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Jim crow laws and their affect
Freedom ride civil rights movement
Effects of the civil rights movement
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Recommended: Jim crow laws and their affect
The patriotic Freedom Riders risked their lives to change the law of segregation by driving for equality and changing America forever. The Kennedy Administration supported segregation within bus terminals. This was the cause for a nationwide journey through several states to express disagreement to this law. On this journey they experienced troubles of many kinds. However, these troubles did not stop the determination of the riders, which inspired others (Montagane).
In 1961, a brave group called the Freedom Riders traveled through the states of Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama to reach the destination of New Orleans, Louisiana (“The Freedom Rides”). The reason this group was sent out on this task was to prove to the Kennedy Administration that separating black and whites within bus terminals was unlawful (“The Freedom Rides”). The Jim Crow Laws were the laws that challenged them the most (“2011 Pietricola Websites’”). These laws set rules where the African Americans could sit while traveling on buses, in movie theatres, restaurants, hotels, and public schools (“2011 Pietricola Websites’”). The Freedom Riders were made up of seven African American individuals and six white individuals (Hynson 18,19). This was to have people notice that both black and white people disagree with the laws of segregation in the South (“2011 Pietricola Websites’”). Seventy five percent were between the ages 18 and 30 years old (Holmes). The majority of the group was college students (Holmes). Volunteers from 40 states got training in non-violence tactics (Holmes). Those who couldn’t handle the pushing, spitting, and hitting were rejected from the rides (Holmes). Congress of Racial Equality, also known as C.O.R.E., was the org...
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.... The Interstate Commerce Commission decided to set rules for the integration of the interstate bus terminals (“The Freedom Rides”). White and colored signs were taken down immediately (Holmes). Their hard work and dedication finally paid off. Now, they have a memorial for the group in the middle of University of Mary Washington’s Fredericksberg, Virginia campus (Montagane). They will always be remembered.
The Freedom Riders put their heart and soul to integrate bus terminals in America and that shows they are true patriots. The individuals amazed me because they put themselves in harm’s way to change the injustices of segregation. They were bombed, beaten, arrested, and just brutalized! They would have to have a lot of faith and courage to be in the rides. Riding on that bus and knowing something bad might happen to you is scary. I don’t know how they did it.
Violence, segregation and poverty were creating an unjust world in America that no one was recognizing. In 1968, the Kerner report was a shock to not only the president, Lyndon B. Johnson, but also to the nation. America was shown the harsh realities of racism, poverty and injustice in the United States through the Kerner Commission’s report. The documentary touched on in this paper is a discussion of the Kerner Commission Report, 40 years later with Bill Moyers and former Oklahoma Senator, Fred Harris, who was on the commission. The other article talked about in this paper is the report’s summary titled “Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders.” The Kerner Commission is an 11 member commission established by President
Stanley Nelson chronicles the journey of a group of individuals, known as the Freedom Riders, whom fought for the rights of African Americans to have the same amenities and access as the Caucasians. The purpose of the Freedom Rides was to deliberately violate the Jim Crow laws of the south that prohibited blacks and whites from mixing together on buses and trains. Expectedly, many of the Freedom Riders were beaten and the majority was imprisoned. This carried on for the majority of 1961 and culminated with the Interstate Commerce Commission issuing an order to end the segregation in bus and rail stations. Nelson encapsulates this entire movement in about two hours. At the end of the two hours, the viewer is emotionally tied to the riders. For the sake of this analysis, I will focus on a portion towards the end of the film that gives us a sense of what kind of emotions victory evoked from those vested in the Freedom Rides. Nelson’s pairing of music and song coupled with a mixture of pictures and footage provides great emphasis to the subject matter while emotionally connecting the viewer.
The focus of the video documentary "Ain't Scared of your Jails" is on the courage displayed by thousands of African-American people who joined the ranks of the civil rights movement and gave it new direction. In 1960, lunch counter sit-ins spread across the south. In 1961, Freedom Rides were running throughout the southern states. These rides consisted of African Americans switching places with white Americans on public transportation buses. The whites sat in the back and black people sat in the front of the public buses. Many freedom riders faced violence and defied death threats as they strived to stop segregation by participating in these rides. In interstate bus travel under the Mason-Dixon Line, the growing movement toward racial equality influenced the 1960 presidential campaign. Federal rights verses state rights became an issue.
This documentary, “The Freedom Riders” shows the story of courageous civil rights activists called ‘Freedom Riders’ in 1961 who confronted institutionalized and culturally-accepted segregation in the American South by travelling around the Deep South on buses and trains.
