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When we think of the word “Protest,” we may think of the events that have happened recently. Egypt, Turkey, Libya and other countries where citizens have come out to the streets protesting their government. Not all protesting approaches are like this. Many, throughout history, have been based around peaceful actions. This approach was used during one of the great line of protests in American history. The Civil Rights movement. Many leaders used peace to promote their cause and promoted the passing of laws such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The many leaders of this movement, Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and others influenced others to join the strive for equality. One of these people that they influenced was John Lewis.
John Robert Lewis was born on February 21, 1940 in Troy, Alabama. The son of a sharecropping family, he resided on the family farm. Subject to the regular Jim Crow mindset of the South, he attend a segregated public school in Pike County, Alabama. Early on, he was influenced by civil rights role models such as Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. His family on the other hand, believed that there was no use trying to change the culture of the South, and advised him to stay out of trouble. He attended Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, and graduated from the American Baptist Theological Seminary which adds stories that he told of preaching to chickens for practice. Preaching to chickens aside, Lewis’ interest in the Civil Rights Movement continued to push him.
During his time at Fisk University, Lewis began to participate in civil rights protests such as sit-ins at segregated restaurants. Then, in 1961, he volunteered to be a part of the Freedom Riders. He often sat in “White only” seats which...
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...rmer, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, Whitney Young, and his childhood hero, Martin Luther King Jr. Starting out with restaurant sit-ins, he continued to build up his reparatur. He joined the Freedom Riders, A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilkins, became chairman of the SNCC, talked at the March on Washington, and is one of the most powerful people in the Democratic party in the House of Representatives. John Lewis has become a legend for the work he did to secure the rights of all Americans.
Works Cited
http://johnlewis.house.gov/john-lewis/biography http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/428561/august-13-2013/john-lewis-pt--1 http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/428562/august-13-2013/john-lewis-pt--2 http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/mar07.html http://www.ibiblio.org/sncc/lewis.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Six_(civil_rights)
The focus of the video documentary "Ain't Scared of your Jails" is on the courage displayed by thousands of African-American people who joined the ranks of the civil rights movement and gave it new direction. In 1960, lunch counter sit-ins spread across the south. In 1961, Freedom Rides were running throughout the southern states. These rides consisted of African Americans switching places with white Americans on public transportation buses. The whites sat in the back and black people sat in the front of the public buses. Many freedom riders faced violence and defied death threats as they strived to stop segregation by participating in these rides. In interstate bus travel under the Mason-Dixon Line, the growing movement toward racial equality influenced the 1960 presidential campaign. Federal rights verses state rights became an issue.
This documentary is based on Raymond Arsenault’s book “Freedom Riders: 1961 and the Struggle for Racial Justice”. It was a radical idea organized by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) that alarmed not only those who challenged the civil rights but also deliberately defied Jim Crows Law that were enacted between 1876 and 1965, by challenging the status quo by riding the interstate buses in the South in mixed racial groups. This law segregated public services like public transportation, public places, public schools, restrooms, restaurants, and even drinking fountains for black and whites. Though these activists were faced by various bitter racism, mob violence and imprisonment, they were successful in desegregating the buses and bus facilities in the Deep South in September 22, 1961. They strove for nonviolent protest for justice and freedom of African Americans freedom.
John Lewis is an African American man born on February 21st, 1940, into a sharecropping family in Pike County, Alabama (Moye, 2004). He grew up on his family's farm, and attended segregated public schools as a child. Even when he was just a young boy, Lewis was always inspired by the happenings of the Civil Rights Movement. Events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott or hearing the wise words of Martin Luther King Junior over the radio stimulated his desire to become a part of a worthwhile cause, and was a supporter of the Civil Rights Movement ever since ("Biography," para. 3). Lewis went to school at both the American Baptist Theological Seminary and Fisk University, both in Nashville, Tennessee. He graduated from the American Baptist Theological Seminary, and received a Bachelors degree in religion and philosophy from Fisk University. While at Fisk, he learned the philosophy of how to be nonviolent, and would soon incorporate that into his civil rights work ("John Lewis Biography," para. 3). While he was a student at Fisk University, Lewis began putting together sit-ins at local lunch counters to protest segregation. Many...
The NAACP used peaceful protest methods such as marches, public speeches, and boycotts to achieve aspirations. This was also done by Martin Luther k...
Peaceful protests were the most prominent form of civil rights activities during the sixties, and often proved successful, given time. “Peaceful but relentless protest was more effective than violent action” (Lindop 30), the legendary civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. argued. One form of this protest manifested itself through James Farmer, who formed the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE for short), conceived the bril...
