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Boston massacre research essay
Social Contract theory of Rousseau
Outline boston massacre
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Things in the Middle East, Syria and Iran are in some complex situations right now, Mr. President, with the outcome of the Arab Spring and the issues the United States has with its allies and enemies. The United States needs to repair its alliances, make peace with its enemies and cautiously tread into understanding and gathering knowledge with the situation in the Middle East before declaring any actions to be taken. The United States should find it in their best interest to repair its alliances. The reparation of alliances is vital because it gives the United States foreign support and if need be, aid as well. Within Jean Jacques Rousseau’s “Social Contract”, forming a social contract gives an individual the protection of a community, equal rights and protection from the abuse of power. This relationship between an individual and the state is important because it provides the individual with more protection and security than if they were facing the issue alone, all in exchange for their natural freedom. People are naturally free and they give up that freedom when they join a community in exchange for such protections. So, it is the job of the state to ensure that the rights of the people are inalienable, they cannot be taken from them.
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The colonies became heavily taxed (among other issues that caused the war) and tensions grew so tense that the Boston massacre had occurred. The Boston massacre was a standoff between the colonists and the British officers, the colonists, unarmed, had protested against the officer and it had escalated to the point where the officers shot several colonists. Several more incidents had occurred, ultimately leading up to the American Revolution. The American Revolution lasted many year and even divided colonists. The instability in America could have caused the end of the Americas if at any point of the revolution they had failed to stay united in their
Before the Boston Massacre even occurred, tensions were high in the city of Boston between the Bostonians and the British. At this time people were just getting over the Stamp Act and were now angered by the new taxes also known as the Townshend Duties. This new tax caused Bostonians to become more aggressive causing the British to send more soldiers to impose the laws of Parliament and to restore order among the people. The arrival of more soldiers only caused more of an uproar between the people of Boston and the red coats. Bostonians went out of their way to harass British soldiers whenever they got the chance, but on March 5, 1770 both sides acted unacceptably resulting in the Boston Massacre (84-85).
The American Revolution (1775-1783) was a war between England and the colonies which were settled earlier by the English. There were many factors and events that led to the American Revolution. The Revolution was mainly an economic rebellion that was fueled by taxation without representation following the French and Indian War. The English Parliament was more often than not considered cruel and unfair by the colonists. With conflicts over trade, taxes and government representation, the colonies were at a starting line of a revolution that would later transform into the basis of the United States of America.
On March 5th, 1770 the colonists were going to protest against the British rule because they were being unfair to the colonists, with taxes being passed without the colonists’ approval. The proclamation of 1763 didn’t help stopping people from settling across the Appalachian mountains even though people fought for it. Also each house had to house and feed a soldier. Many other taxes on different items also caused colonists to be angry. Many started to protest one of these protests had the colonists in front of government building with weapons the British soldiers then fired killing five and injuring others. There was not a massacre on March 5, 1770 in Boston because there was not a massacre on March 5, 1770 in Boston because less than ten colonists
Jean-Jacques Rousseau has been referred to as the father of the romanticism movement due to his philosophical writings challenging the status quo at the time. To help set the cultural scene surrounding him, he lived in Paris just prior to the French Revolution where turmoil was in the atmosphere. During this time in France’s history monarchs reigned, the Catholic Church was the leading religion, and those who were considered commoners were viewed as less than human. I believe Rousseau’s environment led him to ponder and write about assumptions regarding human nature, the government’s role in relation to humans, types of will people have, and educational methods. His works had some comparative and contrasting features
The American Revolution was sparked by a myriad of causes. These causes in themselves could not have sparked such a massive rebellion in the nation, but as the problems of the colonies cumulated, their collective impact spilt over and the American Revolution ensued. Many say that this war could have been easily avoided and was poorly handled by both sides, British and American; but as one will see, the frame of thought of the colonists was poorly suited to accept British measures which sought to “overstep” it’s power in the Americas. Because of this mindset, colonists developed a deep resentment of British rule and policies; and as events culminated, there was no means to avoid revolution and no way to turn back.
