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Organizational theories
Organizational theories
Organization management theory
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Introduction In her article titled “Job Redesign for Expanded HIM Functions”, Elizabeth Layman focuses on an effective solution to the rapid changes that occur in the health care delivery system, particularly in Health Information Services (HIS). She proposes that redesigning work and jobs can be very helpful for all members that belong in the HIS Departments at working smarter. We will briefly summarize Layman’s case study in order to acquire a better understanding of one of the motivational factors in job design, namely job enrichment. Goal Setting Clear and measurable goals are necessary to help motivate employees and give them direction. Although not necessarily specific in nature, in order to motivate HIS members to work smarter, Layman (2010) suggests the goal of redesigning work and jobs, focusing specifically on concepts of organizational theory, behavior, and context theory. As a measure, she points out that environmental monitoring produce indicators of change that can help directors and managers determine when work and job redesigning may be necessary to achieve realignments at the department level. These indicators include: • Sector changes, which can be caused by factors such as technology and cultural shifts. • Organizational changes, where demographic changes such as the age of the population may affect the type of service rendered. • …show more content…
This technique is used purposefully in bureaucratic or batch environments to counteract boredom in routine tasks. But Layman is also quick to point out that job enrichment may not necessarily work well for employees, the reason being is that this technique adds more tasks, which can be viewed by workers as added stress rather than an aid to reduce
Change affects more than just a program or a process within an organization, change affects employees, collecting data on employee’s readiness and willingness to accept a change will help leaders know if the organization is socially ready for change (Cole, Harris, and Bernerth, 2006). A change might be positive for an organization but if the employees who will be affect by the change are lost in the process then it could create a greater issue than not making the change. Leadership needs to communicate and inspire the employees to be positive toward the change, seeking to enhance their job satisfaction not make changes that will increase their desire to leave. This data is best collected early in the change initiative allowing leadership to properly cast the vision while addressing concerns. This requires leadership to create platforms for employees to engage in the change initiative freely (Ford, 2006). Employee attitudes can be measured through these dialogues providing leadership with necessary measureable data (Hughes, 2007).
It is a fundamental HRM activity and plays the key role in deciding on the actual job structure which is, “identifying the relevant tasks and activities and allocating them across employees in a way that allows the organization to reap benefits from specialization”, but also bundle job tasks in order to use possible synergies between the different tasks (Foss, Minbaeva, Pedersen & Reinholt, 2009, p.873). There are two major approaches to job design, these are the job enrichment approach “which attempts to make the job more interesting, challenging, and significant by adding dimensions such as variety, autonomy, feedback, and control” and the job engineering approach “which attempts to make jobs more efficient by improving work methods, tools, and task-goal structure through activities such as time-and-motion studies and goal setting” (Umstot, Bell & Mitchell, 1976,
Change is the only constant in life. And therefore it should be understood as part of a continuing work in progress that calls for a much broader canvas that seeks out competing voices, and works with the resulting ambiguities, contradictions and tensions of messy reality (Graetz, F. & Smith, A., 2010). In this submission I try to show that organizational change is majorly based on the environment surrounding it much more than the desire of the members or change agents working in that organization. This view diverts from that of Lippitt, (1958) who suggests that implementing planned organizational changes successfully depends on premeditated interventions intended to modify the functioning of an organization. It also diverts from the traditional approaches to organizational change that generally follow a linear, rational model in which the focus is on controllability under the stewardship of a strong leader or ‘guiding coalition (Collis, 1998). In this discussion therefore, comparison made between the different philosophies of change and I try to show that successful change implantation largely depends on an organizations appreciation of what goes on around it rather than what they have planned as a strategic direction.
In addition to feedback, goals have been found to be more effective when they are tied to employee evaluations. The results of employee evaluations typically carry great weight when it comes to raises, bonuses, and potential advancement. Tying these types of rewards to successful goal completion also improves performance and increases goal commitment among employees (House, 1971). Incorporating deadlines to specific goals is also attributed to elevated performance levels. The motivation levels of the employee increase to meet goals within set deadlines and receive positive feedback (Lunenburg, 2011). As organizations focus on employee satisfaction and motivation, goal setting will remain an important aspect of management practices. In today’s economy, organizations are competing for top talent and ensuring employee satisfaction among job tasks is an important piece of talent retention.
This paper will be broken down into six sections profiling each critical part of implementing and managing change in an organization. The sections included are; outline for plan creating urgency, the approach to attracting a guiding team, a critique of the organizational profile, the components of change, and how to empower the organization.
The present environments for healthcare organizations contain many forces demanding unprecedented levels of change. These forces include changing demographics, increased customer outlook, increased competition, and strengthen governmental pressure. Meeting these challenges will require healthcare organizations to go through fundamental changes and to continuously inquire about new behavior to produce future value. Healthcare is an information-intensive process. Pressures for management in information technology are increasing as healthcare organizations feature to lower costs, improve quality, and increase access to care. Healthcare organizations have developed better and more complex. Information technology must keep up with the dual effects of organizational complication and continuous progress in medical technology. The literature review will discuss how health care organizations can provide effective care by the intellectual use of information.