John Lewis was born on February 21, 1940 in Troy, Alabama to Willie Mae and Eddie Lewis. Lewis was raised on his family’s farm and he also attended public school in Pike County, Alabama. The schools that Lewis attended were segregated. During his time spent in public school, a major event took place. On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to give up her seat to a white man. This started the 13 month Montgomery Bus Boycott. This movement resulted in a very significant victory for the Civil Rights Movement. Growing up, Lewis was inspired by and admired Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. It was in these important years, that John Lewis made the
In 1961, a brave group called the Freedom Riders traveled through the states of Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama to reach the destination of New Orleans, Louisiana (“The Freedom Rides”). The reason this group was sent out on this task was to prove to the Kennedy Administration that separating black and whites within bus terminals was unlawful (“The Freedom Rides”). The Jim Crow Laws were the laws that challenged them the most (“2011 Pietricola Websites’”). These laws set rules where the African Americans could sit while traveling on buses, in movie theatres, restaurants, hotels, and public schools (“2011 Pietricola Websites’”). The Freedom Riders were made up of seven African American individuals and six white individuals (Hynson 18,19). This was to have people notice that both black and white people disagree with the laws of segregation in the South (“2011 Pietricola Websites’”). Seventy five percent were between the ages 18 and 30 years old (Holmes). The majority of the group was college students (Holmes). Volunteers from 40 states got training in non-violence tactics (Holmes). Those who couldn’t handle the pushing, spitting, and hitting were rejected from the rides (Holmes). Congress of Racial Equality, also known as C.O.R.E., was the org...
John Lewis led a happy childhood since his birth in 1940. He was a hardworking African American boy who would help his sharecropper parents in the fields. Although happy, he constantly questioned segregation as well as the Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka ruling for not affecting his education rights. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was his inspiration. His sermons and his stand of the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955 was enough to encourage Lewis to make changes in the world. In 1957, Lewis left his Alabama home in exchange to American Baptist Theological Seminary in Tennessee to further educate himself to organize non violent protests such as sitting at segregated restaurant counters. Then, without telling his parents, he joined the Freedom Rides.
In the 1960’s the civil rights movement reached its highest potential. The civil rights movement demanded equality for those of color. It was a series of protests and movements. It was a tough time for those who were of color. In the March Trilogy written by John Lewis, Andrew Aydin, and illustrated by Nate Powell, it uncovers an abundance of history during the civil rights movement era. The March Trilogy is about John Lewis’ life between 1940’s when he was a kid through 2009, Barrack Obama’s inauguration. The book covers racism, brutality, protests, and unequal rights towards people of color. The March Trilogy credits many important people and events in Lewis’ life. While John Lewis encountered many important people in his life, the most
Whenever people discuss race relations today and the effect of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, they remember the work of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. He was and continues to be one of the most i...
“As soon as he heard for riders Robert Singleton remembers, fired up and ready to go” 9Smithsonian). “He and his wife, Helen, had both been active in the National Associated for the Advancement of Colored People and they took 12 volunteers with them from California” (Smithsonian). Peter Ackerberg, a lawyer who now lives in Minneapolis, said that while he’d always talked a big radical game, he also had never acted on his convictions” (Smithsonian). Peter Ackerberg also said, “The black guys and girls were singing… They were so spirited and so unafraid. They were really prepared to risk their lives” (Smithsonian). “John Lewis then was 21 and already a veteran of sit-ins to desegregate lunch counters in Nashville, was the first Freedom Rider to be assaulted”
One evening in December 1773 was the first documented protest within the colonies, later would evolve in the United States (US) known as the Boston Tea party. From the beginning of the U.S conception, protesting is indoctrinated in our history, speaking out against government and unfair labor practices. As our history goes when the cries of the people are not heard, we protest. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the United States Congress from enacting legislation that would abridge the right of the people to assemble peaceably. (1) Citizens’ from the young to the old, know these words, regardless what part of the country you are from. However, the operative word is ‘peaceful’. The reason for using the word peaceful, is a reflection on the less than peaceful protest of the “Boston Tea Party”. Justified by extremist
Protesting began with direct action- public marches were conducted by anti-war participants, picketing, sit-ins, rallies, petition drives, and teach-ins at colleges—to win converts to their causes and change public policies at the local, state, and federal levels. Protesters ranged from mostly students, prominent artists, intellectuals, members of the hippie movement, and a growing number of young people who rejected authority and embraced the drug culture. They sacrificed their time, energy, and passion with views of making a better, more just society for the
The first amendment guarantees Americans the right to petition the Government for a redress of grievances and the right to peaceably assemble. Any peaceful petition or resistance to laws positively impacts a free society. The United States is a free nation in which people are guaranteed the right to express their own opinions. Peaceful protests are a way in which Americans can resist laws in which they don’t support or believe to be fair. Anyone participating in civil disobedience understands they may be breaking the law, but they accept the punishment they may face for their actions, rather than fighting it.
From boycotts to pamphlets, speeches to marches and tea parties to sit-ins: there are multitudes of examples of non-violent protests that have led to positive changes in our country. Some of these have even set precedents for other countries to strive for. Some, unfortunately, turned violent and as Jefferson warned us unsuccessful rebellions usually results is a loss of rights for those who protested. I found it interesting that Jefferson said essentially that a little revolution is worth it however: “If the happiness of the mass of the people can be secured at the expense of a little tempest now and then, or even of a little blood, it will be a precious purchase” (3). While events like Shays Rebellion and John Brown’s raid, ended in bloodshed, and alerted our country, I personally believe more in the value of peaceful protest like in the influential writings of Thomas Paine or in Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s