The Boston Massacre came about because the British troops came into town and tried to enforce the Townshend Act, which placed a tax on tea, paper, glass and some other products from England (History.com). The people of Boston hated this idea and rapidly started to rebel. At this point people believed that the British were the first to start the confrontation, but they were wrong. The colonists started the riot. The colonists started throwing things at the soldiers, such as snowballs, sticks and rocks (Rebecca Beatrice Brooks).
The political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx examined the role that the state played and its relationship to its citizen’s participation and access to the political economy during different struggles and tumultuous times. Rousseau was a believer of the concept of social contract with limits established by the good will and community participation of citizens while government receives its powers given to it. Karl Marx believed that power was to be taken by the people through the elimination of the upper class bourgeois’ personal property and capital. While both philosophers created a different approach to establishing the governing principles of their beliefs they do share a similar concept of eliminating ownership of capital and distributions from the government. Studying the different approaches will let us show the similarities of principles that eliminate abuse of power and concentration of wealth by few, and allow access for all. To further evaluate these similarities, we must first understand the primary principles of each of the philosophers’ concepts.
The Boston Massacre was a critical point in American history and fueled the American Revolution. It caused the Royal Governor to evacuate the occupying British troops from Boston. The Boston Massacre united the colonies in their fight for independence which, along with continued propaganda, led to the Revolutionary War.
Countless crises took place between the British and Americans, the Townshend Crisis, when London decided to impose a new set of taxes on Americans; a boycott began in Boston and soon spread to the Southern colonies. Americans showed resistance to the British goods. Boston soon became a focal area of conflict between the British and Americans. In March of 1770, after a snowball fight between Bostonians and British what is known as the Boston Massacre took place, leaving five Bostonians dead. The Tea Act also took place where there was a tax on tea, which just furthered proved the power of the British.
The relationship between Britain and her Americans colonies slowly deteriorated between the 1750s and the beginning of the American Revolution. When the first British immigrants settled in America, the relationship of the colonies and their mother country was somewhat peaceful. In the following generations, however, their relationship became tenser as Britain imposed policies and taxes on unrepresented American colonists. The British believed they were right in doing so because they had large debts to pay from ongoing wars with France. These taxes caused uprisings among colonists which contributed to British occupation in America, leading to more rebellions. Eventually, the rift in the relationship between the colonists and the British led to the Revolutionary War and the formation of a new country.
What’s tricky is to rule out the representation of sovereignty in such a big country. Giving back the rights to pass laws back to the people is good, but not enough. The ideal republic Rousseau has in mind is similar to Rome , where citizens assemble regularly, and actively discuss public affairs and laws for themselves. Voting online technically allows the people to exercise the legislative power – the sovereignty – but as explained before, for each member of the people to have moral freedom, he needs to obey to laws he prescribed to himself. What is being stressed here is that citizens must be active. If the laws are drafted by the Congress, and the people only care about electing the congressmen but not about discussing the laws, they are still
In response to the new taxes and Acts, the colonists decided to boycott British products, go against British officials, and start protests like the Boston Tea Party. This was when a bunch of white men decided to dress like Native Americans, and through a bunch of British tea into the Boston Harbor. By this time tension between Americans and the British were very high, and it didn’t take long for the war to
Much of the violence occurred in Boston and in 1768, 4000 British troops stormed Boston in order to suppress smuggling. The British Parliament threatened to charge Massachusetts (citizens in Boston) for treason but they were not at all intimidated. Colonists then went on to boycott British goods forcing panicky soldiers to kill 5 colonists sparking outrage. Then in 1773, Samuel Adams and the sons of liberty boarded 3 ships and threw over 342 shipments of tea into the harbour in protest of the British Parliament tax on tea. This was known as The Boston Tea Party. From here the Revolution had begun.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. “The Social Contract”. Modern Political Thought, Second Edition. Ed. David Wootton. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 2008. 427-487.
Eliot and Niebuhr argue against Rousseau’s progressive historical philosophy through refuting his view of human nature. Eliot argues that reality is very different than Rousseau’s idealized view of human nature. Niebuhr claims that conflict comes from within man, thus man is not perfectable. Rousseau’s philosophy ends with a wonderful, glorious, idealized world, but, as Eliot claims, “This is the way the world ends/Not with a bang but a whimper” (97-98). The world will end just as it has always been—with an imperfect human nature.