above, change in mass constituted a change in identity. But, in living entities a change in mass does not affect the identity of the object.
Locke believed that the identity of a person could be assigned to the consciousness. He thought that a person would remain the same as long as their consciousness continues to be the same over the course of their life: “Consciousness always accompanies thinking, and makes everyone to be what he calls ‘self’ and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things; in this alone consists personal identity, i.e. the sameness of a rational being; and as far as this consciousness can be extended backwards to any past action or thought, so far reaches the identity of that person” (Essay II.xxvii.9). Locke believes that your body and your personality do not determine your identity. Instead, you can know that a person is the same person as long as their consciousness continues to be the same over the course of their life.
John Locke believes that A is identical with B, if and only if, A remembers the thoughts, feelings, and actions had or done by B from a first-person point of view. This shows that the important feature, memory, is linking a person from the beginning of their life to the end of their life. Locke’s memory theory would look something like this: The self changes over time, so it may seem like personal identity changes too. However, even if you are changing, you are still retaining past memories. Therefore, if you can retain memories, memories are the link between you and an earlier you, so personal identity persists over time. So, memory is the necessary and sufficient condition of personal
It gives me great pleasure to be able to stand here today and award John Locke with the Lifetime Achievement Award! John is an English empiricist philosopher. He believes that all knowledge is resultant from physical experience. Locke also gave his opinion to some of the European Enlightenment movement's foremost concepts. John composed works about the association between society and their government. Afore, John created his utmost significant works, England beheld a meaningful but serene transmission of rule in the Glorious Revolution. Parliament forced King James II to step down from the throne.