John Adams, who became the second president of the
United States, has been accused by some historians of being the closest thing America ever had to a dictator or monarch
(Onuf, 1993). Such strong accusations should be examined in the context of the era in which Mr. Adams lived and served. A closer examination of the historical events occurring during his vice presidency and his term as president, strongly suggests that Adams was not, in fact, a dictator. Indeed, except for his lack of charisma and political charm, Adams had a very successful political career before joining the new national government. He was, moreover, highly sought after as a public servant during the early formation of the new federal power (Ferling, 1992). Adams was a well educated, seasoned patriot, and experienced diplomat. He was the runner-up in the election in which
George Washington was selected the first United States
President. According to the electoral-college system of that time, the second candidate with the most electoral votes became the Vice President (Smelser & Gundersen, 1975).
As president, Washington appointed, among others, two influential political leaders to his original cabinet; Thomas
Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Jefferson, a veteran politician became the Secretary of State and Hamiliton, a young, outspoken New Yorker lawyer, became the
Secretary of the Treasury (Ferling, 1992). Jefferson, like
Adams, had also signed the Declaration of Independence.
Hamilton, however, was the only cabinet member relatively unknown to Adams (Ferling, 1992). It was Hamilton, nonetheless, who excelled during this new administration by initiating numerous, innovative, and often controversial programs, many of which were quite successful. Adams and
Hamilton were both Federalists. Unlike Hamiliton, Adams was more moderate (Smelser & Gundersen, 1975). During this first administration, Adams and Hamilton quarreled
(Washington Retires, 1995), and Adams contemptuously began referring to Hamilton as “his puppyhood” (DeCarolis,
1995). This created a rift in the administration, for
Washington generally favored Hamiliton (Smelser &
Gundersen, 1975), and disregarded Adams (Ferling, 1992).
Hamilton also went to great lengths to drive Jefferson out of the cabinet (Allison, 1966). Jefferson did finally, indeed, resign from the cabinet. The Federalists “party,” of which
Hamiliton w...
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...larity in the latter part of his term. It should also be pointed out that though the Sedition Act was anti-democratic in practice,
Thomas Jefferson, who defeated Adams, used it against the
Federalists in 1803 (People v. Croswell) and indicted a publisher (DeCarolis, 1995). Jefferson was not accused of being a dictator for such non-democratic actions. Adams was neither dictatorial in his conduct, or imperial in his policies. He appeared to have had the interest of the common people at heart. The conflict with France, the high taxes needed to keep the army and navy operating, and the poor legislative faux pas Congress made during period time, all cast a negative reflection on President Adams. This provided his opponents, like Hamilton, Burr, and even
Jefferson, with political leverage to use against him, just as politicians and political parties do in our own modern era. If
Adams were a dictator, then one must ask would the citizens elect his son to be the future president, twenty-four years later? Or, how his grandson, Charles Francis Adams, became America’s minister to London. Apparently the citizenry remembered President Adams in a positive, democratic way, and not as a dictator.
Adams recognized that the security of the nation was at risk and he made peace with the French to end the Quazi War. He knew this was going to ruin his chances of a second term but he put the soundness of the nation over his own. John Adams focus on the stability of his nation made him unpopular at times but he knew what was best for nation and did
In the book Founding Brothers by Joseph Ellis, the author relates the stories of six crucial historic events that manage to capture the flavor and fervor of the revolutionary generation and its great leaders. While each chapter or story can be read separately and completely understood, they do relate to a broader common theme. One of Ellis' main purposes in writing the book was to illustrate the early stages and tribulations of the American government and its system through his use of well blended stories. The idea that a republican government of this nature was completely unprecedented is emphasized through out the book. Ellis discusses the unique problems that the revolutionary generation experienced as a result of governing under the new concept of a democracy. These problems included- the interpretation of constitutional powers, the regulation of governmental power through checks and balances, the first presidential elections, the surprising emergence of political parties, states rights vs. federal authority, and the issue of slavery in a otherwise free society. Ellis dives even deeper into the subject by exposing the readers to true insight of the major players of the founding generation. The book attempts to capture the ideals of the early revolutionary generation leaders and their conflicting political viewpoints. The personalities of Hamilton, Burr, Adams, Washington, Madison, and Jefferson are presented in great detail. Ellis exposes the reality of the internal and partisan conflict endured by each of these figures in relation to each other. Ellis emphasizes that despite these difficult hurdles, the young American nation survived its early stages because of its great collection of charismatic leaders and their ability to ...