For 75 years following reconstruction the United States made little advancement towards racial equality. Many parts of the nation enacted Jim Crowe laws making separation of the races not just a matter of practice but a matter of law. The laws were implemented with the explicit purpose of keeping black American’s from being able to enjoy the rights and freedoms their white counterparts took for granted. Despite the efforts of so many nameless forgotten heroes, the fate of African Americans seemed to be in the hands of a racist society bent on keeping them down; however that all began to change following World War II. Thousands of African American men returned from Europe with a renewed purpose and determined to break the proverbial chains segregation had keep them in since the end of the American Civil War. With a piece of Civil Rights legislation in 1957, the federal government took its first step towards breaking the bonds that had held too many citizens down for far too long. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was a watered down version of the law initially proposed but what has been perceived as a small step towards correcting the mistakes of the past was actually a giant leap forward for a nation still stuck in the muck of racial division. What some historians have dismissed as an insignificant and weak act was perhaps the most important law passed during the nation’s civil rights movement, because it was the first and that cannot be underestimated.
Overall, there is no doubt that the Freedom Riders had the courage to fight a battle they believed in. They gave many others hope for African American rights in the future. Not only this, but as well as the bravery to take on small tasks themselves, like when Aibaleen helped Skeeter write The Help. These brave acts of the Riders were well worth all of their sacrifices, challenging times, and rough encounters.
Gross, Terry. "Get On the Bus: The Freedom Riders of 1961." NPR. NPR, n.d. Web. 10 Dec. 2013.
Foner, Eric and John A. Garraty. "Freedom Rides." The Reader's Companion to American History. 1 Dec. 1991: n.p. SIRS Issues Researcher. Web. 19 May. 2014. .
Holmes, Marian Smith. "The Freedom Riders, Then and Now | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine." History, Travel, Arts, Science, People, Places | Smithsonian Magazine. Web. 05 Jan. 2012. .
On May 13 SNCC held their first official meeting. The attracted lots of support even with their lack of funds. Jane Stembridge was recruited by Baker to become the administrative secretary of SNCC and any other student volunteers to get this movement on its feet. After conquer for the most part the lunch counters, SNCC moved to travel on bus. They fought ideal that if someone was traveling on a bus they should be able to eat at the lunch counters also. Even with mass violence to all riders the freedom riders continued. The freedom rides did not only open transportation facilities, but it told all blacks that if they came together things could be changed.
Success was a big part of the Civil Rights Movement. Starting with the year 1954, there were some major victories in favor of African Americans. In 1954, the landmark trial Brown vs. The Board of Education of Topeka Kansas ruled that segregation in public education was unfair. This unanimous Supreme Court decision overturned the prior Plessy vs. Ferguson case during which the “separate but equal” doctrine was created and abused. One year later, Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. launched a bus boycott in Montgomery Alabama after Ms. Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat in the “colored section”. This boycott, which lasted more than a year, led to the desegregation of buses in 1956. Group efforts greatly contributed to the success of the movement. This is not only shown by the successful nature of the bus boycott, but it is shown through the success of Martin Luther King’s SCLC or Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The conference was notable for peacefully protesting, nonviolence, and civil disobedience. Thanks to the SCLC, sit-ins and boycotts became popular during this time, adding to the movement’s accomplishments. The effective nature of the sit-in was shown during 1960 when a group of four black college students sat down at a Woolworth’s lunch counter in hopes of being served. While they were not served the first time they commenced their sit-in, they were not forced to leave the establishment; their lack of response to the heckling...
Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was commonly practiced in many of the Southern and Border States. This segregation while supposed to be separate but equal, was hardly that. Blacks in the South were discriminated against repeatedly while laws did nothing to protect their individual rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ridded the nation of this legal segregation and cleared a path towards equality and integration. The passage of this Act, while forever altering the relationship between blacks and whites, remains as one of history’s greatest political battles.
One hundred years after the Emancipation Proclamation was written, African Americans were still fighting for equal rights in every day life. The first real success of this movement did not come until the Brown vs. Board of Education decision in 1954 which was followed by many boycotts and protests. The largest of these protests, the March on Washington, was held on August 28, 1963 “for jobs and freedom” (March on Washington 11). An incredible amount of preparation went into the event to accommodate the hundreds of thousands of people attending from around the nation and to deal with any potential incidents.
In New York during the 1940’s a non-violent act of civil disobedience occurred among blacks to protest segregation laws. Blacks were not allowed to live in white neighborhoods, had to ride in the back of buses, lived in poverty with poor schools, and were frequently beaten by police.
The United States rests upon a foundation of freedom, where its citizens can enjoy many civil liberties as the result of decades of colonial struggles. However, African Americans did not achieve freedom concurrently with whites, revealing a contradiction within the “nation of liberty”. It has been stated that "For whites, freedom, no matter how defined, was a given, a birthright to be defended. For African Americans, it was an open-ended process, a transformation of every aspect of their lives and of the society and culture that had sustained slavery in the first place." African Americans gained freedom through the changing economic nature of slavery and historical events like the Haitian Revolution policies, whereas whites received freedom