Diversity can be differences in age, gender, ethnicity, and religion. Having such a diverse workforce can be very challenging. (1) Today’s workforce is very diverse in respect to age. Before, corporate America consisted of workers ranging from twenty one up to late thirties to early forties. Now, we see people in their mid to late fifties going back to work. This trend has both advantages and disadvantages. One advantage of an older employee over a younger employee is his ability to use his years of experience in situations where a younger employee lacks experience. Another advantage for an older employee is his built relationship with existing customers. The disadvantage of an older employee over a younger employee is his inability to quickly adapt to his changing environment. Younger employees are more “hungry” compared to their older counter parts. Their hunger is fired by their goal to quickly move up the corporate ladder.
The basic premises of the goal-setting theory is the relationship between how difficult and specific a goal is and people’s performance. We live in a goal-oriented society as people usually adhere to specific targets with a plan of action for guidance. Lack of accomplishment of goals leads to job dissatisfaction. Locke’s Goal-Setting Theory from 1968 has been a powerful way of motivating people and is often utilized in whole organizations to increase focus and productivity. The more specific and difficult goals are designed the more likely staff can achieve these goals as opposed to being too vague or easy goals. An organization should consider the five following principles of goal setting: clarity, goal difficulty, goal acceptance, goal specificity and feedback. Organizations that set clear and challenging goals and are open to honest feedback have a greater chance of achieving goals. According to Locke and Latham (2002), goal setting can be useful in predicting job satisfaction. Job satisfaction is an important attribute for employee productivity and commitment to the
The transformation of a company requires hundreds, sometimes thousands of employees to adopt a new view of its future, a future they must regard as essential. Change management involves managing the process of achieving this future state. Change can be viewed from two vantage points, that of the people making the changes and that of the people experiencing the changes. In the top-down, or strategic viewpoint associated with management, the focus is on technical issues such as the investment required, the processes for implementing the change, how soon the change can be realized, and the outcome. In the bottom-up viewpoint of the employee, the focus is on what the change means to the ...
My overall vision is to develop and promote information technology solutions to better improve health outcomes, patient safety, and prevention of medical errors in underserved countries. In closing, Health informatics and Health Information Management is an exciting program that is designed to provide me with a suite of resources to help me develop essential leadership, teamwork, and healthcare management skills that will help me to become successful leader in healthcare
In order for organizational change management to succeed in a highly competitive marketplace, it is important for organization to frequently figure out the need for introducing changes. Since organizational change management is more focused on the people side of management, one can decide how the goals will influence the person in reaching their greatest potential within an organization. So there are techniques that can be applied by simply making a chart, such as focusing on the possibilities of: 1) Directing one’s attention 2) Regulating one’s effort 3) Increasing one’s persistence 4) Encouraging the development of goal-attainment strategies or action plans. Using an approach like this might increase task performance making goal expectations more realistic.
Change usually comes with resistance in any workplace because change disrupts the employees’ sense of safety and control (Lewis, 2012). Kurt Lewin (1951) created a three step process for assisting employees with organizational Change (Lewis, 2012). The three stages are Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze. These are the steps to a smooth transition for change within organizations. Further, these steps are not possible without good communication from upper Management through line staff. Communication was consistently listed as an issue in surveys conducted by the department.
The change process within any organization can prove to be difficult and very stressful, not only for the employees but also for the management team. Hayes (2014), highlights seven core activities that must take place in order for change to be effective: recognizing the need for change, diagnosing the change and formulating a future state, planning the desired change, implementing the strategies, sustaining the implemented change, managing all those involved and learning from the change. Individually, these steps are comprised of key actions and decisions that must be properly addressed in order to move on to the next step. This paper is going to examine how change managers manage the implementation of change and strategies used
It represents the Strategic human resource management (SHRM) core function like “work analysis, Job design and job analysis” defines its importance in strategies implementation in any organization. This assignment will also discuss the aspect of Human Resource department that why they are giving more edge to other functions like Recruitment and selection, Performance appraisal and Occupational health and safety. This report will also presents the today’s critical business challenges and the with coming new responsibilities for HR and why they have started to give more weightage to Job analysis and design in order to get the better output and efficiency of the organization. Moreover, Human capital is a vital factor for any department in any organization. “Hiring smart” is becoming a fashion trend for companies for their effectiveness, productivity and employee motivation as the more investment will be done in employees by the firms. It continues with the recommendations on the need of analysis and design of work and how to make employees motivated in the company.
Motivation can be one of the greatest and most important aspects inside a workplace, as it enables employees to find their incentive to work harder and achieve different types of goals. Motivation can be identified and accomplished by elaborating a job design that helps keep employees happy considering the different environmental factors of the integrative framework when applying organizational behavior. A formal definition states that job design “refers to any set of activities that involve the alteration of specific jobs or interdependent systems of jobs with the intent of improving the quality of employee job experience and their on-the-job productivity” (Kinicki 168). Job designs help structure jobs and the different tasks needed to accomplish