With Washington out of running the nation, there was no "obstacle that remained to an open expression of the partisan rivalries that had been building over previous 8 years. Jefferson was untested candidate of the republicans which led to select Hamilton but he had created too many enemies to be a credible candidate so the vice president of George Washington, John Adams had been directly associated" (Brinkley, 176). The problem that Adams have faced through his presidency was that he himself was not a dominant figure in his own party because "Hamilton remained the most influential Federalist and Adams was never been able to challenge him effectively" (Brinkley, 177). Adams had only few skill as a politician. "Austere, rigid, aloof he had little talent at conciliating differences, soliciting support, or inspiring enthusiasm. He was a man of enormous, indeed intimidating, rectitude and he seemed to assume that his own virtue and the correctness of his position would alone be enough to sustain him" (Brinkley, 177). Around in 1800s bitter controversies shaped presidential candidates which was Jefferson and Adams. They were again the opposing candidates but it was very different than they had last time. Both themselves displayed reasonable dignity, but their supporters showed no restraint. "The Federalist accused Jefferson of being dangerous radical and
In the Revolutionary period, John Adams was a leader who was one of the founding fathers and advocate for the independence of America. He was a member of the Continental Congress. During the Revolutionary war, Adams served in France and Holland as a diplomatic role. After George Washington was elected as the President, he was put under Washington as the first Vice President. After Washington’s presidency, Adams, who was apart of the Federalists, got elected as President on March 4th, 1797 with Thomas Jefferson, his friend and rival as Vice President. John Adams was well known for his aloofness, and demonstrated passionate patriotism for America, he was also an independent man who did not care for the opinion of the public; except his wife
The main plot of the film focuses on the relationship between John Smith, Pocahontas and John Rolfe. The film was a romantic film and had a lot of romantic scenes that were probably not portrayed in actual historical events. For example, the two main characters in the film were of course John Smith and Pocahontas, and there were many scenes in the movie that implied their romantic relationship. Scenes, such as when the two are connecting with one another, spending time together and learning about each other mostly through touch and sign language, after Pocahontas had saved John Smith from execution. In these few scenes each character narrates and discusses their idea on love and expressing their feelings on one another. Although, entertaining, John Smith and Pocahontas weren’t actually romantically involved with each other as the film portrays in these few scenes. It is uncertain what the relationship John Smith and Pocahontas actually had. Most likely, it was a beneficial relationship between the two, since there was a lot of trading between the Native American tribes and the colonists. (Read, 2005)
In the movie The New World, British explores land in Virginia in 1607. Captain John Smith is captured by natives of the land but his life is spared thanks to the tribe’s chief’s daughter, Pocahontas. Later on in the video Pocahontas falls madly in love with John Smith. To Pocahontas’s dismay John Smith was sent back to England to recover from a burn after a gunpowder explosion and also to face accusations of misconduct. Later in life Pocahontas meets John Rolfe and marries him along with have his child. John Rolfe brings Pocahontas back to England with him so she may meet the royalties. Once they arrive Pocahontas come to a cruel reality that John Smith is actually alive. This caused a complication between which man she wanted to be in her and her son’s life. While reading this essay you will learn about Pocahontas’s early life as a child, her life while married to John Rolfe, and her voyage to England.
Golding uses many symbols in the novel, Lord of the Flies, to represent good and evil in society. He uses Simon to represent the peacefulness of life and the kindness of a good heart, while Piggy represents the civilization on the island and the adult viewpoint of the children. The conch symbolizes order and also adult behavior. It is a symbol of strength and knowledge as well, as the evil of the beast represents the fear in the boys. All of these symbols change as the story goes on, some changes are less obvious and are the result of the readers new perspective while others undergo dramatic, and quite obvious, change.
Early life Adam Smith was born to Margaret Douglas in Kirkcaldy, Scotland. His father, also named Adam Smith, was a lawyer, civil servant, and widower who married Margaret Douglas in 1720. His father died six months before Smith's birth. The exact date of Smith's birth is unknown; however, his baptism was recorded on 16 June 1723 at Kirkcaldy. Though few events in Smith's early childhood are known, Scottish journalist and biographer of Smith John Rae recorded that Smith was abducted by gypsies at the age of four and eventually released when others went to rescue him.
The timeline altered in the first verse of Dan. 7 serves as the opening to the four visions of in the remainder of Daniel. Belshazzar is cited in the first verse of chapter seven (7) as the King of Babylon, however Belshazzar is noted as the last King of Babylon and the son of Nebuchadnezzar in chapter five. The last king of the Babylonian Empire was Nabonidus. It is believed that Nabonidus for inexplicable reasons moved to the town of Teima and abrogated the empire to his son Belshazzar. Therefore, Seow points at that the “literary setting of Daniel 7 is the beginning of the end of the Babylonian Empire” (Seow, p. 101). The literary chronology of the period set is correct, but it is generally agreed among scholars (Collins, Hartman, Di Lella) there is no historical value in the dating. It is for this reason that most commentators immediately go into verse two of 7. Nevertheless, Daniel states, “Then ...
The Book of Daniel is the account of the activities and visions of Daniel, which elaborates through journeys and lesson on him. The Book of Daniel is found in the Ketuvim section of the Tanakh (Matthews). The word Daniel means “God is my Judge”. The genre of the book of Daniel is a Narrative History (Cohn). In both the Hebrew and Greek canons the book is titled after its main character, Daniel. The book is made up of six court tales and four apocalyptic visions set in the time of the Babylonian captivity (Bergan). The Babylonian captivity was a time when Jews were captives in Babylon (Wallace). Daniel connects the Old and New Testaments through Daniel. God revealed the exact date month and year of Messiah death and events leading to his return. Daniel demonstrates God’s complete control and comprehension over time and nations by giving detailed prophecies about the succession of kingdoms and rulers. Daniel tells the ahead of eventual establishment of Messiah’s kingdom, which will overthrow the kingdoms of this world (Wallace). For the reason, Daniel is often the most attacked book in the Bible because of the controversial accusations and words he proclaims. The Book of Revelation completes the plan started in the Book of Daniel. There are twelve chapters in the Book of Daniel. Those are 1: Induction into Babylon, 2: Nebuchadnezzar's dream of an image, 3: The fiery furnace, 4: The madness of Nebuchadnezzar, 5: Belshazzar's feast, 6: Daniel in the lions' den, 7: Daniel's first vision, 8: Vision of the ram and goat, 9: Prophecy of Seventy Weeks, 10: Vision of a man, 11: Kings of the North and South, and 12: Epilogue. Key people of of this book include Daniel, Nebuchadnezzar, Shadrach, Meshach, Abednego, Belshazzar, and Darius. Alth...
They could effectively become a priest in Utopia. Or rather, they could become a priest more easily in Utopia than in real life. With such a rigorous selection and ordination process by the clergy, pious widows and pre-selected women are more likely to have that chance compared to other women in most Christian countries. The standards of religious marital status and the allowance of the opposite sex in the clergy are changed and loosen up by More, the religion is therefore more tolerant, free of hassle and welcoming to potential believers. Priests hold much more responsibility in as well. They are responsible for the education of the children as well as intervening and judging in casual everyday conflicts or small crimes. This shpws the importance the author emphasize on the role of priests, they are some sort of religious professors who guarantee the sustainability of the whole nation by forming younger generations manners and mindset in order for them to become qualified members of the society. Thomas more here wanted to draw a distinctive line between universal school teaching with the overall faith and manner of people, book smart doesn’t necessarily guarantee an acceptable overall character for the benefit of a community. It could be relatively beneficial if a nation focuses on forming its members at an early age than teaching them lessons after lessons which they would probably don’t need and would not apply them to good use
Co-teaching is the collaboration of two or more credentialed teaching professionals, most typically a general education teacher and a special education teacher. To truly qualify as a co-teaching model, each teacher must be actively involved in the teaching of the lessons. Each teacher contributes their own unique expertise to the planning, instruction, and managing of all students in the classroom. If executed in this way, co-teaching can enhance the learning environment and involve and engage all students in the classroom. All students, from the academically gifted to the academically challenged, can benefit from the increased engaged time and more diverse instruction which the co-teaching model offers.
In William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, the boys stranded on the island encounter many symbols that reflect on the theme, civilization versus savagery. The meaning of the symbols change, the longer the boys are on the island due to the circumstances they are in. The symbols conch, beast, and fire played vital roles in portraying this theme. The conch was a representation of civilization and how it can quickly plummet, while the beast signified the evil and savagery in us all. Lastly, the fire gave a measure of the boys hope throughout their experience.
In other words, any socially acceptable behavior that is viewed as normal is also good. All of the different moralities are equally valid. Using the argument of “normality”, every culture decides what action is right, to suit the majority. Then those people live with what they define as normal and the minority then become different and abnormal (Pojman, 518). Benedict emphasizes that moral and ethical relativism occurs as a response to differences in cultures naturally (Pojman, 518-519). Subjectivism is the extreme end of relativism. This belief makes mortality determined by individuals, not society or universe. Therefore, what you believe in is the only moral principles, and all principles are equally
Tennessee Williams’ excellent use of themes to portray characters in his world class, classic play “The Glass Menagerie” makes the play enthralling till the very end of it. Out of many themes like loneliness, illusions and distress; disintegration of the family seems to be a major plot of the play. Undoubtedly, all the themes displayed in “The Glass Menagerie” are as much important for the success of the play which keeps the audience indulged into it throughout. Nature and lifestyle of each character plays a vital role in creating events and setting the theme of the story. From an ambitious, energetic and hard-working young man, Tom to a physically challenged and unsociable girl, Laura; many qualities of a human being have been portrayed in